Mass media is the term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a -1... nation state). It was coined in the Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s - 1920s - 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years: 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Referred to as the Roaring 20s. Events and trends Technology John Logie Baird invents the first working television system... 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks and of mass-circulation newspapers and magazines. The mass-media audience has been viewed by some commentators as forming a Mass society is a society in which the concerns of the majority – the lower classes – play a prominent role, characterized by extension of voting rights, an improved standard of living for the lower classes and mass education. The theory of mass society, cited by Daniel Bell in the... mass society with special characteristics, notably atomization or lack of social connections, which render it especially susceptible to the influence of modern mass-media techniques such as Generally speaking, advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. History In ancient times the most common form... advertising and This article is about the type of communication. For other meanings, see Propaganda (disambiguation). North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. Propaganda is a specific type of message presentation aimed at serving an agenda. At its root, the denotation of propaganda is to propagate (actively... propaganda.

Etymology and usage

Media (originally the plural of The word medium has a number of uses: The most common meaning of the word medium is an average or mean in a range of sizes or conditions. Usually, the term is used when there are only a few different sizes in the range, rather than many. For example, items... medium) is a contraction of the term media of communication, referring to those organized means of dissemination of fact, opinion, and entertainment such as Reading the newspaper: Brookgreen Gardens in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable publication (more specifically, a periodical), usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be general or special-interest, and may be published daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly. General-interest... newspapers, This article is about the magazine as a published medium. For other meanings, see magazine (disambiguation) A collection of magazines Magazines A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles on various subjects. Magazines are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, or quarterly, with a date on the cover... magazines, For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as... cinema films, Radio transmission diagram and electromagnetic waves Radio is a technology that allows the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of light. Radio waves Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation, and are created whenever a charged object accelerates with a frequency that lies... radio, See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band Family watching television in the 1950s. Television is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance. The term has come to refer to all the aspects of television programming and transmission... television, and the Graphic representation of the world wide web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). Basic terms Hypertext is viewed using a program called... World Wide Web. Writers currently vary in their preference for using media in the The word singular may refer to one of several concepts. The singular is a grammatical number denoting a unit quantity (as opposed to the plural and other forms; A singular matrix is one that is not invertible. A measure (mathematics) or probability distribution is called singular if its support has... singular ("the media is...") or the Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. In the English language, singular and plural are the only grammatical numbers. In English, nouns, pronouns, and demonstratives inflect for plurality. (See English plural.) In many other languages, for example German, Romance... plural ("the media are..."). Academic programs for the study of the mass media are usually referred to as For other uses of the word Media see media (disambiguation). Mass media is the term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a nation state). It... mass communication programs.

History

During the (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... 20th century, the advent of mass media was driven by Technology ( Gr. τεχνολογια < τεχνη craftsmanship + λογος word, reckoning + the suffix ια) has more than one definition. One is the development and application of tools, machines, materials and processes that help to... technology that allowed the massive duplication of material at a low cost. Physical duplication technologies such as Printing is an industrial process for reproducing copies of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is an essential part of publishing. Books are usually printed today using the technique of offset printing,and occasionally relief print, (which is principally used for newspapers and... printing, record pressing and film duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low prices to huge audiences. Television and radio allowed the electronic duplication of content for the first time.

Mass media had the economics of linear replication: a single work could make money The word proportionality may have one of a number of meanings: In mathematics, proportionality is a mathematical relation between two quantities. In law and politics, proportionality is a maxim in some theories of governance and a principle underpinning the constitution of the European Union. In politics, proportional representation is a... proportional to the number of copies sold, and as volumes went up, units costs went down, increasing profit margins further. Vast fortunes were to be made in mass media.

In a democratic society, an independent media serves to educate the public/electorate about issues regarding government and corporate entities (see Despite being a relatively recent development, the mass media plays a crucial role in forming and reflecting public opinion. It communicates the world to individuals, and it reproduces modern societys self-image. But how much exogeneous influence does the media wield? Early critiques suggested that the media destroys the... Mass media and public opinion). Some consider Concentration of media ownership is a commonly used term among media critics, policy makers, and others to characterize ownership structure of media industries. Media ownership is said to be concentrated usually in one or more of the following ways. First there is a state of oligopoly or monopoly in a... concentration of media ownership to be the single greatest threat to democracy.

The Internet and mass media

During the last decade of the 20th century, the advent of the Graphic representation of the world wide web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). Basic terms Hypertext is viewed using a program called... World Wide Web marked the first era in which any individual could have a means of exposure on the scale of mass media. For the first time, anyone with a A website, Web site or WWW site (often shortened to just site) is a collection of webpages, that is, HTML/XHTML documents accessible via HTTP on the Internet; all publicly accessible websites in existence comprise the World Wide Web. The pages of a website will be accessed from a common... web site can address a global audience, although serving high levels of Example graph of web traffic at Wikipedia in December 2004 Web traffic is the amount of data sent and received by visitors to a web site. This is determined by the number of visitors and the number of pages they visit. Sites monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic to see... web traffic is still expensive. It is possible that the rise of A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is any network that does not rely on dedicated servers for communication but instead mostly uses direct connections between clients (peers). A pure peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that... peer-to-peer technologies may have begun the process of making the cost of bandwidth manageable. The invention of the internet has also allowed breaking news stories to reach around the globe within minutes. This high speed exposure is typically good, although it has caused several mistakes.

See also

• Book publishers
• Lists of newspapers
• Lists of radio stations
• Lists of television channels
• Media by country
• Generally speaking, advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. History In ancient times the most common form... Advertising
• Culture of fear
• Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication, representation, and mental stimulus. Although many people speak of the advent of the information age, the information society, and information technologies, and even though information... Information
• Journalism is a discipline of collecting, verifying, reporting and analyzing information gathered regarding current events, including trends, issues and people. Those who practice journalism are known as journalists. Journalism is sometimes called the first draft of history. Even though news articles are often written on deadline, they are usually edited... Journalism
• For other uses of the word Media see media (disambiguation). Mass media is the term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a nation state). It... Mass Communication
• Media Imperialism is a critical theory regarding the perceived effects of globalization on the worlds media. It is closely tied to the similar theory of cultural imperialism. As multinational media conglomerates grow larger and more powerful many believe that it will become increasingly difficult for small, local media outlets... Media Imperialism
• Media literacy is the skill of understanding the nature of communications, particularly in regard to telecommunications and mass media. The skill entails knowledge of the structural features of the media, and how these might tend to influence the content of the media. Major topics The technology of telecommunications The business... Media literacy
• A media monitoring service provides clients with new material (written, audio or visual) which refers to them. Such services hold, or have held, various names - changing over time as new forms of media are created. Alternative names for such services include: Press/media cutting agency/service Press/media clipping agency... Media monitoring service
• Media studies, a communication science, studies the nature and effects of media upon individuals and society. A cross-disciplinary field, media studies uses techniques from psychology, art theory, sociology, information theory, and economics. Media studies has greatly influenced the development of multimedia and of performance art. Critical media theory looks... Media studies
• Traditionally, Marketing has been a term applied to the craft of linking the producers (or potential producers) of a product or service with customers, both existing and potential. This general definition fails to provide any direction to someone hoping to market their products or services effectively. With that, a more... Marketing
• Metcalfe's law
• Planted news
• The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that seeks to explain systemic biases of the mass media in terms of structural economic causes. First presented in the book Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media, the theory views private media as... Propaganda model
• Sensationalism is a manner of being extremely controversial, loud, attention-grabbing, or otherwise sensationalistic. The term is commonly used in reference to the media. Critics of media bias of all political stripes often charge the media with engaging in sensationalism in their reporting and conduct. That is to say they... Sensationalism
• Trial by media is a phrase popular in the late 20th and early 21st centuries to describe the impact of television and newspaper coverage on a persons reputation by creating a widespread perception of guilt regardless of any verdict in a court of law. In the UK there is... Trial by media

External links

• Ketupa.net (http://www.ketupa.net/), profiles of media groups
• "Content is Not King" (http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_2/odlyzko/)
• Myth of the 24-Hour News Cycle at The Global Language Monitor (http://www.languagemonitor.com/wst_page12.html)
• Federation Without Television (http://www.orgsites.com/mn/fwt)
• Open Site is a free internet encyclopedia with many editors. Anyone is welcome to sign up and become an editor, but must be approved as suitable by Meta editors. The Open Site software is open source under the Mozilla Public License. Category System The Open Encyclopedia Project, as it is... Open-Site: Media (http://www.open-site.org/Society/Media/)
• Indymedia.org (http://www.indymedia.org/), a collective of independent media organizations and journalists
• the BREIGNforest (http://www.breignforest.com/media.htm), a list of links to some of the most important media links on the internet