In British public school terminology, "major" means an older brother or sister (when two people have the same surname), as opposed to "minor".
A major in golf is one of the four or five most important yearly tournaments. In the United States, the PGA TOUR and LPGA tour have four majors, while the Champions Tour for golfers 50 and over has five. All other top-level men's tours worldwide recognize the same four majors as the PGA TOUR.
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Major is a military rank denoting an officer of mid-level command status.
In several European navies, the rank of Major was used in the term "Pilot-Major" to denote the senior deck officer of a vessel in contrast to the Captain (or Captain General) who was typically an Army officer, with little naval knowledge, assigned to command the mission on which a vessel was embarked.
The rank of Major General arose during the 18th century, and was a shortening of the rank Sergeant Major General.
In American sports, various leagues are described as major (or "the majors") when they represent the highest level of competition in their geographic area, such as Major League Baseball or Major League Soccer.
In golf, a major championship is one of an elite tier of annual tournaments (not more than five) recognised by the relevant authorities for a particular branch of the sport.