Makhachkala (Russian: Махачкала́) is a city in Russia, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan. It is located on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, at 42°59′N 47°31′E It was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian tsar Peter the Great who visited the region in 1722. The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake of May 14, 1970. Population: 462,412 (2002 Census). The city is subdivided into three city districts: Leninsky, Sovetsky, and Kirovsky. The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Tsar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary For the US community of Czar, see Czar, West Virginia. ... Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич or Pyotr I Alexeyevich)(Peter Alexeyevich Romanov) (10 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672– 28 January 1725 O.S.] ) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earths surface. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (135th in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... For the Cusco album, see 2002 (album). ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ...