Malate (O−OC-CH2-CH(OH)-COO−) is the ionized form of malic acid. It is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ... C4 carbon fixation is a metabolic pathway found in some land plants (C4 plants). ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... Overview of the Calvin cycle and carbon fixation The Calvin cycle (or Calvin-Benson cycle or carbon fixation) is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. ...
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate; it can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions. Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion of malate into oxaloacetate using NAD as a cofactor. The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ... In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group. ... A fumarate is a salt or ester of fumaric acid. ... Pyruvate (CH3COCOO−) is the ionized form of pyruvic acid. ... - of Greek origin, meaning to fill up Anaplerotic reactions are those that form intermediates of the TCA or citric acid cycle. ... Categories: Biochemistry stubs | EC 1. ... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two important coenzymes found in cells. ... A cofactor is the following: In mathematics a cofactor is the minor of an element of a square matrix. ...
Malate is also produced in guard cells of plant leaves. It is produced from starch. A build up of malate leads to a low water potential. Water then flows into the gaurd cells causing the stoma to open.
Malate is one of the districts of Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
Together with the district of Ermita up north, Malate is a popular tourist spot and a known center of bohemian night life in the city and in the metropolis.
Malate is also known as the gay captital of the Philippines with an active gay community living in the area surrounding the intersection of Maria Orosa and Julio Nakpil streets, near the Remedios Circle.
Malate was identified by painting the relevant area of the chromatogram with a solution of 0.2 mM NAD, 0.2 mM phenazine methosulfate, 0.3 mM nitro blue tetrazolium, 10 mM glutamate, 0.15 mg/ml malate dehydrogenase, 0.04 mg/ml aspartate aminotransferase, and 0.4 M 2-amino-2-methyl propanol buffer, pH 8.7.
Malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase (0.1 mg/ml each) were added, and one-tenth of the reaction mixture was diluted with water and placed in a cuvette in order to monitor the progress of the reaction at 340 nm.
Malate exits the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where it is oxidatively decarboxylated to pyruvate via the malic enzyme reaction.
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