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Malaysia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Malaysia Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Stop_sign_MUTCD.svg 600 mm by 600 mm (24 in by 24 in) stop sign, made to the specifications of the 2004 edition of Standard Highway Signs (sign R1-1). ... Image File history File links MalaysianParliament. ... Politics of Malaysia takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

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The Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Se-Malaysia, MIC) is a Malaysian political party and is one of the founding members of the ruling coalition, Barisan Nasional, previously known as the Alliance, that has been in power since the country achieved independence in 1957. The social contract in Malaysia refers to the agreement made by the countrys founding fathers in the Constitution. ... Flag of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Malay title usually translated as Supreme Head, Supreme Ruler or Paramount Ruler, is the official title of the constitutional head of state of the federation of Malaysia. ... Duli Yang Maha Mulia Al Wathiqu Billah, Al-Sultan Ibni Almarhum Al-Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Al-Haj is the 17th sultan of the state of Terengganu, Malaysia, and the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or King of Malaysia. ... The Cabinet of Malaysia is the executive branch of Malaysias government. ... The Prime Minister of Malaysia (in Malay Perdana Menteri) is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia (Timbalan Perdana Menteri in Malay) is the second highest political post in Malaysia. ... Najib Tun Razak is the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia. ... The Malaysian Houses of Parliament in Kuala Lumpur. ... The Dewan Negara is the Malaysian Senate. ... The Parliament of Malaysia consists of the lower house (Dewan Rakyat or literally Peoples Hall, in Malay) and upper house (Dewan Negara or Nations Hall in Malay). ... The Sultan Abdul Samad Building, as were surrounding colonial buildings near the Merdeka Square, had formerly housed all of the countrys judicial branches for decades. ... The Opposition in Malaysia is a term used to describe political parties represented in the Parliament of Malaysia that is not in government either on its own or as part of a governing coalition. ... Elections in Malaysia gives information on election and election results in Malaysia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Political parties in Malaysia lists political parties in Malaysia. ... Malaysia is a federation of 13 states. ... This article concerns the Foreign relations of Malaysia. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) is a political coalition in Malaysia. ...

The MIC was established in August 1946, at the end of World War II, to fight along for Indian independence from British colonial. After India obtained its independence, MIC involved itself in the struggle for Malaysian independence, that was achieved in 1957. It positioned itself for representation on behalf of the Indian community in the post-war development of the country. The MIC joined the National Alliance comprising the United Malays National Organization and the Malaysian Chinese Association in 1954 which became the Barisan Nasional in 1973 with further expansion in the number of component parties. The current head of the MIC is President Dato' Seri S. Samy Vellu. Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Indian independence movement incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu in Malay, is the largest political party in Malaysia and a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition, which has ruled the country uninterrupted since independence. ... MCA Flag The Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia, MCA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǎ Huá Gōng Huì; Cantonese: Ma Wah Koong Wui) is a political party in Malaysia, made up of Chinese Malaysian and one of the three major parties that make up the ruling Barisan Nasional, or National... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) is a political coalition in Malaysia. ... Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu, Works Minister of Malaysia. ...

Like the many race based political parties in multi-racial Malaysia, the MIC is confined to ethnic Indians, the majority being Tamils descended from Indian migrants. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ...

Party History

The party's founder John A. Thivy (1946-1947) also sought to check social problems such as low literacy level, alcoholism and family violence faced by the Indian community.^{[citation needed]} At the outset, the party was committed to positive inter-racial harmony and cooperation and obtaining a fair share of the economic cake for the Indian community.^{[citation needed]}

It was the intense anti-British sentiment that made the MIC under the leadership of its second president Budh Singh (1947-1950) critical of the Malayan Union, which did not obtain Indian support.^{[citation needed]} The Malayan Union was formed on April 1, 1946 by the British. ...

Under its third president, K. Ramanathan was when the MIC contested in the 1952 Kuala Lumpur Municipal Elections in alliance with the multi-racial Independent Malayan Party (IMP) under Datuk Onn Jaafar and other non-communal organisations. However the results showed that the MIC’s attempt to preach and practise non-communalism would not prevail in Malayan politics when communalism was the winning factor.^{[citation needed]} Dato Sir Onn Bin Jaafar (1895-January 19, 1962) was a Malay politician and a Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Johor in Malaysia, then Malaya. ...

In 1954, the MIC under its fourth leader K.L. Devaser (1951-1955) became the third partner in the Alliance with the Malay-based United Malays National Organization and the Malaysian Chinese-based Malaysian Chinese Association after realising that political alliances were fundamental to success in Malaysian politics of the time.^{[citation needed]} This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu in Malay, is the largest political party in Malaysia and a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition, which has ruled the country uninterrupted since independence. ... A Malaysian Chinese is an overseas Chinese who is a citizen or long-term resident of Malaysia. ... MCA Flag The Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia, MCA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǎ Huá Gōng Huì; Cantonese: Ma Wah Koong Wui) is a political party in Malaysia, made up of Chinese Malaysian and one of the three major parties that make up the ruling Barisan Nasional, or National...

Under Tun V.T. Sambanthan who took over the party’s leadership as the fifth president (1955-1973) the party grew in membership and became a mass-based party, at the same time firmly entrenching itself as a partner of the Alliance.^{[citation needed]} On Aug 31, 1957, Independence was achieved under the Merdeka Agreement, to which Sambanthan was a signatory. Tun V.T. Sambanthan was the fifth President of Malaysian Indian Congress and one of the Founding Fathers of Malaysia. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

One big challenge that the party faced during this time was the fragmentation of estates, that desrupted the livelihood of ordinary Indian workers.^{[citation needed]} While the Malaysian government banned further fragmentation, the party sponsored the establishment of the National Land Finance Cooperative Society (NLFCS) comprising workers as members and used their periodic contributions to buy up whole estates.

During Tan Sri V. Manickavasagam's term as the sixth president, the MIC became part of Barisan Nasional. The party sponsored the Nesa Multipurpose Cooperative and the MIC Unit Trust as part of its programme for economic ventures, and also set up the MIC Education Fund for members’ children and the Malaysian Indian Scholarship for higher education.^{[citation needed]} Tan Sri V. Manickavasagam is the sixth president of the Malaysian Indian Congress from 1973 - 1978. ... Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) is a political coalition in Malaysia. ...

Nevertheless, Samy Vellu, who is the longest serving leader of a mainstream Malaysian political party, having been MIC president since October 12, 1979 has not been without controversy, marked by allegations of corruption and a perceived decline in Malaysian Indian welfare. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu, Works Minister of Malaysia. ...

In 2006, Samy Vellu successfully ousted his long-time deputy, Dato' S Subramaniam and replaced him with Dato G Palanivel. The process was done through the 2006 party elections.

Education Welfare

More than 10,000 students have obtained loans and scholarships totalling about RM60mil in the past 20 years from the Maju Institute of Education Development (MIED) fund, the education arm of the MIC.^{[citation needed]}

The party sponsored the Nesa Multipurpose Cooperative and the MIC Unit Trust as part of its programme for economic ventures, and also set up the MIC Education Fund for members’ children and the Malaysian Indian Scholarship for higher education.^{[citation needed]}

Ninth Malaysia Plan

MIC as the main party representing Malaysian Indians, has succeeded in getting the government to make a statement that the government would help Indians to achieve 3% equity by the year 2020 in the business sector as a measure of equitable equity distribution, although the expectation was that the target ought to be achieved in the year 2010.^{[citation needed]} No mechanism be had been identified so far on the achievement of the above object in the above plan.^{[citation needed]}

Private University Project

The Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) is the major ongoing project by MIC. It has already commenced operations and is offering a range of science and technology-based programmes including Medicine.^{[citation needed]}

It was founded on March 15, 2001, by the Maju Institute of Educational Development (MIED), the educational arm of the MIC.^{[citation needed]}

MIC and Malaysian Indians

As an ethnic political party like the many other parties in the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional, MIC claims to represent the Malaysian Indians for its part. However its effectiveness as a champion of Malaysian Indians is yet to be seen. Lack of skills in leadership, teamwork, finance, planning, project management and the previous failure of MIC sponsored RM 100 million MAIKA Holdings project and infighting among its leaders had cost the party and Indians dearly. Its records in social development and bringing progress to the Indians in the country has been feeble.

The MIC has been largely limited to have just one cabinet minister since the country obtained its independence in 1957, whereas the number of Chinese and Malay Ministers have been increasing eversince.

In the recent Ninth Malaysia Plan for example, while the MIC wanted to have a plan for Indians to achieve 3% equity in the business sector by 2010, the Malaysian Government responded with deferred target to be reached by the year 2020, with no specific action plans in place to make it possible. The number of Tamil schools have dwindled since independence. Destruction of Hindu temples on the basis of expansion of roads or illegal construction is commonplace while proper allocation of land for temple grounds or approval for temple building is an extreme rarity. University intake of Indian students, specially in professional courses, has been dwindling. No statistics available, even from the MIC, on the number of Indian children not enrolled in schools. Even the number of Tamil school teachers are inadequate. Lack of social and economic progress is also reflected in the increasing crime rate in the country prompting even the Police to comment that the Indian prison inmates are disproportionately high.

There is no clear vision or concerted action plan coming forth from the MIC on improving the Indians in the country.

References

• Goh, Cheng Teik (1994). Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics. Pelanduk Publications. ISBN 967-978-475-4.
• Pillai, M.G.G. (Nov. 3, 2005). "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence". Malaysia Today.
• The Star (Aug 2, 2006): "Education a Key MIC Thrust"; M. Krishnamoorthy

External links

• Official web site
• Official Web Site of Putera M.I.C

v • d • e Political parties in Malaysia
National Front:	United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) - Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) - Malaysian People's Movement Party (Gerakan) - Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) - People's Progressive Party (PPP) - United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB) - Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP) - Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) - United Sabah Party (PBS) - Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) - United Sabah People's Party (PBRS) - United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) - Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP) - Sarawak People's Party (PRS)
Alternative Front:	Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) - People's Justice Party (PKR)
Other parties:	Democratic Action Party (DAP) - Malaysian People's Party (PRM) - Malaysian Workers' Party (PPM) - Malaysian Dayak Congress (MDC) - Pan Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) - Sarawak National Party (SNAP) - Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) - United Pasok Nunukragang National Organization (PASOK) - Community Coalition Congress (CCC) - Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU) - United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA) - State Reform Party (STAR) - Malaysian People's Justice Front (AKIM) - Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP) - All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (AMIPF) - Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM) - Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) - Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)

^{Superscript text} Political parties in Malaysia lists political parties in Malaysia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malaysia. ... Barisan Nasional (National Front or BN) is a political coalition in Malaysia. ... The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu in Malay, is the largest political party in Malaysia and a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition, which has ruled the country uninterrupted since independence. ... MCA Flag The Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia, MCA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǎ Huá Gōng Huì; Cantonese: Ma Wah Koong Wui) is a political party in Malaysia, made up of Chinese Malaysian and one of the three major parties that make up the ruling Barisan Nasional, or National... The Malaysian Peoples Movement Party (Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia) formed on 24th March 1968, is a liberal party in Malaysia. ... The Peoples Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The United Traditional Bumiputera Party (Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The Sarawak United Peoples Party (Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Majuh Sabah) is a political party in Sabah, Malaysia. ... The Parti Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik) is a Chinese minority political party in Sabah, Malaysia. ... The Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (United Sabah Peoples Party) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation is a political party based in Sabah, east Malaysia. ... Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party is a political party in Malaysia. ... The Sarawak Peoples Party (Parti Rakyat Sarawak) is a political party in Malaysia. ... Barisan Alternatif (BA, Alternative Front in Malay) is a coalition of Malaysian opposition parties, formed as a counterweight to the ruling Barisan Nasional. ... The Islamic Party of Malaysia (commonly known as PAS or Pas, from the Malay Parti Islam SeMalaysia) is an Islamist political party in Malaysia and is currently headed by Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang. ... This article is about the Peoples Justice Party of Malaysia. ... Democratic Action Party (DAP) logo The Democratic Action Party (DAP, Parti Tindakan Demokratik in Malay) is Malaysias largest secular and Socialist opposition party. ... The Malaysian Peoples Party (PRM, Parti Rakyat Malaysia in Malay) is a former Malaysian political party. ... The Malaysian Workers Party (Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia) is a leftist political party in Malaysia. ... Malaysian Dayak Congress (MDC) is a political party in Malaysia representing the Dayak indigenous population. ... The Pan Malaysian Islamic Front (Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia, often known by its acronym Berjasa) is a political party in Malaysia. ... The Parti Bangsa Dayak Sarawak (Sarawak Native Peoples Party) is a political party in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. ... [1] Parti Sosialis Malaysia (Socialist Party of Malaysia) Parti Sosialis Malaysia (also known as PSM), is a political party in Malaysia. ...