Malcolm IV (Máel Coluim mac Eanric)
Malcolum Deo Rectore Rex Scottorum Malcolm, by God's Rule King of the Scots Mael Coluim Cennmor, mac Eanric, ardri Alban Malcolm the Great Chief, son of Henry, High-King of Scotland
Reign	27 May 1153–9 December 1165
Born	April 23 x May 24, 1141[1]
	Scotland
Died	9 December 1165
	Jedburgh
Buried	Dunfermline Abbey
Predecessor	David I
Successor	William I
Father	Earl Henry
Mother	Ada de Warenne

Malcolm IV (or Máel Coluim mac Eanric) (April 23 x May 24, 1141–9 December 1165), King of Scots, was the eldest son of Earl Henry (d. 1152) and Ada de Warenne. The original Malcolm Canmore, a name now associated with his great-grandfather Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, he succeeded his grandfather David I, and shared David's Anglo-Norman tastes. Image File history File links Malcolm_iv. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - Battle of Lincoln. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... Jedburgh (Referred to locally Jeddart or Jethart) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders. ... Dunfermline Abbey and Church - illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902 Dunfermline Abbey is the remains of a great Benedictine abbey founded in 1070 by Queen Margaret, wife of Malcolm Canmore and granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, King of England. ... Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... Ada de Warenne or Adeline de Varenne ( c. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - Battle of Lincoln. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... Ada de Warenne or Adeline de Varenne ( c. ... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Called Malcolm the Maiden by later chroniclers, a name which may incorrectly suggest weakness or effeminacy to modern readers, he was noted for his religious zeal and interest in knighthood and warfare. For much of his reign he was in poor health and died unmarried at the age of twenty-four. The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ...

Rex designatus

David I (left) with the young Malcolm IV (right).

Earl Henry, who had perhaps been seriously ill in the 1140s, died unexpectedly at Newcastle or Roxburgh on 12 June 1152, in the Northumbrian domain which David and he had done much to attach to the Scots crown in the decades of English weakness after the death of Henry I of England. Unlike the death of William Adelin in the White Ship, which had left Henry I without male heirs, Earl Henry had three sons. Thus, although his death damaged David's plans, and made disorders after his death very likely indeed, it was not a disaster.^[2] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... Historically, the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh (Gaelic: Rosbrog), in the Scottish Borders, was an important trading burgh in the economy of Scotland. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans Eleanor of Aquitaine has her marriage to Louis VII annulled May 18 - Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry of Anjou Church of Ireland acknowledges Popes authority Almohad Dynasty conquers Algeria Establishment of the archbishopric of Nidaros (Trondheim), Norway... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Henry I (c. ... William Adelin (1103 – November 25, 1120) was the only legitimate son of Henry I of England and his wife Maud of Scotland. ... The White Ship, a twelfth century vessel, sank in the English Channel near the Normandy coast off Barfleur, on November 25, 1120. ...

As the eldest of Earl Henry's sons, although only eleven years old, Malcolm was sent by his grandfather on a circuit of the kingdom, accompanied by Donnchad, Mormaer of Fife, styled rector, perhaps indicating that he was to hold the regency for Malcolm on David's death. Donnchad and Malcolm were accompanied by a large army.^[3] As it turned out, Donnchad did not long survive David, holding the regency for a year before his death in 1154. Mormaer Donnchad I , 1133 – 1154, (anglicized as Duncan or Dunecan), was the first Gaelic magnate to have his territory regranted to him by feudal charter, by David I in 1136. ... The Mormaer or Mormaerdom of Fife refers to the Gaelic lordship of Fife which existed in Scotland until 1371, and continued as a non-Gaelic Earldom/County thereafter. ... Regent, from the Latin, a person selected to administer a state because the ruler is a minor or is not present or debilitated. ...

Rivals and neighbours

Malcolm's grandfather died at Carlisle on 24 May 1153, and Malcolm was inaugurated as king three days later, on 27 May 1153, at Scone, then aged twelve.^[4] The king-making ceremony took place before the old king was buried, which might appear hasty, but Malcolm was not without rivals for the kingship. , Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. ... For the foodstuff see Scone (bread). ...

The Orkneyinga Saga claims William son of William fitz Duncan, it calls him "William the Noble", was the man whom "every Scotsman wanted for his king".^[5] As William fitz Duncan married Alice de Rumilly in about 1137, young William can only have been a youth, perhaps a child. There is no sign that William made any claims to the throne. He died young, sometime in the early 1160s, leaving his sizable estates to his three sisters.^[6] Of William's other sons, Bishop Wimund had already been blinded, emasculated and imprisoned at Byland Abbey before David's death, but Domnall mac Uilleim, first of the Meic Uilleim, had considerable support in the former mormaerdom of Moray. The Orkneyinga saga (also called the History of the Earls of Orkney) is an unique historical narrative of the history of the Orkney Islands from their capture by the Norwegian king in the 9th century onwards until about 1200 AD. The saga was written around 1200 AD by an unknown... William fitz Duncan is a modern anglicisation of either the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan or the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada. ... Wimund was a bishop who became a sea-faring war-lord adventurer in the years after 1147. ... The ruins of Byland Abbey Early History Byland Abbey in Yorkshire was founded as a Savigniac abbey in January 1135 and was absorbed by the Cistercian order in 1147. ... The Meic Uilleim (MacWilliams) were the Gaelic descendants of William fitz Duncan, grandson of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, king of Scots. ... The Mormaerdom or Kingdom of Moray (Middle Irish: Muireb or Moreb; Medieval Latin: Muref or Moravia; Modern Gaelic:Moireabh) was a lordship in High Medieval Scotland that was destroyed by King David I of Scotland in 1130. ...

Another would-be king, imprisoned at Roxburgh since about 1130, was Máel Coluim mac Alisdair, an illegitimate son of Alexander I. Máel Coluim's sons were free men in 1153. They could be expected to contest the succession, and did so. Alexander I (Alasdair mac Maíl Coluim) (c. ...

As a new king, and especially as a young one, Malcolm could also expect challenges from neighbours, Somerled, King of Argyll, Fergus, Lord of Galloway and Henry II, King of England foremost among them. Only Rognvald Kali Kolsson, Earl of Orkney, of Malcolm's neighbours was otherwise occupied with crusading, and his death in 1158 brought the young and ambitious Harald Maddadsson to sole power in the north. Somerled (Old Norse Sumarliði, Scottish Gaelic Somhairle) was a military and political leader of the Scottish Isles in the 12th century who was known in Gaelic as ri Innse Gall (King of the Hebrides). Somerled first appears in historical chronicles in the year 1140 as the regulus, or King... Argyll, archaically Argyle (Airthir-Ghaidheal in Gaelic, translated as [the] East Gael, or [the] East Irish), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Fergus of Galloway was King, or Lord, of Galloway from an unknown date (probably in the 1110s), until his death in 1161. ... Galloway (Scottish Gaelic, Gall-Ghàidhealaibh or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) is an area in southwestern Scotland. ... Henry II of England 5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Ragnvald Kale Kollson was a Norwegian saint. ... Earl of Orkney - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... The Lewis chessmen an iconic image of Scandinavian Scotland in Harald Maddadssons time. ...

The first opposition to Malcolm came in November of 1153, from the combination of a neighbour, Somerled of Argyll, and family rivals, the "sons of Malcolm", that is of Máel Coluim mac Alisdair. This came to little as Somerled soon had more pressing concerns, firstly his war with Goraidh mac Amhlaibh which lasted until 1156 and secondly, perhaps, a conflict with Gille Críst, Mormaer of Menteith, over Cowal.^[7] Support for the sons of Máel Coluim mac Alisdair may also have come from areas closer to the core of the kingdom, for two conspirators are named by chroniclers, one of whom died in trial by combat in February 1154.^[8] Godfred V, also known as king Goraidh mac Amhlaibh and Guthrod Olavssonn (died November 10, 1187) was King of the Isle of Man and the Isles from 1153 – 1158 and King of Man from 1164 – 1187, much of the kingdom being lost in the strife after him becoming deposed and... Gille Críst is the first known Mormaer (in Scotland, a regional or provincial ruler, equivalent to Latin comes, French comte and English earl) of Menteith, but almost certainly not actually the first. ... The Mormaer or Mormaerdom of Menteith was, after the Mormaerdom of Buchan, the first Mormaerdom in the High Medieval Kingdom of the Scots to pass into the hands of a foreign famlily, likewise the Comyns. ... Cowal is a peninsula of Argyll in the Scottish Highlands. ...

In 1157, it is reported, King Malcolm was reconciled with Máel Coluim MacHeth, who was appointed to the Mormaerdom of Ross, which had probably been held by his father.^[9] The Mormaer or Mormaerdom of Ross refers to a medieval Gaelic lordship in northern Scotland, roughly between the Oykell and the Beauly. ...

Malcolm and Henry

Malcolm was not only King of Scots, but also inherited the Earldom of Northumbria, which his father and grandfather had gained during the wars between Stephen and Empress Matilda. Malcolm granted Northumbria to his brother William, keeping Cumbria for himself. Cumbria was, like the earldoms of Northumbria and Huntingdon, and later Chester, a fief of the English crown. While Malcolm delayed doing homage to Henry II of England for his possessions in Henry's kingdom, he did so in 1157 at Chester. Here Henry refused to allow Malcolm to keep Cumbria, or William to keep Northumbria, but instead granted the Earldom of Huntingdon to Malcolm, for which Malcolm did homage.^[10] Stephen (c. ... Empress Matilda (February 1102 – September 10, 1167; sometimes Maud or Maude), also called Matilda, Countess of Anjou or Matilda, Lady of the English, was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... Cumbria (IPA: ), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. ... Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. ... The Earldom of Chester is one of the few palatine earldoms in England. ... , For the larger local government district, see Chester (district). ... Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. ...

After a second meeting between Malcolm and Henry, at Carlisle in 1158, "they returned without having become good friends, and so that the king of Scots was not yet knighted."^[11] In 1159 Malcolm accompanied Henry to France, serving at the siege of Toulouse where he was, at last, knighted. "Whether this was the act of a king of Scots or of an earl of Huntingdon we are not told; it was certainly the act of a man desperate for knightly arms, but that did not make it any more acceptable in Scotland."^[12] , Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ... New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc  (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics Land...

Malcolm returned from Toulouse in 1160. At Perth, Roger of Hoveden reports, he faced a rebellion by six earls, led by Ferchar, Mormaer of Strathearn, who besieged the king.^[13] Given that Earl Ferchar heads the list of those named, it is presumed that Donnchad II, Mormaer of Fife, was not among the rebels.^[14] John of Fordun's version in the Gesta Annalia appears to suggest a peaceful settlement to the affair, and both Fordun and Hoveden follow the report of the revolt and its ending by stating that the king led an expedition into Galloway where he eventually defeated Fergus, Lord of Galloway and took his son Uchtred as a hostage while Fergus became a monk at Holyrood, dying there in 1161.^[15] While it was assumed that the earls included Fergus among their number, and that the expedition to Galloway was related to the revolt, it is now thought that the earls sought to have Malcolm attack Galloway, perhaps as a result of raids by Fergus.^[16] Perth (Scottish Gaelic: ) is a royal burgh in central Scotland. ... Mormaer Ferchar (fl. ... The Mormaer or Mormaerdom of Strathearn was the most important Mormaerdom in the High Medieval Kingdom of the Scots after the Mormaerdom of Fife. ... Mormaer Donnchad II (anglicized as Duncan or Dunecan) succeeded his father Donnchad I as a child. ... The Mormaer or Mormaerdom of Fife refers to the Gaelic lordship of Fife which existed in Scotland until 1371, and continued as a non-Gaelic Earldom/County thereafter. ... John of Fordun (d. ... Galloway (Scottish Gaelic, Gall-Ghàidhealaibh or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) is an area in southwestern Scotland. ... Picture of Fergus in a MS of Ferguut, a derivative text based on the Roman de Fergus from the Netherlands. ... Uchtred mac Fergusa (c. ... The name Holyrood may refer to: the official seat of the Scottish Parliament, or the Scottish Parliament Building Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh Holyrood Park near Edinburgh, facing the palace one of the areas of Edinburgh Holyrood is an anglicisation of the Scots haly ruid (holy cross). ...

Some time before July 1163, when he did homage to Henry II, Malcolm was taken seriously ill at Doncaster.^[17] Scottish sources report that a revolt in Moray brought Malcolm north, and it is said that he For other places with the same name, see Doncaster (disambiguation). ...

Having made peace with Henry, replaced Fergus of Galloway with his sons, and resettled Moray, only one of Malcolm's foes remained, Somerled, by 1160 king of the Isles as well as of Argyll. In 1164, Somerled led a large army of Islesmen and Irishmen to attack Glasgow and Renfrew, where Walter Fitzalan had newly completed a castle. There Somerled and his son Gillebrigte were killed in battle with the levies of the area, led by the Bishop of Glasgow, probably Herbert of Selkirk at that time. The chronicles of the day attributed the victory to the intercession of Saint Kentigern.^[19] Nebuchadnezzar has several meanings: Nebuchadnezzar (also Nebuchadrezzar), the name of several kings of Babylonia: Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon, the best known of these kings, who conquered Aram and Israel. ... For other uses, see Babylon (disambiguation). ... The Mounth is the range of hills on the southern edge of Strathdee in northeast Scotland. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Renfrew (Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is a small town, located six miles west of Glasgow on the west coast of Scotland. ... Walter Fitzalan born before 1114, died ca. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... Herbert of Selkirk was a 12th century Tironensian monk, who rose to become 3rd Abbot of Selkirk-Kelso and bishop of Glasgow. ... Saint Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern, traditional apostle to Strathclyde and patron saint and alleged founder of the city of Glasgow. ...

Death and Posterity

Malcolm died on December 9, 1165 at Jedburgh, aged twenty-four. His premature death may have been hastened by osteitis deformans.^[20] While his contemporaries were in no doubt that Malcolm had some of the qualities of a great king, later writers were less convinced. The compiler of the Annals of Ulster, writing soon after 1165, praises Malcolm: is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events November 23 - Pope Alexander III enters Rome. ... Jedburgh (Referred to locally Jeddart or Jethart) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders. ... Bold text X-ray of Pagets disease Pagets disease, otherwise known as osteitis deformans, is a chronic disorder that typically results in enlarged and deformed bones. ... The Annals of Ulster are a chronicle of medieval Ireland. ...

Likewise, William of Newburgh praises Malcolm, "the most Christian king of the Scots", highly in his Historia Rerum Anglicarum.^[22] William of Newburgh (1136?-1198?), also known as Nubrigensis, was a 12th century English historian, and monk, from Yorkshire. ...

None the less, Malcom was not well regarded in all quarters. The Gesta Annalia remarks

According to legend, he had a daughter who was betrothed to Henry, Prince of Capua, on the latter's deathbed, but this is false as Malcolm had no heirs. His mother formulated a plan for a marriage to Constance, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, but Malcolm died before the wedding could be celebrated.^[24] Henry (Arricus or Arrico) (1160 – 1172) was the youngest and second surviving son of William I of Sicily by Margaret of Navarre. ... Conan III of Cornwall (1070-1148) was duke of Brittany, from 1112 to his death. ...

It is difficult, given the paucity of sources, to date many of the reforms of the Scoto-Norman era, but it appears that Malcolm continued the reforms begun by his grandfather and granduncles. The sheriffdoms of Crail, Dunfermline, Edinburgh, Forfar, Lanark and Linlithgow appear to date from Malcolm's reign, and the office of Justiciar of Lothian may also date from this period.^[25] Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Crail Harbour. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... Forfar is a town and former royal burgh of approximately 13,500 people, located in the unitary authority of Angus in Scotland. ... This article describes the town in Scotland. ... Linlithgow town in the background, the Loch in the mid-ground with the Palace in the foreground Linlithgow (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Iucha, Scots Lithgae) is a town and Royal Burgh in Scotland. ... The Justiciar of Lothian (in Norman-Latin, Justiciarus Laudonie) was an important legal office in the High Medieval Kingdom of Scotland. ...

Malcolm founded a Cistercian monastery at Coupar Angus, and the royal taste for continental religious foundations extended to the magnates, as in Galloway, where the Premonstratensians were established at Soulseat by 1161.^[26] The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin Cistercenses), otherwise Gimey or White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which is worn a black scapular or apron) are a Catholic order of monks. ... Coupar Angus is a town in Perthshire, Scotland, situated on the A94 road five miles south of Blairgowrie. ... The Norbertines, also known as the Premonstratensians (OPraem) and in England, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), are a Christian religious order of Augustinian canons founded at Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Saint Norbert, afterwards archbishop of Magdeburg. ... Saulseat or Soulseat Abbey was a Premonstratensian monastic community located in Wigtownshire, Galloway, in the Gaelic-speaking south-west of Scotland. ...

Notes

William of Newburgh (1136?-1198?), also known as Nubrigensis, was a 12th century English historian, and monk, from Yorkshire. ... Roger of Hoveden, or Howden (fl. ...

References

Alan Orr Anderson (1879-1958) was a Scottish historian and compiler. ... Geoffrey W.S. Barrow DLitt FBA FRSE is an English-born Scottish historian and academic, born at Headingley in Leeds. ... John of Fordun (d. ... William Forbes Skene (1809–1892), Scottish historian and antiquary, was the second son of Sir Walter Scotts friend, James Skene (1775–1864), of Rubislaw, near Aberdeen, and was born on June 7 1809. ... Richard Oram is a Scottish historian and freelance author. ...

External links

• CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach and Innisfallen, the Lebor Bretnach and the Chronicon Scotorum among others. Most are translated or translations are in progress.
• Orkneyinga Saga at Northvegr

v • d • e Monarchs of Scotland (Alba)

Traditional List of Monarchs of the Picts Legendary Monarchs • Drest of the Hundred Battles • Talorc I • Nechtan I • Drest II • Galan • Drest III • Drest IV • Gartnait I • Cailtram • Talorc II • Drest V • Galam Cennalath • Bruide I • Gartnait II • Nechtan II • Cinioch • Gartnait III • Bruide II • Talorc III • Talorgan I • Gartnait IV • Drest VI • Bruide III • Taran • Bruide IV • Nechtan IV • Drest VII • Alpín I • Óengus I • Bruide V • Cináed I • Alpín II • Talorgan II • Drest VIII • Conall • Caustantín • Óengus II • Drest IX • Eogán • Ferat • Bruide VI • Cináed II • Bruide VII • Drest X University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork - or more commonly University College Cork (UCC) - is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland located in Cork City. ... Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... Simon II de Senlis (d. ... Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ... Look up Alba in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The list of kings of the Picts is based on the Pictish Chronicle which survives in a late copy and did not record the dates the kings reigned. ... Drest or Drust, son of Erp, is a legendary king of the Picts whose reign is recorded in the king lists of the Pictish Chronicle. ... Talorc son of Aniel was a king of the Picts. ... Nechtan son of Erip was a king of the Picts. ... Drest Gurthinmoch was a king of the Picts. ... Galan Erilich was a king of the Picts. ... Drest son of Uudrost or son of Uudrossig was a king of the Picts. ... Drest son of Girom was a king of the Picts. ... Gartnait son of Girom was a king of the Picts. ... Cailtram son of Girom was a king of the Picts. ... Talorc son of Muircholach was a king of the Picts. ... Drest son of Munait was a king of the Picts. ... Galam Cennalath (died 580) was a king of the Picts. ... Bridei (or Brude), called MacMaelchon, was king of the Picts from 556 to 586 after the abdication of his cousin, Galam II. He was baptised by St Columba about 564. ... Gartnait (Gartnait son of Domelch in the Pictish Chronicle king lists) (died 597) was king of the Picts. ... Nechtan grandson of Uerb,[1] was king of the Picts from 597 to around 620. ... Cinioch, named Cínaed mac Luchtren in the Irish Annals, was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from c. ... Gartnait son of Foith or son of Uuid (died 637) was a king of the Picts. ... Bruide son of Foith or son of Uuid (died 642?) was a king of the Picts. ... Talorc son of Foith or son of Uuid (died 653) was a king of the Picts. ... Talorcan mac Enfret (died 657) was a King of the Picts (653–657). ... Gartnait (Gartnait mac Domnaill or Gartnait mac Dúngail) (died 663) was king of the Picts. ... Drest (Drest mac Domnaill or Drest mac Dúngail) was king of the Picts from 663 to 672. ... King Bridei III (or Bridei map Beli; O.Ir. ... Taran, son of Ainftech was a King of the Picts (692-96)[1] according to the Pictish king-lists. ... Bridei IV (Gaelic: Bridei mac Derile) was king of the Picts from c. ... Nechtan IV (also known as Nechtan mac Derile) was king of the Southern Picts from 706-724, and a member of the Strathclyde Dynasty. ... Drest was king of the Picts from 724 until 726 or 729. ... Alpín was king of the Picts in the 720s, together with Drest. ... This is the royal figure on the St Andrews sarcophagus. ... Bridei V (Gaelic: Bruide mac Fergusa ) was king of Fortriu from 761 until 763. ... Ciniod son of Uuredech (Old Irish: Cináed mac Feredaig; English: Kenneth son of Feredach) was king of the Picts. ... Alpín son of Uuroid (Old Irish: Alpín mac Feredaig) was king of the Picts. ... Talorgan (Scottish Gaelic: Talorgen mac Óengusa) was a king of the Picts. ... Drest son of Talorgan (Scottish Gaelic: Drust mac Talorgan), was king of the Picts from 782 to 787, succeeding his father Talorgan. ... Conall mac Taidg was a king in Scotland in the years around 800. ... Caustantín (Scottish Gaelic: Caustantín mac Fergusa) was king of Dál Riada and king of the Picts or Fortriu, in modern Scotland, from 789 until 820. ... Óengus (Scottish Gaelic: Óengus mac Fergusa), alternative translations: Onuist, Hungus or Angus, was king of Dál Riada and Fortriu from about 820 until 834. ... Drest mac Caustantín was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from about 834 until 836 or 837. ... Uen (Scottish Gaelic: Eógan or (dim. ... Ferat son of Bargoit (died 842?) was king of the Picts, perhaps from 839 onwards. ... Bridei (Scottish Gaelic: Bridei) son of Uurad was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, in c. ... Ciniod (Scottish Gaelic: Cináed) was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, ruling in c. ... Bridei (Scottish Gaelic: Brude) was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from c. ... Drest (Scottish Gaelic: Drust) was king of the Picts from before 845 until 848, a rival of Cináed mac Ailpín. ... Traditional List of Monarchs of the Scots Cináed I • Domnall I • Causantín I • Áed • Giric • Domnall II • Causantín II • Máel Coluim I • Idulb • Dub • Cuilén • Cináed II • Causantín III • Cináed III • Máel Coluim II • Donnchad I • Mac Bethad • Lulach • Máel Coluim III • Domnall III Bán • Donnchad II • Domnall III Bán • Edgar • Alexander I • David I • Máel Coluim IV • William I • Alexander II • Alexander III • First Interregnum • John • Second Interregnum • Robert I • David II • Robert II • Robert III • James I • James II • James III • James IV • James V • Mary I • James VI* • Charles I* • Charles II • The Covenanters • The Protectorate • Charles II* • James VII* • Mary II* • William II* • Anne* The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ... Cináed mac Ailpín (after 800–13 February 858) (Anglicised Kenneth MacAlpin) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots. ... Domnall mac Ailpín (died 13 April 862) was king of the Picts from 858 to 862. ... Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836-877), son of King Kenneth I of Scotland, became King of Scots and King of the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I of Scotland. ... Áed (Áed mac Cináeda) (died 878) was a son of Cináed mac Ailpín. ... Giric of Scotland was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ... Donald II of Scotland (Domnall mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 889 to 900. ... Causantín mac Áeda (anglicised Constantine II) (before 879–952) was king of Alba from 900 to 943. ... Malcolm I of Scotland Máel Coluim mac Domnaill (anglicised Malcolm I) (before 900–954) was king of Scots, becoming king when his cousin Causantín mac Áeda abdicated to become a monk. ... Indulf (Scottish: Idulb mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 954 until 962, although there is no record of his coronation, if there ever was one. ... King Duff (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), was king of Scotland from 962 to 967. ... Cuilén mac Iduilb (died 971) was king of Scots from 967 to 971. ... Cináed mac Maíl Coluim (before 954–995) (Anglicised Kenneth MacMalcolm) was King of Alba. ... Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuilén) was king of Scotland from 995 to 997. ... Cináed mac Duib (anglicised Kenneth III) (before 967–1005) was King of Scots from 997 to 1005. ... Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (anglicised Malcolm II) (c. ... Donnchad mac Crínáin (Anglicised Duncan) (born 15 August 1001 died 14 August 1040)[1] was king of Alba. ... For other uses, see Macbeth (disambiguation). ... Lulach (Lulach mac Gilla Comgain) (c. ... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... Domnall mac Donnchada or Domnall Bán (anglicised Donald III) (c. ... Duncan II (1060?- November 12, 1094) was king of Scotland and a son of Malcolm III and his first wife Ingibiorg and therefore a grandson of Duncan I. For a time he lived as a hostage in England and became king of the Scots after driving out his uncle, Donald... Domnall mac Donnchada or Domnall Bán (anglicised Donald III) (c. ... Edgar of Scotland (Etgair mac Maíl Coluim) (1074 – January 8, 1107 ), was king of Scotland from 1097 to 1107. ... Alexander I (Alasdair mac Maíl Coluim) (c. ... Linguistic division in early twelfth century Scotland. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... Coronation of King Alexander on Moot Hill, Scone. ... The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ... King John, his crown and sceptre symbolically broken as depicted in the 1562 Forman Armorial, produced for Mary, Queen of Scots. ... The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ... Robert I, King of Scots (Mediaeval Gaelic:Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; 11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), usually known in modern English as Robert the Bruce, was King of Scotland from 1306 until his death in 1329. ... David II (March 5, 1324 – February 22, 1371) king of Scotland, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d. ... Robert the warrior and knight: the reverse side of Robert IIs Great Seal, enhanced as a 19th century steel engraving. ... Robert III (circa 1340 – April 4, 1406), king of Scotland (reigned 1390 - 1406), the eldest son of King Robert II by his mistress, Elizabeth Mure, became legitimised with the formal marriage of his parents about 1349. ... James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as King of Scots from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) was King of Scots from 1488 to his death. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... Mary I (popularly known as Mary, Queen of Scots: French: ); (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587) was Queen of Scots (the monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland) from December 14, 1542, to July 24, 1567. ... James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... James VI of Scotland (James I of England) was opposed by the Covenanters in his attempt to bring the Anglican Church into Scotland The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century. ... Motto PAX QUÆRITUR BELLO (English: Peace is sought through war) Anthem Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Language(s) English; Irish; Scots Gaelic; Welsh Government Republic Lord Protector  - 1653-1658 Oliver Cromwell  - 1658-1659 Richard Cromwell Legislature Parliament (1st, 2nd, 3rd) History  - Instrument of Government December 16, 1653  - Resignation of... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 – Kensington Palace, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III... * also monarch of Ireland and England Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy...