The Malians were a people in antiquity, who lived at the mouth of the river Spercheios in Greece. Their language was Indo-European^{[citation needed]}. The Malian Gulf is named after them. In the western valley of the Spercheios, their land was adjacent to the Ainians. Their main town was Trachis. Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. ... The Spercheios (Greek: Σπερχειός, Latin: Spercheus) is a river in Thessaly, Greece. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ... Trachis was a landscape in ancient Greece. ...

In the town of Anthele, the Malians had an important temple of Demeter, an early centre of the delphinian Amphictiony. Ceres (Demeter), allegory of August: detail of a fresco by Cosimo Tura, Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara, 1469-70 Demeter was a god of the ancient greeks. ... The Amphictyonic League (Amphictyony) was a form of Greek Hellenic religious organization that was formed to support specific temple or sacred place. ...

In 426 B.C., the Malians asked Sparta for help in their war against the Oitaians. The Spartans then founded the town Heracleia Trachinia in place of Trachis. In the following decades, the Malians were under the hegemony of Sparta until they revolted against Sparta in the Corinthian War. In this war, they lost their land south of the Spercheios, Herakleia Trachis was given to the Oitaians, and Lamia become the new capital of the Malians. Sparta (Doric: Spárta, Attic: Spártē) is a city in southern Greece. ... Combatants Sparta, Peloponnesian League Athens, Argos, Corinth, Thebes, and other allies Commanders Agesilaus and others Numerous The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states; Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos; which were initially backed by... Look up lamia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Together with the Oitaians and the Ainians, the Malians became members of the Corinthian League and, in 235 B.C., the League of Aetolia. In 189 B.C. they were joined to Achaia Phthiotis and since that time the Malians were regarded as Thessalians. The League of Corinth was a federation of Greek states created by Philip II of Macedon during the winter of 338 BC/337 BC to facilitate his use of Greek military forces in his war against Persia. ... The ancient Region of Aetolia, Greece Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania. ... Map showing Thessaly periphery in Greece Thessaly (Θεσσαλια; modern Greek Thessalía; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is one of the 13 peripheries of Greece, and is further sub-divided into 4 prefectures. ...