Malleability is a physical property of matter, signifying its capability of deformation, especially by hammering or rolling. Malleability is an important issue in for example stamping and form pressing materials such as metals and plastics.
A malleable encryption algorithm allows transformations on the ciphertext to produce meaningful changes in the plaintext. That is, given a plaintextP and the corresponding ciphertextC = E(P), it is possible to generate C1 = f(C) so that the decryption of C1 is a function P1 = f'(P) of the original plaintext P, with arbitrary but known functions f and f'. Stream ciphers are examples of malleable encryption algorithms.
The National Mall refers specifically to the land stretching from the grounds of the Washington Monument to the United States Capitol directly to the east.
However, the term commonly includes the areas that are officially part of West Potomac Park and Constitution Gardens to the west, and often is taken to refer to the entire area between the Lincoln Memorial and the Capitol, with the Washington Monument providing a division slightly west of the center.
The National Mall is accessible via Washington Metro, with the Smithsonian station located on the south side of the mall, near the Washington Monument.
The Mall (pronounced 'mal', not 'maul') in London is the road running from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Admiralty Arch and on to Trafalgar Square at its eastern end.
Running off The Mall at the eastern end is Horse Guards Parade, where the ceremony of the Trooping of the Colour occurs.
The Mall was created as a ceremonial route in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, matching the creation of similar ceremonial routes in other cities, such as Washington DC, St.Petersburg, Paris, Berlin and Vienna.
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