Malonic acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH₂(COOH)₂. The ionised form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates. For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's ethyl ester. The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple. Image File history File links Malonic_acid. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate... The molecular mass (abbreviated MM) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate... The acid dissociation constant (Ka), also known as the acidity constant or the acid-ionization constant, is a specific equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with its conjugate base in aqueous solution [1]. // When an acid dissolves in water, it partly dissociates forming hydronium ions and its conjugate... The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... There are millions of possible objects that can be described in science, too many to create common names for every one. ... Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds that are substituted with two carboxylic acid functional groups. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... In chemistry, a carboxyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl (-OH) group, typically written as -COOH: where R is a hydrogen or an organic group. ... “Multivalent” redirects here. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) Salt covering the floor of Bad Water in Death Valley, CA, the lowest point in the US. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral... Diethyl malonate (DEM) has the structure (EtOOC)(CH2)(COOEt) Reactions Malonic ester synthesis DEM → monosubstituded acetic acid See also barbituric acid Categories: Malonates ... Ethyl is a two-carbon substituent in organic chemistry. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Biochemistry

The calcium salt of malonic acid occurs in high concentrations in beetroot. General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 40. ... A beet (called beetroot in the United Kingdom and its former colonies, as well as table beet, garden beet, blood turnip or red beet) is a plant of the genus Beta of which both the leaves and root are edible. ...

 succinate dehydrogenase in the citric acid cycle. 

Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase also called succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex found in the matrix part of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... Overview of the citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle, after Hans Adolf Krebs who identified the cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part...

Organic synthesis

A classical preparation of malonic acid starts from acetic acid ^[1]. This acid is chlorinated to chloroacetic acid. Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to the cyano acetic acid salt in a nucleophilic substitution. The nitrile group can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate and acidification affords malonic acid. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. ... Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) Salt covering the floor of Bad Water in Death Valley, CA, the lowest point in the US. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral... Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic chemical compound, also known as sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogran. ... In chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a class of substitution reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks a molecule and replaces a group or atom, called the leaving group. ... A nitrile is any organic compound which has a -C≡N functional group. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound reacts with water. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. ...

Organic reactions

In a well known reaction malonic acid condenses with urea to barbituric acid. Malonic acid is frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid. A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis when water is lost) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, often water, methanol, or a type of hydrogen... Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ... Barbituric acid or malonylurea or 4-hydroxyuracyl is an organic compound based on a pyrimidine heterocyclic skeleton. ... Enol (or, more officially, but less commonly: alkenol) is an alkene with hydroxyl group on one of the carbon atoms of the double bond. ... The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is a organic reaction named after Emil Knoevenagel. ... In chemistry, acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketones. ... Meldrums acid or 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione is an organic compound. ...

External links

• MSDS http://physchem.ox.ac.uk [1]
• MSDS http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu [2]

References

1. ^ Malonic acid Nathan Weiner Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.376; Vol. 18, p.50 Online article