Throughout the history of the Muslim world there have been a number of Mameluk dynasties:
The Mameluk dynasty in India ruled from New Delhi between 1211 and 1290
The Mameluk dynasty in Baghdad ruled that city and surrounding areas until 1832
There were two Egyptian Mameluk dynasties the Bahri dynasty from 1250 to 1382 and the Burgi dynasty from 1382 until 1517. Mameluk rule as a vassal of the Ottoman continued in Egypt until 1811. See also: History of Ottoman Egypt.
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A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid during the Middle Ages.
Mamluks were to follow the dictates of furusiyya, a code of conduct that included values like courage and generosity but also doctrine of cavalry tactics, horsemanship, archery and treatment of wounds.
Mamluks fought well at Battle of Austerlitz on December 2, 1805 and the regiment was granted a standard and a roster increased to accommodate a standard bearer and a trumpet.
The founder of the dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a Turkish ex-slave of the Aybak tribe who rose to command the armies and administer the territory of Muhammad Ghori in India.
Iltutmish married Qutb-ud-din's daughter, and all but one of the later sultans of the dynasty were his descendants, including his daughter, Razia, who reigned for four years.
After the brief reigns of Balban's grandson and great-grandson, the Slave dynasty was overthrown by Jalal-ud-din Feroz Khalji of the Khalji dynasty, who had established themselves in Bihar and Bengal in Muhammad Ghori's reign.
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