The effective annexation in 1931 of the Manchukuo territory by Japan gave it an area suitable for arable farming, such as scarcely existed in metropolitan Japan, or other, generally mountainous parts of the Empire of Japan. The country was primarily agricultural in character, although with some urbanization. Farm products in Manchukuo included soy beans, millet, wheat, rye, and rice. The south plains are fertile. It has been suggested that Manchukuo (administration) be merged into this article or section. ... In geography, arable land is a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for growing crops. ... The Empire of Japan (大日本帝国; Dai-Nippon/-Nihon Teikoku) commonly refers to Japan from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II. Politically, it covers the period from the enforcement of establishing prefectures in place of feudal domains (廃藩置県; Hai-han Chi-ken) in July 14, 1871, through... Binomial name Glycine max Soybeans (US) or soya beans (UK) (Glycine max) are a high-protein legume (Family Fabaceae) grown as food for both humans and livestock. ... Nutrition information for one cup of cooked millet Millet is the collective name of a group of genera of the grass family(Gramineae/Paniceae) widely grown around the world for food or animal feed. ... Species T. boeoticum T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp. ... Binomial name Secale cereale References: ITIS 42089 2002-09-22 Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop. ... Species References ITIS 41975 2002-09-22 Rice (genus Oryza) is a plant of the grass family which is a dietary staple of more than half of the worlds human population. ...

This article looks at non-industrial sectors of the economies of Manchukuo and Mengjiang. Mengjiang, (蒙疆 in pinyin: Měngjiāng; in Wade-Giles: Meng-chiang; Postal Pinyin: Mengkiang), Meng Chiang, also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was a puppet state in northern China (consisted of Chahar and Suiyuan provinces) controlled by Japan. ...

Forestry products

Lumber and the wood industry were important in Manchukuo. In the Jehol and Kirin provinces are found great expanses of various types of forest. From 1911 to 1931 Chinese lumberjacks began to work there; during the Manchu imperial times the total volume of cut wood was some 2,500,000,000 cubic meters. The forest exploitation took place mostly in the Yalu and Sungari river areas; their tributaries permitted transport by river to woodworking centers in Andong, Kirin and Harbin cities. On the Tumen and other northern rivers if employed how transport ways too. The normal production before 1939 was 4 million cubic meters per year. Uses were: railways ties, cellulose paste (for paper), as forKarafuto rayon production, and export to Japan, Russia and Central and Northern China. A similar pattern may have occurred in Mengjiang. Rehe (热河 or 熱河 pinyin: Rèhé, lit. ... For the mythical beast of Japanese culture see the article concerning the Chinese Qilin. ... The Yalu (Amnok) River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... The Songhua River (松花江 song4 hua1 jiang1) is the largest tributary of the Amur River, flowing about 1,800 km from Changbai Mountains. ... A tributary (or affluent or confluent) is a contributory stream, a river that does not reach the sea, but joins another major river (a parent river), to which it contributes its waters, swelling its discharge. ... Andong is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Harbin on Chinas map Harbin (Simplified Chinese: 哈尔滨; Traditional Chinese: 哈爾濱; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ha-erh-pin; Russian Харби́н Kharbin) is a sub-provincial city in north-east China and the capital of the Heilongjiang Province. ... Tumen was the part of decimal system used by Turkic, Proto-Turkic (such as the Huns) and by Mongol peoples for their army. ... Karafuto (樺太, literal meaning: Fat Birch, Ainu: Karaputo or Kraftu),(in German:Sachalin or Karafuto)(in French:Karafouto or Sakhaline),(in Spanish:Karafuto or Sakhalin)(in english:Karafuto or Sakhalin)(in Russian:Sakhalin or Saghalien),(in Manchu:Saghalien),(in Korean:Fu-Sang(?)),(in Chinese:Ku-Ye-Dao), formerly known as... See Raion for a subnational entity. ...

Hunting

In the mountains there are many species of animals which can be hunted for their skins, for meat, or for sport. This area corresponds with the currentHeilongjiang province.this situation if similar in Mengjiang too. Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江省; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江省; pinyin: Hēilóngjiāng; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Mengjiang, (蒙疆 in pinyin: Měngjiāng; in Wade-Giles: Meng-chiang; Postal Pinyin: Mengkiang), Meng Chiang, also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was a puppet state in northern China (consisted of Chahar and Suiyuan provinces) controlled by Japan. ...

Coastal, river and lake fishing

The rivers Amur, Sungari, Nonni, Mutang-Kiang, Ussuri, Liao, Yalu and Tumen, and the lakes Khanka, Buir-Nor and Hulun-Nor are all important sources of fish. Those include trout, salmon, and perch. With the exception of the Buir-Nor and Hulun-Nor lakes, these can be used only in months when they are free of snow. The latter lakes are useful fish sources for residents in Khingan Province near the Russian-Mongolia frontier area, and were a cause of frontier disputes. The Amur (Russian: Амур) (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hēilóng Jiāng, literally meaning Black Dragon River) (Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River) (Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the worlds ten longest rivers, located between the Russian Far East and Manchuria of... The Songhua River (松花江 song4 hua1 jiang1) is the largest tributary of the Amur River, flowing about 1,800 km from Changbai Mountains. ... The Ussuri River (Chinese: Wūsūlǐ Jīang 乌苏里江, Russian: река Уссури) is a river in south east Russia, flowing north, forming part of the Chinese border, to the Amur River. ... Liaoning (Simplified Chinese: 辽宁; Traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Yalu (Amnok) River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... Tumen was the part of decimal system used by Turkic, Proto-Turkic (such as the Huns) and by Mongol peoples for their army. ... Khanka Lake (Russian: ), known as Xingkai Lake in China, is a transboundary water body located on the border between Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China and Russia (at 45°0′ 0 N°132′ 25). ... Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Trout is the common name given to a number of species of freshwater fishes belonging to the salmon family, Salmonidae. ... The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow up to 58 long and 126 pounds. ... For the unit of measurement, see pole. ...

The annual catch in rivers and lakes was 25,000 tonnes. Sea fishing was in the Po-Hai Gulf and Yellow Sea areas. It included codfish, shrimp, sea bream, lobster, and crab. Bo Hai (Chinese: 渤海; pinyin: Bóhăi; Wade-Giles: Po-hai lit. ... The Yellow Sea (in North and South Korea, it is also called the West Sea (strangely not disputed like East Sea) is the northern part of the East China Sea, which in turn is a part of the Pacific Ocean. ... Species Gadus morhua Gadus macrocephalus Gadus ogac Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of fishes, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes. ... Superfamilies and families Alpheoidea Alpheidae - snapping shrimps Barbouriidae Hippolytidae Ogyrididae Atyoidea Atyidae Bresilioidea Agostocarididae Alvinocarididae Bresiliidae Disciadidae Mirocarididae Campylonotoidea Bathypalaemonellidae Campylonotoidae Crangonoidea Crangonoidea Glyphocrangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Galatheacarididae Nematocarcinoidea Eugonatonotidae Nematocarcinidae Rhynchocinetidae Xiphocarididae Oplophoroidea Oplophoridae Palaemonoidea Anchistioididae Desmocarididae Euryrhynchidae Gnathophyllidae Hymenoceridae Kakaducarididae Palaemonidae Typhlocarididae Pandaloidea Pandalidae Thalassocarididae Pasiphaeoidea Pasiphaeidae Physetocaridoidea Physetocarididae Procaridoidea... Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... Sections Dromiacea Raninoida Heterotremata Thoracotremata The term crab is often applied to several different groups of short (nose to tail) decapods with thick exoskeletons, but only members of the Brachyura are true crabs; other taxa, such as hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, king crabs, and horseshoe crabs are, despite superficial similarities...

Agriculture in Manchukuo and Mengjiang

Wheat Spring Region

• precipitation: 25 in (635 mm)
• Growning Epochs for days:196
• Land cultivated: 22,054 mile² (57,120 km²)
• Total percentage of cultivated land: 13-18%
• Total percentage of arrended peasants: 6%
• cultivated area per farm: 7.3 acres (30,000 m²)
• peasant population density in principal farming:858/mile² (331/km²)

Product by sector

• Wheat: 18%
• Maize: 34%
• Irish potatoes: 10%

Livestock

• Oxen: 21%
• Donkeys: 15%
• Sheep: 28%
• Mule: 11%

Means of transport

• Beasts of burden: 76%
• Carts: 38%
• River boats: 13%

Fruits and typical products

• Nuts and pears.

Soy bean and Kaoliang Manchu Region

• precipitation: 25 in (635 mm)
• Growning Epochs for days: 150
• Land cultivated: 50,000 mile² (130,000 km²)
• Total percentage of cultivated land: 5 to 20%
• Total precentage of arrended peasants:?
• cultivated surface per farm: 8.0 acres (32,000 m²)
• peasant population density in principal farming: 800/mile² (309/km²)

Percentages and distribution surface of products

• Wheat: 10%
• Maize: 15%
• Soy bean: 10%
• Kaoliang: 25%

Fruits and typical products

• Pears

Land cultivated in both areas

Manchukuo

(per provinces):

• Heilungkiang:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 5.2% -Land cultivated per person: 1.84 acres (7,450 m²)

• Kirin:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 14.4% -Land cultivated per person: 1.19 acres (4,820 m²)

• Liaoning:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 16.8% -Land cultivated per person: 0.76 acres (3,080 m²)

• Jehol:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 6.1% -Land cultivated per person: 0.83 acres (3,360 m²)

Meng Chiang

(per provinces):

• Chahar:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 4.1% -Land cultivated per person: 1.30 acres (5,260 m²)

• Suiyuan:

-Percentage total of land cultivated: 3.7% -Land cultivated per person: 1.40 acres (5,670 m²)

Total yields of products

In bushels per acre, except cotton in kilograms. A bushel is a unit of volume, used (with somewhat different definitions) in the systems of Imperial units and U.S. customary units. ...

China---Japan---India---Soviet Union---USA

• Rice: 67 68 29 -- 47
• Wheat: 16 25 11 10 14
• Corn: 21 22 15 15 25
• Maize: 19 36 -- 16 22
• irish Potatoe:87 139 -- 128 108
• Cotton Packs:168 199 80 188 177

In Chientao or Yenki Manchu district the Korean Colony dedicated to rice extense cultivation too.

Additional data on Manchukuo agriculture

In Manchukuo the cultivable land was estimated as 300,000 square kilometres, principally in the central plain. Agriculture employed 85% of the total population. The farming more extend are Kaoliang (70%), others are Corn and maize (70%),Wheat(80%) and overall Soybean (35%). Manchus farmes practiced the rotation of crops more frequently with primitive cultive methods. Before at WWII the total production of farmings are: 4,800,000 Tonnes of Kaoliang, 4,600,000 tonnes of Soybean,1,000,000 of tonnes of wheat, 3,000,000 of tonnes of Corn and 3,900,000 tonnes of maize. In 1940 the production ampled with others farmings how: 650,000 tonnes of rice, 1,370,000 tonnes of rye, oats, barley, Sarracein wheat, and 377,000 tonnes of legumes and pulses. Kaoliang is a distilled liquor, made from fermented sorghum. ... Growing the same crop repeatedly in the same place eventually depletes the soil of various nutrients. ...

Other products produced in quantity were: tobacco, hemp, cotton, peanuts, lupulus, sesame, sugar beet, indigo, opium (for special uses), Apples, pears, peaches, apricots, nuts, chestnuts, forage, alfalfa, onions, garlic, sweet potatoes, col, cucumber, giant radish, thyme, ricine, etc. In Amur land (Manchu side) was collected much honey (1,800 tonnes). Species N. glauca N. longiflora N. rustica N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of 2002-08-28 Tobacco () is a broad-leafed plant of the nightshade family, indigenous to North and South America, whose dried and cured leaves are often smoked (see tobacco smoking) in the form of... U.S. Marihuana production permit, from the film Hemp for Victory. ... Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... Peanuts book cover Peanuts was a syndicated comic strip written and drawn by American cartoonist Charles M. Schulz. ... Binomial name Sesamum indicum Sesame (Sesamum indicum)is a crop grown primarily for its seeds. ... Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... This article is about the color. ... Opium is a narcotic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy . ... Species Medicago arabica Medicago heldreichii Medicago hybrida Medicago laciniata Medicago littoralis Medicago lupulina Medicago minima Medicago monantha Medicago monspeliaca Medicago orbicularis Medicago polymorpha Medicago praecox Medicago rigidula Medicago rugosa Medicago ruthenica Medicago sativa Medicago scutellata Medicago secundiflora Medicago truncatula Medicago turbinata Ref: ITIS 183622 as of 2002-07-31 Alfalfa... Binomial name Ipomoea batatas Linnaeus, This article is about the plant. ...

In Manchukuo Japanese experts installing one industry for use the Soybeans, with average production of 1,50,000 tonnes, of which half was exported to Europe, and the crude oil paste for fertilizer and soybeans for food sent to japan. The rest of plant are use in Cellulose factories.

From the Kaoliang and Corn are fabricated liquors, joining at local Vodka, Sake, Beers, soybean juices, vinegar. The modern wheat and flour industry stay radicated in Harbin, from russian times apart of primitive mills in other areas.

Harvests in Manchukuo and Meng Chiang

exist one great harvestry in Manchukuo, with much domestics animals in houses or great properties. the Japanese experts having great efforts for increased production with the introduction of well foreign species. pigs, cattle, sheep,etc proportioned milk, meat, leather. From sheep obtain more wool, and for transport if harvest oxen, donkeys, heavy horses, etc.in Hsingan province exist the presence of horses and Bactrian camels and Heilungkiang ans Kirin provinces if currently the use of Snow Dogs for aid to transport of trainers.

Other interestings products in manchukuo are the Silk worm and the Salvage Silk or Tussah(tussor) Worm. the first needed the white moral for obtain your aliment for growning and produced your silk and the second needed the Quercus Mongolica and other species of Oaks for making your Tussah silk. both products are collect for japanese for dying and export to europe and america or sent as raw material to these markets. the worms in grounw (Cocoon) are sent to China and Japan too the production of Tussah Silk or Pongee stay in Kaiping and Antung(LiaoningProvince) and the Silk Worm stay in Kwantung (Kantoshu) and South Manchurian Railway zone and Chosen.

Others Japanese analyses of Manchu agriculture

The more complete farming develop occurred in one zone of 150 to 250 km of length, extend from the Liaotung Gulf to Northwest. In 1934 if calculated one total comprend between 120,000 and 160,000 km². The respective quantities correspondent to principal crops in 1934 are: Liaodong Bay is one of the three bays forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. ...

• Soybean: 28%---------------------Corn: 9%
• Other legumes: 2%-------------Wheat: 7%
• Kaoliang:(Zahine-Sorgum): 23%----Rice: 2%
• Mice: 18%------------------------Other crops: 11%

Soybean

the principal cultive in land. the first exportation are realized in 1908 to England. the soybean economical expansion if atrubited in great part at South Manchurian Railway Company, which invested large funds in its development and its direct export from Dairen abroad, in particular to China and japan proper. In Manchukuo there were many types of processing mill. In 1933 to 1934 having one important reduction of more 4,000 square kilometres in cultive extensions and production lowest of 4-6 millions to 3.84 million tonnes. The South Manchuria Railway Company (Japanese: 満鉄）; Mantetsu) was a company founded by Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and operated in Japanese-occupied Manchuria. ...

Cotton

If precise giving more push to Cotton crop. regulary if produced ones 120,000 kilograms of mediocre quality and stimed why are needed ones 90,000 tonnes for obtain beneficts.

Opium

It is complicated to explain and evaluate the importance of the opium poppy, grown to obtain opium. In November 1932 there was organized a state monopoly, with the Mitsui Zaibatsu conglomerate, for farming this product with "declared intention" of reducing its vicious local use. poses fixed cutivation areas in Jehol and northwest Kirin. for 1934-35 your cultivation area are valued in 480 square kilometres with yield of 1.1 t/km². exist much crop ilegally and your heavy lucrative can to because for retarded the effective suppresion of these dangerous drug. Binomial name Papaver somniferum The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the type of poppy from which opium and all refined opiates such as heroin are extracted, as well as an important food item. ... Opium is a narcotic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy . ... In economics, government monopoly is a form of coercive monopoly, in which a government agency is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law. ... Mitsui (三井) is one of the largest corporate conglomerates (Keiretsu) in Japan and one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world. ...

Summary

in general the facts, analizes and numbers of Agriculture, Fishings woodworkings, hunting and harvestings covered in approximate form at Manchoukou and Menchiang realities of these topics. Japanese treated to developed these areas with much effort and difficulties and obtain somes dividends for these efforts and installing certain industries relationed too. if probably why Japanese in future can to gain more for these heavy work too, but the situation of Chinese Mainland and Pacific areas during Pacific War retarded these efforts and finally this are definitively stopped with Russian Soviet Invasion in August 1945.