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The term mandarin is not, in its western usage, applied indiscriminately to all civil and military officials, but only to those who are entitled to wear a button, which is a spherical knob, about an inch in diameter, affixed to the top of the official cap or hat.
The mandarinlanguage is the Chinese, which is spoken in official and legal circles; it is also spoken over a considerable portion of the country, particularly the northern and central parts, though not perhaps with the same purity.
Mandarin duck (anas galericulata) and Mandarin orange (citrus nobilis) possibly derive their names, by analogy, from the sense of superiority implied in the title mandarin.