Manfred Joshua Sakel, Polish neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, was born on June 6, 1900, in Nadvorna, in the former Austria-Hungary Empire (now Ukraine). Sakel studied Medicine at the University of Vienna from 1919 to 1925, specializing in neurology and neuropsychiatry. In 1933 he became a researcher at the University of Vienna's Neuropsychiatric Clinic, but was forced to immigrate to the United States in 1936, when the National Socialist Party came to power in Austria. In the USA, he became an attending physician and researcher at the Harlem Valley State Hospital. Manfred Sakel - Public domain, copyright expired File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Nadvorna (Ukrainian: Надвірна; Polish: Nadwórna; Russian: Надворная; also known a Nadwirna, Nadvirna, and Nadvornaya) is a city located in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Medicine is a branch of health science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease. ... University of Vienna Main Building The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) in Austria was founded in 1365 by Rudolph IV and hence named Alma mater Rudolphina. ... Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and disorders affecting it. ... There have been a number of groups calling themselves the National Socialist Party or similar names. ...

Dr. Sakel was the discoverer of the insulin coma therapy for schizophrenics and other mental patients in 1927, while a young doctor in Vienna. He noted that insulin-induced coma and convulsions, due to the low level of glucose attained in the blood (hypoglicemic crisis) was effective in improving the mental state of drug addicts and psychotics, sometimes dramatically so. His findings indicated that up to 88 % of his patients improved with insulin shock therapy, and his method became widely applied for many years in mental institutions worldwide (in Europe it is still used, under the name "Sakel's Therapy"). In the USA and other countries it has been largely replaced by electroconvulsive therapy and other means of treatment, This article is about the medical term. ... Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. ... The structure of insulin Red: carbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulfur. ... In medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a profound state of unconsciousness, which may result from a variety of conditions including intoxication (drug, alcohol or toxins), metabolic abnormalities (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, etc. ... A space-filling model of glucose Glucose, a simple monosaccharide sugar, is one of the most important carbohydrates and is used as a source of energy in animals and plants. ... Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are present in the blood and help carry oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). ... Drug addiction, or dependency is the compulsive use of drugs, to the point where the user has no effective choice but to continue use. ... Psychosis is a psychiatric classification for a mental state in which the perception of reality is distorted. ... Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock or ECT, is a controversial type of psychiatric shock therapy involving the induction of an artificial seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain. ...

Dr. Sakel died on December 2, 1957, in New York City, NY, USA. December 2 is the 336th day (337th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... City nickname: The Big Apple Location in the state of New York Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg Area  - Land  - Water 1,214. ...

Reference

Fink M. - Meduna and the Origins of Convulsive Therapy. American Journal of Pshychiatry, 141(9): 1034-1041, 1984. This historical and biographical papers discusses the introduction of the shock treatment in psychiatry, the role of a theory of the biological antagonism between epilepsy and schizophrenia, and the contributions of Meduna, Sakel, Cerletti, and Bini. Ugo Cerletti (September 26, 1877 - July 25, 1963) was born in Conegliano, in the region of Veneto, Italy, on September 26, 1877. ... Lucio Bini (1908-1964) was an Italian psychiatrist and professor at the University of Rome, Italy. ...

Source

The History of Shock Therapy in Psychiatry (http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n04/historia/shock_i.htm)
By: Renato M.E. Sabbatini, PhD
Brain & Mind Magazine (http://www.cerebromente.org.br/), August/September 1997
Reprinted by permission. Renato M.E. Sabbatini Renato Marcos Endrizzi Sabbatini, Brazilian biomedical and computer scientist, educator, science writer, entrepreneur and administrator, born in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 20 February 1947. ...