The Manitoba Schools Question was a political crisis in Manitoba and more generally in Canada in the late 19th century involving publicly funded separate schools for French and English and the deeper question of whether French would survive as a language or a culture in Western Canada. Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th... A separate school is a publicly funded school which includes religious education in its curriculum, as opposed to a private school or public school. ...

The end result of the question was that by the end of the 19th century, French was no longer supported as an official language in most western Canadian provinces which in turn led to a strenthening of French Canadian nationalism in Quebec. Quebec nationalism is the subject of many international studies together with the contemporary nationalism of Scotland, Catalonia and other non-sovereign regions of the world. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

History

Manitoba became the fifth province to join Confederation in 1870, after negotiations between Canada and the provisional Red River government of Louis Riel. The act of parliament which created the province, the Manitoba Act, created a system of denominational schools similar to the one used in the province of Quebec. We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Louis Riel. ... The Manitoba Act was an Act of the Parliament of Canada, and was given Royal Assent on May 12, 1870. ... Religious education teaches the doctrines of a religion. ...

Soon before the Manitoba Act was passed to create the province, settlers from English Canada, mainly Ontario, began to arrive in even greater numbers than they had come prior to the Red River Rebellion (which was, in part, a reaction against them). Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total)  Ranked 4th 1,076... The Métis provisional government The Red River Rebellion or Red River Resistance are the names given to the events surrounding the actions of a provisional government established by Métis leader Louis Riel in 1869 at the Red River Settlement in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba. ...

The Manitoba Act had given equal rights to English language, Protestant schools, and French language, Roman Catholic schools, but by the 1880s this no longer reflected the linguistic makeup of the province. Many Métis had left, and settlers from Quebec were not as numerous as those from Ontario. As the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed in the 1870s and 1880s, many more English speaking settlers had begun to arrive. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Métis (pronounced MAY tee, IPA: , in French or , in Michif ), also historically known as Bois Brule, Countryborn, or Black Scots, are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... An eastbound CPR freight at Stoney Creek Bridge in Rogers Pass. ...

One of the most vocal opponents of separate French and English schools was D'Alton McCarthy, who formed the Equal Rights Association in 1889. By "equal rights", McCarthy meant fairer representation in the province, instead of privileges for the diminishing French population. McCarthy was supported by Joseph Martin, attorney general of Manitoba. Dalton McCarthy (October 10, 1836 – May 11, 1898), or DAlton McCarthy, was a Canadian lawyer and parliamentarian. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Joseph Martin (September 24, 1852-March 2, 1923) was a lawyer and politician in British Columbia and Manitoba. ...

In 1890, Manitoba passed the Manitoba Schools Act, abolishing French as an official language of the province, and removing funding for Catholic schools. This was a contradiction of the Manitoba Act of 1870. Catholics in Manitoba, encouraged by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald, appealed to the province's Supreme Court, but the Schools Act was upheld. They then brought the case to the Supreme Court of Canada, which decided in favour of the original Manitoba Act. However, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain overruled them, favouring the Schools Act. Meanwhile, in 1892, the Northwest Territories also abolished French as an official language. 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, QC, DCL, LL.D was born on January 11, 1815 in Glasgow, Scotland. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: none Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłįchǫ [1] Government - Commissioner Tony Whitford - Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 - Senate seats 1 Confederation 1870...

Under the British North America Act, which created Canada in 1867, the federal government could still intervene despite the decision of the Privy Council (see Disallowance and reservation). The "Schools Question", as it was known, had divided the Conservative government since 1890, and especially after Macdonald's death in 1891 when no strong leader replaced him. In 1896, the government created a new school board for the Catholics; this was very unpopular with Protestant Tory Members of Parliament, and Prime Minister Mackenzie Bowell was forced to resign in April of that year. The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ... Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... In Canadian constitutional law, disallowance and reservation are constitutional powers to reject any bill passed by Parliament or any legislature in Canada on the authority of the Imperial Parliament. They were also used by the federal government to veto provincial laws. ... The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC , KCMG (December 27, 1823 – December 10, 1917) was the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896. ...

The election of 1896 was centred on the Schools Question. It especially divided Conservatives in Quebec and Ontario; Quebec was offended that French was being eliminated in western Canada, just as the French-speaking Métis population had been forced off their land, while Ontario saw opposition to Catholic support by the strong Orange Order. The Liberals, under Wilfrid Laurier (a French Catholic), took advantage of the division in the Conservative party, and Laurier became Prime Minister in 1896. The Canadian parliament after the 1896 election The Canadian federal election of 1896 was held on June 23, 1896 to elect members of the 8th Parliament of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Orangemen in traditional dress preparing to march The Orange Institution, more commonly known as the Orange Order, is a Protestant fraternal organisation based predominantly in Northern Ireland and Scotland with lodges throughout the Commonwealth and in the United States. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ... Sir Wilfrid Laurier, PC, GCMG, KC, BCL, DCL, LLD, DLitt, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier (November 20, 1841 – February 17, 1919) was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from July 11, 1896, to October 5, 1911. ...

Laurier developed a compromise with Thomas Greenway, Premier of Manitoba. They agreed that Catholic education would be permitted in public schools, and French would be used in teaching, but only on a school-by-school basis requiring there to be a minimum of 10 French speaking pupils. They also re-established a Catholic school board, but without government funding. Many Catholics were still opposed to this compromise, and even appealed to Pope Leo XIII. The Pope sent an observer, who concluded, like Laurier, that the compromise was the fairest one possible with so few Catholics left in the province. Thomas Greenway (March 25, 1838 – October 30, 1908) was a politician, merchant and farmer. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846–78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ...

As French was no longer an official language, its use declined greatly. By 1916, the guarantee of French instruction was removed from the compromise, leaving English as the only language in use in the province. 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

The Schools Question, along with the execution of Louis Riel in 1885, was one of the incidents that led to strengthening of French Canadian nationalism in Quebec in the late 19th century. Louis Riel. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Quebec nationalism is the subject of many international studies together with the contemporary nationalism of Scotland, Catalonia and other non-sovereign regions of the world. ...

References

• Clark, Lovell. ed The Manitoba School Question: majority rule or minority rights? (1968) historians debate the issue
• Morton, William Lewis. Manitoba: A History (1970) (ISBN 0-8020-6070-6), a standard scholarly history
• Marianapolis College: Quebec History and the Manitoba Schools Question. Chronology.