Manu Sharma after his release

Manu Sharma (b. 1977) or Siddharth Vashisht is the son of the India politician Venod Sharma and the convicted murderer of model Jessica Lall. His conviction on 18th December 2006 for this 1999 murder, after having been acquitted earlier, is considered one of the landmark judgments in Indian Law where a rich, powerful defendant was convicted. In the earlier, widely criticized trial, the court found many flaws in the prosecution and all charges were thrown out. The verdict led to a national outcry, leading to an appeal by the prosecution at the Delhi High Court, which sentenced him to life imprisonment while criticizing the lower court judgment. Image File history File links Manu-Sharma. ... Image File history File links Manu-Sharma. ... Venod Sharma is a leader of Indian National Congress party from Haryana. ... Jessica Lall was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead on April 29, 1999. ... (Redirected from 18th December) December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Indian Law is largely derived from English common law. ... The High Court of Delhi was established on October 31, 1966. ... Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the...

The son of a powerful politician and heir to a sugar mill fortune, Manu Sharma and his family bribed and pressurized witnesses, as revealed in a Tehelka sting operation^[1]. Most of the witnesses changed their testimony radically during the trial lasting seven years. Despite dozens of witnesses, Manu Sharma, along with seven other well-connected defendants, was acquitted of all charges by judge S.L. Bhayana on February 21, 2006^[2]. Tehelka is an Indian weekly newspaper under the editorship of Tarun Tejpal. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

That court decision left a situation where a prominent person was murdered in view of dozens of people, yet no one was being held liable. Wide public outcry led to the case being re-admitted in the Delhi High court in March 2006, where it was tried on a "fast track" basis. Around the same time, a media sting operation on some of the witnesses documented the processes by which witnesses had been threatened or bribed. In court, some of the witnesses were re-examined, and a spurious two-gun theory was thrown out, and Manu was found guilty on 18 December after 25 sittings.

This case is widely viewed as a litmus test of India's turning image. It is one of several where the high and mighty showed themselves to be above the Law in India (see Sanjeev Nanda). That the tides were changing was clear in the sentence handed out by the same High Court bench in the Priyadarshini Mattoo case. It is widely believed that more than anything else it is the relatively free press, and especially the new regional TV channels, that helped bring the case to a retrial, maintaining the faith of people in the Indian Judiciary. Indian Law is largely derived from the British Common Law. ... Sanjeev Nanda (b. ... Priyadarshini Mattoo (July 23, 1970 - January 23, 1996) was a 25 year old law student when she was found raped and murdered at her house in New Delhi on January 23, 1996. ...

Family Background

Manu Sharma is the son of wealthy and influential Haryana politician Venod Sharma of the Indian Congress Party. Venod Sharma, who had served as a Minister at the centre in the Narasimha Rao cabinet, was president of the Congress Party in Haryana at the time of the crime. Manu's uncle is the son-in-law of former president of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma and the family owns a number of sugar mills and entertainment businesses in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. For the town in Hoshiarpur district, see Hariana. ... Venod Sharma is a leader of Indian National Congress party from Haryana. ... Indian National Congress, Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (June 28, 1921 - December 23, 2004) was the ninth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... Shankar Dayal Sharma (August 19, 1918 - December 26, 1999) was the 9th President of republic of India serving from 1992 to 1997. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... , Chandigarh   (Punjabi: , Hindi: , pronunciation: ) also called The City Beautiful , is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ...

After the negative publicity following the murder, Venod Sharma was denied a congress ticket for the Parliamentary elections, but he managed to win an election to the state legislature in 2004 and was inducted into the State cabinet of as Minister of Power.

However after the Tehelka sting operation named him as being behind the bribes paid to key witnesses^[1], he resigned to national party chief Sonia Gandhi in October 2006^[3]. Sonia Gandhi (Hindi: , IPA: ), born Sonia Antonia Maino on December 9, 1946, is an Italian-born Indian politician, the President of the Indian National Congress and the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. ...

The murder

Main article: Jessica Lall

On April 29, 1999, the model Jessica Lall was shot dead while working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded party in Delhi. Manu Sharma, along with some friends, entered the restaurant around 2 AM, when the bar had just closed. Manu demanded liquor from Jessica, and when she refused they had an altercation. Several people present around the bar saw him fire twice, once in the air, and once at Jessica, and many witnesses testified to the police about Manu Sharma being the murderer. Jessica Lall was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead on April 29, 1999. ... Jessica Lall was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead on April 29, 1999. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ...

Also present at the party was Delhi Police Joint Commissioner Yudhvir Singh Dadwal (elevated to Commissioner in July 2007), but he was not present at the bar during the incident^[4].

Seven days after the murder, Manu Sharma surrendered to the police, and made a confession which was tape recorded. On October 2, 2006, the NDTV news channel obtained the audiotape of the confession and broadcast some segments from it: ^[5] NDTV (New Delhi Television Limited), founded in 1988, is Indias largest private television production house. ...

• Manu: There was Jessica Lall, I did not know her name.
  I was told even if you give a thousand bucks, I will not give a sip of wine and I said that we have got an arrangement there. I pulled out my pistol there
  ... and I fired one shot in the air.

• Police: Air?

• Manu: Yes, that is inside the Colonnade. So it went into the roof and nobody bothered, nobody moved. Then I pointed at Jessica and what I intended to do was I pointed slightly away from her so that I could see her hair, I wanted to generally shoot.

• Police: What was the idea?

• Manu: The idea at that time was to shoot in challenge. It was embarrassing to hear that even if I paid a thousand bucks I would not get a sip of drink.
  I pointed towards her a little and fired the shot. So I think I hit someone, I was just trying to see what had happened, when this lady comes up there.

• Police: What type of lady?

• Manu: Oldish, thin and she says you don't worry and stay here and then I realised something had happened. Then I could hear people saying somebody has shot.
  I knew I should move. I took a lift on scooter/motorcycle and I saw a little garden and sort of a dhaba and I put my pistol there. I took a hitch from a scooter, a Tata Safari and a tractor before I reached right in front of Tony's house.
  Alok and Vikas were all there by that time. When I inquired, they told me, "I think she is dead". I said single gunshot, he said, "yes". I said who is she – "Jessica Lall".

However, the Delhi Police made no attempt to formalize this statement in front of a magistrate or to obtain evidence based on this confession for the trial.

Eye witnesses accounts corroborated with this confession, and a consistent story emerged: Manu along with friends Amardeep Singh and Alok Khanna (at the time both were senior executives with Coca-Cola India), Vikas Yadav (son of notorious criminal and member of parliament D. P. Yadav and prime accused in the Nitish Katara murder case), and Amit Jhingan, had entered the bar after it had closed. Jessical Lal had rebuffed Manu's request for a drink. A powerful politician's son, Manu was unaccustomed to being denied. According to the testimony of Malini Ramani, another model serving at the bar with Jessica, Manu offered to pay Rs 1000 (several times the price of a drink): The wave shape (known as the dynamic ribbon device) present on all Coca-Cola cans throughout the world derives from the contour of the original Coca-Cola bottles. ... Dharam Pal Yadav is a mafia don turned politician in India. ... Nitish Katara was an executive in Delhi when he was murdered in the early hours of February 17, 2002. ...

"I told him that the bar was closed. Then he made a comment that 'I could have a sip of you for Rs 1000'".

At the end of this altercation, Manu brought out his 0.22 pistol from his pocket, and fired one shot into the air, and the second straight at Jessica's head; she eventually died a few hours later at the Apollo hospital.

The five friends fled immediately. Manu went into hiding for seven days, conferring with family, and initially his father apparently said "face the punishment, what can I do?"^[6] However, he subsequently started helping his son. Manu went underground in a house indicated by his father in South Delhi, and the pistol was disposed of (it was never recovered - what Manu Sharma told about it to the police is not known). After his surrender, one by one, all the statements by eyewitnesses, as well as Manu's own confession, were retracted or were thrown out by the court due to inadequate legal process.

The Trial Court

In the original trial, very few witnesses would come forward to depose. Eyewitnesses who initially claimed to have seen the murder, such as Shyan Munshi, Karan Rajput and Shivdas Yadav, all turned hostile. Increasingly, revelations in the media have been piecing together the story of the pressure, bribery and coercion that led to this reversal.

The Cover-Up

In July-September 2006, the magazine Tehelka carried out a three month long sting operation against these three key witnesses, which was aired in a leading Hindi News channel, where they traced the nature of bribes and threats that was used to intimidate the witnesses^[1]. Tehelka is an Indian weekly newspaper under the editorship of Tarun Tejpal. ...

One of the key witnesses was Karan Rajput, who was present at the restaurant to borrow money from his nephew, Jitendra, the manager at the bar. Rajput who had long been an alcoholic, was asked by his nephew to sit at a chair which happened to be facing the bar where Shayan and Jessica were making drinks. After the murder, Karan initially said he saw a boy in a white T-shirt come up to the bar and shoot Jessica. However, in the court testimony, he turned hostile, denying that he had been there at all.

After the incident Karan Rajput lived a life of parties and drinking bouts - although he had no job or other visible means of income. In January 2005, he died of cirrhosis of the liver. The Tehelka expose revealed ^[7] that Karan Rajput was a regular visitor to Venod Sharma's offices in Chandigarh and Okhla, Delhi where he would collect money. Kiran's friend Surendra told the Tehelka reporter how he would go with him; he feels that a total figure between Rs. 20 to 35 Lakhs was paid: Okhla Industrial Area or Okhla Industrial Estate is a industrial suburb of New Delhi in South Delhi and mainly divided in 4 phases namely Okhla Industrial Area Phase 1, Okhla Industrial Area Phase 2, Okhla Industrial Area Phase 3 and the main area called Okhla Village (Commonly known as the... A lakh (Hindi/Nepali : लाख, Urdu: Ù„Ú©Ú¾, Bengali: , Telugu : లక్ష, Tamil : இலட்சம்) is a unit in the Indian numbering system, widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Pakistan. ...

• Surendra: I saw him receiving money at Okhla.
• Question: Where at Okhla?
• Surendra: From Sharma’s place. In front of Okhla depot there is a building. Sharma owns entire building. We used to collect money from there itself.
• Question: How much money?
• Surendra: Whatever we needed.
• Question: Whatever you say?
• Surendra: Whatever we demand. We used to get 20-25 thousand every month just like that. His number is in mamu’s ( Karan Rajput) diary.
  ...
• Question: Would you accompany Rajput when he used to go to collect money ?
• Surendra: Yes.
• Question: How would they pay, cheque or cash?
• Surendra: Cheque.
• Question: How much money would come?
• Surendra: They gave twice in Nepal.
• Question: When you would go to Okhla was the amount fixed?
• Surendra: Later they fixed it at 20 thousand. Initially he would get 60 thousand, sometime up to one or two lakh. Sharma had taken his (Karan Rajput) life’s entire responsibility.

Another witness, the electrician Shivdas Yadav, was standing behind the bar when the murder occurred. In his initial statement, subsequently retracted, he also claimed to have witnessed the murder by Manu. At some point before the trial, Shivdas suddenly came into some money with which and opened an electrician's business in Uttar Pradesh. Recently, when a journalist from Tehelka called Shivdas posing to be Jessica Lall's grieving sister, Shivdas accepted ^[1] that his initial confession, and that of the others, were all true, and that he was scared of what might happen to him were he to tell the truth. , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA:  , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ...

A third witness, Shyan Munshi was right there, serving behind the bar with Jessica. He comes from an upper class family and it was initially hoped that he would be a reliable witness. In his initial statement, recorded with the police as his signed First Information Report, he said that both shots were fired by the same person. However, later in court he said that the document had been written in Hindi and he did not know Hindi, so he could not tell what he had signed. He then changed his story to say that Manu had only fired once, at the ceiling. The second shot, the one that killed Jessica, was fired by someone else, whom he could not describe. A First Information Report or FIR is a written document prepared by the police in India when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ...

Subsequently the media revealed that he knew Hindi well: he had acted in a number of Hindi-speaking films. When a reporter posing as a casting director for a foreign film venture approached him, he discussed nuances of Hindi grammar^[1]: "Like in Hindi word `car’ is feminine gender while in Bengali it’s neutral gender."

There were indications that the Delhi Police also may have introduced false forensic evidence, by switching one of the spent cartridges for another 0.22 one - subsequent tests indicated that the two cartridges had been fired from different guns. In view of the fact that the weapon was never recovered, other police officers questioned why the bullets were sent for testing at all. It is widely felt that the two-gun theory was built up with the help of the police, and based on Shyan Munshi's testimony. This article or section should be merged with Forensic science Forensic evidence consists of anything that can be used in a court of law to convict a person of a crime. ...

Acquittal

Sharma was acquitted of all charges in February 2006. Not a single trustworthy witness could be found, despite the fact that the murder had been committed in the presence of dozens of people at the bar of the Tamarind Court Cafe restaurant in Delhi. For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ...

All the witnesses who had originally claimed to have seen Manu Sharma shoot Jessica turned hostile during the six years of the court case. A witness who is called by and who testifies for the opposing party or, less frequently, who, when offering testimony adverse to the party who called him, may at request to the judge be termed a hostile witness, which means that the witness is then subject to direct questions in...

In Manu's native city, Chandigarh, no one was surprised at the acquittal. Until a few days before the judgment, 29-year-old Manu was seen attending parties in the town, and running his popular disco-cum-pub, Blue Ice, in the posh Sector 17 market. He has a reputation for throwing well-organized parties around town. Shortly after he was released on bail in 2003, there was a fight between employees of Blue Ice and some customers; Manu too was reportedly involved, but his name was dropped from the case and the disco’s manager was booked instead. , Chandigarh   (Punjabi: , Hindi: , pronunciation: ) also called The City Beautiful , is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ...

Media Pressure

Manu's acquittal caused widespread outrage. Appeals were sent to the President of India and other top officials, so that the case could be reopened, claiming that this was a brazen case of misuse of power and influence by people in high places. Even in the venal atmosphere of the criminal justice system in India where the art of buying/ intimidating/ cajoling witnesses and bribing investigating policemen is well known, the circumstances were deemed too shocking. The President of India (Hindi: Rashtrapati) is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ...

On March 22, 2006, the Delhi High Court admitted an appeal by the police against the Jessica Lal murder acquittals, issuing bailable warrants against prime accused Manu Sharma and eight others and restraining them from leaving the country. ^[8]

The further revelations in the media ^[6][1] rekindled hopes that additional evidence may now be presented for both the original crime as well as the cover-up - in terms of cheque payments and other connections. Also, Venod Sharma's mobile phone number was found among the numbers listed on Karan Rajput's mobile; these calls could also be traced.

The prosecution is under considerable pressure in the court cases. The media pressure is also telling on the key witnesses, especially Shyan Munshi. In May 2006, Shyan tried to illegally leave the country but was arrested at Kolkata airport. , “Calcutta” redirects here. ...

Venod Sharma Resigns

The media exposes, directly linking Venod Sharma to the key witnesses, led to calls for his resignation in the Parliament of India, particularly from the opposition party Indian Lok Dal. On October 6, 2006, Venod Sharma, succumbed to the pressure and resigned from the Congress ministry in Haryana. ^[6] Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of India The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. ...

High Court Judgement

The terms of the high court appeal was not a re-trial, but merely an appeal that the previous bench had not considered the evidence already presented.

On December 18, 2006, the High Court bench of Justice R S Sodhi and Justice P K Bhasin, in a 61-page judgement, held Manu Sharma guilty of murdering Jessica Lall. The judgement said that the lower court had been lax in not considering the testimony of witnesses such as Deepak Bhojwani: "With very great respect to the learned judge, we point out that this manner of testing the credibility of the witness is hardly a rule of appreciation of evidence... Obviously, this reflects total lack of application of mind and suggests a hasty approach towards securing a particular end, namely the acquittal." ^[9]

In particular, witness Shyan Munshi came in for serious criticism: he may be facing criminal proceedings. The judgement says, of his repudiating his own FIR: "[Munshi] is now claiming is that the said statement was recorded in Hindi while he had narrated the whole story in English as he did not know Hindi at all... We do not find this explanation of Munshi to be convincing." Regarding Munshi's testimony introducing the two-gun theory, the judgement says: "In court he has taken a somersault and came out with a version that there were two gentlemen at the bar counter. ... [W]e have no manner of doubt that on this aspect he is telling a complete lie... "^[10] All 32 witnesses who turned hostile were summoned to explain why they should not be tried for perjury. Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. ...

On December 20, the High Court bench sentenced Manu Sharma to life imprisonment, and he was ordered to pay a compensation of Rs 50,000 to Jessica's family. The court also awarded four-year jail terms to is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Vikas Yadav, son of gangster and former Rajya Sabha MP D. P. Yadav (Vikas is already in jail as an undertrial in Nitish Katara murder case), and
• former Coca Cola General Manager Amardeep Singh Gill

for their role in destroying evidence^[11]. Nitish Katara was an executive in Delhi when he was murdered in the early hours of February 17, 2002. ... This article is about the beverage. ...

Manu Sharma's lawyer, R K Naseem said the decision would be appealed in Supreme Court, because the judgement was wrong in holding Bina Ramani to have been an eyewitness.

References