Manx English, or Anglo-Manx, is the dialect of English which was formerly spoken by the people of the Isle of Man. It has many borrowings from the original Manx language, a Goidelic language, and it differs widely from any other English, including other Celtic-derived dialects such as Welsh English and Hiberno-English. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ... The Goidelic languages (also sometimes called, particularly in colloquial situations, the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) have historically been part of a dialect continuum stretching from the south of Ireland, the Isle of Man, to the north of Scotland. ... The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ... Welsh English, Anglo-Welsh, or Wenglish (see below) refer to the dialects of English spoken in Wales by Welsh people. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Early strata of Anglo-Manx contain much of Gaelic and Norse origin, but more recent Anglo-Manx displays heavy influence from Liverpool and Lancashire in North West England. A.W. Moore noted that the dialect varied to some slight extent from parish to parish and from individual to individual, but in the main the same turns of phrase and the same foundational stock of words pervaded the whole Island. Location within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Historic county Merseyside Lancashire Admin HQ Liverpool City Centre Founded 1207 City Status 1880 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Liverpool City Council Area  - Borough & City 43. ... Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total...

The best known recorder of the Anglo-Manx dialect was the poet, T.E. Brown. Thomas Edward Brown OKW (May 5, 1830 - October 29, 1897), British poet, scholar and divine, was born at Douglas, Isle of Man and educated at King Williams College. ...

In recent years, the Anglo-Manx dialect has almost disappeared in the face of increasing immigration and cultural influence from the United Kingdom. A few words remain in general use, but apart from the Manx accent, little remains of this dialect and it is seldom heard on the island in its original form today.

Sources such as A.W. Moore's A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect (Oxford University Press, 1924) and W.W. Gill's Manx Dialect Words and Phrases (J.W. Arrowsmith, 1934) document the dialect in the last stages before its decline from common use - few of the words noted are still in common parlance today.

Moore's work notes the specific patterns of pronunciation for words in the dialect, many of which are no longer present in the last vestiges of the Manx dialect thanks to the influence of mainstream English.

Modern Anglo-Manx lexicon

Some of the following terms surviving from the original Anglo-Manx dialect are still in occasional use today. The task of identifying dialectical usage is complicated by the large cross-over between Manx Gaelic, idiomatic usage and technical/organisational terms such as "advocate" and "deemster". Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ...

• Across - the UK mainland i.e. across the water
• At - in possession of - from Gaelic usage. "He's got a nice house at him".
• At all - in the least, whatever. "I don't know at all".
• Aye - yes
• Boy - common address from one male to another, originally an unmarried male (from Gaelic usage).
• Coalie - a coal fish
• Comeover - a non-Manx person living in the Isle of Man, usually used in a derogatory sense for someone perceived to have an inflated sense of self-worth.
• Fell - hill, of Scandinavian origin
• Feller/Fella - a man/mate (fellow), common to other dialects, but much more frequent in Anglo-Manx
• For - towards, to ; at the period of; wherefore, the reason why; in order to. "Are you for goin' ?" (From Gaelic usage (erson)).
• Gilpin - young fish of indeterminate species, especially callig
• Herrin - herring, pronounced the same as 'heron'
• Hey Boy - verbal greeting from one male to another
• Himself - the master of the house, the husband. "Is Himself in ?" (from gaelic usage)
• In - in existence. "The best that's in" - From Gaelic usage - direct translation of oan in it. there (is).
• Kirk - Church, used in parish names, of Scandinavian origin
• Mann - the Isle of Man - "Gaut made it, and all in Mann"
• Manxie - a Manx person or a Manx cat
• Mark - a fishing-ground distinguished by landmarks
• Middlin' - tolerable - an equivalent of the Manx "castreycair"
• Neck - impudence - "Oh, the neck of him !" (cf "Brass neck")
• Skeet - news, gossip, [possibly cognate with "skite" in English dialect] also to take a look at something. A partial translation from the Manx
• Skutch - a quantity of something - "There were a skutch of people there"
• Sowel - archaic form of address. "Poor Sowel!" (soul)
• Themselves - fairies
• Twenty Four - the House of Keys
• Ukered - knackered (as in tired)
• Up is used for going south, down for going north, out for going west
• Yessir - Recorded by A.W. Moore in 1924 as a "disrespectful form of addressing a boy or man", is used as an informal address to a local acquaintance in modern Anglo-Manx. Early 20th-Century sources suggest that its origin may lie in a contraction of "You,Sir", but Gaelic scholars have suggested that it is a hangover from "Ussey", the emphatic form of "You" in Manx Gaelic, which is used in a similar context. Not congruous with "Yes, Sir" in mainstream English.

Aye is a tiny village located near Marche-en-Famenne in Belgium. ... Kirk can mean church in general or the Church of Scotland in particular. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe and includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ... The Manx is a breed of cat with a naturally occurring mutation of the spine. ... The term skeet may refer to: A clay target. ... The House of Keys is the directly elected lower Branch of Tynwald the Parliament of the Isle of Man, the other of the two Branches being the Legislative Council. ...

Manx loanwords

Words of Manx Gaelic origin frequently cropped up in the original dialect, as did patterns of speech derived from Gaelic usage. In modern usage, much fewer words of Gaelic origin are used, symptomatic of the decline of Manx Gaelic in its later years. Manx (Gaelg or Gailck), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. ...

• Bollan Bane - mugwort
• Bonnag - a flat loaf of bread
• Bravvag - to warm the backs of the legs by the fire
• Broogh - a steep bank, a grassy cliff/headland
• Callig - the Pollack fish
• Chymlee - the actual Manx word for chimney
• Claddagh - floodplain
• Croggan - a horsefly
• Cronk - hill
• Cruinnaght - cultural gathering
• Curragh - an area of willow carr (swamp/bog)
• Cushag - ragwort, the National Flower of the Isle of Man
• Dub - a small hollow, damp area or pool
• Ellan Vannin - Isle of Man
• Ferrain - hogweed
• Garee - wasteland (sometimes mis-spelt 'garey' which means 'garden')
• Glen - a wooded valley (in correct Manx this is glioan)
• Gobbag pronounced "govag", literally a dogfish, but used to mean someone from the city of Peel - the stem of the word is gob, a slang word in Gaelic for mouth or nose (the use of gob in English comes from this Gaelic word).
• Hop-tu-Naa - Hallowe'en, possibly cognate with Hogmanay - in origin not a Gaelic word.
• Jarrood - from the Manx for "forget", people will speak of being "a bit jarrood"
• Jinney/Ginney/Jinny/Ginny - a stinging nettle
• Jough - a drink
• Keck - shit and derivative Keckin
• Keeill - a small church or chapel
• Mannin - Manx for Isle of Man - compare Ellan Vannin - Mannin is the genitive of Mannan, the name of the son of the god of the sea (Líor), Mananán Mac Lír.
• Mhelliah - a festival or party to celebrate harvest
• Moal - literally "slow", but used to mean "ill"
• Moaney - peat-land
• Mollag - a dogskin fishing float - "as fat as a Mollag" or "as full of wind as a Mollag"
• Qualtagh - the first person met on New Year's Day, first-foot.
• Sally/Sallie - a willow tree, where the placename Ballasalla derives, from the Manx Sailley - tr. willow.
• Skeeal - tr. story, news.
• Slaynt - health, cheers
• Tholtan - an abandoned farm
• Tramman - an elder tree

Binomial name Senecio jacobaea L. Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is found throughout Europe, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere. ... See also the Isle of Man (Nicobar Islands) and the Isle of Mam. ... A view of Peel from St Patricks Isle Peel is often called the only city in the Isle of Man because it is the home of the Islands cathedral; legally it is the fourth largest town on the island after Douglas, Onchan and Ramsey. ... Hop-tu-Naa is a Celtic festival celebrated in the Isle of Man on 31 October. ... Halloween (disambiguation). ... Hogmanay (pronounced — with the main stress on the last syllable - hog-muh-NAY) is the Scots word for the last day of the year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year (Gregorian calendar) in the Scottish manner. ... Look up Shit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... // keeill (variations - keill) is a Manx Gaelic word for a church or chapel. ... In Irish mythology, Manannan mac Lir was a sea and weather god. ... This article is about January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ... First-Foot, in British folklore, especially that of the north and Scotland, the first person who crosses the threshold on Christmas or New Years Eve. ... Ballasalla is a village on the Isle of Man, close to the town of Castletown. ... Farms, East of Gorgan, Iran. ...

Other

• Tynwald - the Manx parliament, from Norse 'Thingvollr'

Tynwald (Tinvaal in Manx) is the bicameral legislature of the Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin). ...

Superstitions and word replacement

Because of the unpredictable nature of weather in the Irish sea, fishing could be a dangerous business - sailors were consequently very superstitious and it was considered taboo to use certain words or behaviours (using the word "conney" for rabbit, or whistling, for example) whilst on board ship. Some names were substituted for others - "rat" became "long-tailed fella".

This has evolved into a modern superstition where the word "rat" (roddan in Manx) is considered unlucky, even when not used aboard ship. This may have originally been used in a jokey fashion, but seems to have been adopted in modern times by those who wish to make themselves sound "more Manx" by adopting this mannerism & indeed is often quoted as typical Manx behaviour even though the old Manx had few qualms about using the word. In reality this is a rather warped version of the original sea-taboo.

Alternate words for rat in neo-Anglo-Manx dialect :

• Longtail
• Iron fella
• Joey
• Queerfella
• Ringie
• r-a-t - a more recent expression, owing to increased immigration,^{[citation needed]} note that 'an' instead of 'a' is used as the indefinite article

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Anglo-Manx phrases

A few phrases, have survived to be common parlance, amongst these (all of Gaelic origin):

• Traa dy Liooar - (Trah the looar) Manx for "time enough"
• Lhiam-Lhiat - (lyam-lyat) An inconsistent person who changes sides easily - from Manx Gaelic for "with me - with you"
• Bock Yuan Fannee - "John the Flayer's Pony" - on foot, cf "Shanks' pony" in English dialect.

References

• An Anglo-Manx Vocabulary published by Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
• A.W. Moore's "A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect" (Oxford University Press, 1924)
• W.W. Gill's "Manx Dialect Words and Phrases" (J.W. Arrowsmith, 1934)