Manzhouli (Chinese: 满洲里, Mongolian: manǰuur) is a sub-prefecture-level city located in Hulunbuir prefecture-level city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is the PRC's busiest land port of entry. It has an area of 696.3 square kilometers and a population of more than 160,000. A sub-prefecture-level city (副地級市), or vice-prefecture-level city, is an administrative division of China. ... Hulunbuir (Chinese: 呼伦贝尔; Pinyin: HÅ«lúnbèiÄ›r) is a prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia. ... A prefecture-level city (地级市 Pinyin: d , literally region-level city) or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N i Měnggǔ Z qū) is an Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A port of entry is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. ...

Geography

Manzhouli is located in the western part of the Hulunbuir prefecture-level city. To the east, south and west it borders New Barghu Left Banner and New Barghu Right Banner, also in Hulunbuir, and Russia to the north, with which it shares a border 54 km long. Hulunbuir (Chinese: 呼伦贝尔; Pinyin: Hūlúnbèiěr) is a prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia. ...

Manzhouli is located on the Hulunbuir grasslands. Lake Hulun to its immediate south is the PRC's fifth largest freshwater lake with an area of 2600 square km and an average depth of just 5 meters. Lake Hulun, also known as Lake Dalai, is located in Inner Mongolia, China. ...

Administration

Manzhouli is divided into 10 subdistricts and 1 town. 6 of the subdistricts of Manzhouli are grouped into a district. Technically however, only a prefecture-level city (half a level higher than Manzhouli) can have districts, so Manzhouli's lone district is not officially listed. The Subdistrict is one of the smallest Political_divisions_of_China. ... When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (zhèn). ... District, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ... A prefecture-level city (地级市 Pinyin: d , literally region-level city) or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

History

In ancient times the area was inhabited by many tribes that lived in Manchuria, including the Donghu, the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Khitan, the Jurchen, and the Mongols. From the early Qing Dynasty onwards the Argun River, which originates in this area, became the border between the Manchu Empire and Russia. Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; pinyin: ) is name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... The Xianbei (鮮卑, written XiānbÄ“i in pinyin or Hsien-pei in Wade-Giles) were a significant nomadic people residing in modern Manchuria and eastern Mongolia before migrating into areas of the modern Chinese provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning. ... The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契丹 Pinyin: Qìdān), were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria and was classified in Chinese history as one of the Tungus ethnic groups (東胡族 dōng hú zú). They established the Liao dynasty in 907, which was then conquered in 1125 by the... The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Many clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast america receded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner canada, establishing... Argun River may refer to Argun River, Caucasus Argun River, Asia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In 1901 the China Far East Railway was completed in accordance with the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896, linking Siberia, Manchuria, and the Russian Far East. A settlement then formed around Manchzhuriya Station, the first stop within Manchuria for Russians. It was the beginning of the modern city of Manzhouli and the name of Manzhouli came from Russian Manchzhuriya (Маньчжурия i.e. Manchuria). 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The China Far East Railway (a. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Siberia Jim (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibir’, Sibir; from the Tatar for “sleeping land”) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; pinyin: ) is name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... The term Russian Far East (Russian: Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и; English transliteration: Dalny Vostok Rossii) refers to the extreme south-east parts of Russia, between Siberian Federal District and the Pacific. ...

In 1905 Manzhouli was designated a trading center in the Sino-Japanese Treaty of 1905, greatly boosting Manzhouli's growth. In 1908 the Manzhouli customs was set up. In 1927, Manzhouli was designated as a city. In 1992 Manzhouli became one of the first land border cities opened up by the People's Republic of China. 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

Economy

Manzhouli is China's busiest land port of entry, and is responsible for 60% of all imports from and exports to Russia and Eastern Europe. A port of entry is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange) and other former communist regimes (light orange). ...

Demographics

95% of Manzhouli's population is Han Chinese. The remainder are Mongol, Manchu, or of other nationalities. Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: 满族; Traditional Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: ) are an ethnic group who originated in the dong bei or North East region consisting of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces, collectively known in English as Manchuria. ...

Transportation

Trains from Beijing to Moscow pass through here. There are also tourist lines to Chita, Krasnokamensk, Irkutsk, and Ulan Ude. â–¶(?) (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Peking) is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: â–¶(?)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... Chita may refer to one of the following. ... A Decembrist house, with distinctive hand-carved trim. ... Ulan-Ude (Ула́н-Удэ́) (pop. ...

External links

• Official Site (Simplified Chinese}
• Information Portal (Simplified Chinese}