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Encyclopedia > Maori mythology

Polynesia is a triangle of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It was settled by voyagers from the Polynesian heartland of Tonga and Samoa, who fanned out to island groups to the east, such as Tahiti, the Marquesas, New Zealand, and Hawai'i. The various Polynesian languages are still close and there are many cultural similarities between the various groups. Their mythologies in particular tend to be local reworkings of commonly shared tales.


There is often a supreme god, Kanaloa or Tangaroa, who is of less real importance than the subordinate gods who cater to human interests. There is usually a story of the marriage of Sky and Earth, who give birth to the world and all things in it. There are stories of islands being pulled up from the bottom of the sea by a magic fishhook, or thrown down as rocks from heaven. There are stories of voyages and migrations, as one might expect. There is a trickster god, Maui.


In addition to these shared tales, each island group also had its own stories of demi-gods and culture heroes, shading gradually into the firmer outlines of remembered history. Often such stories are linked to various geographic features, which may be described as the petrified remains of the supernatural beings.

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Maori mythology and history - origin myths and folklore of the Maori of New Zealand (4009 words)
To some Maori tribes 'Hawaiki' is a reference to the Cook Islands, possibly because their ancestors came to New Zealand from the Society Islands by way of the Cook group.
Although the Archaic Maori is popularly called a 'Moa Hunter', the expression, with its economic overtones, is misleading as there were areas of the country populated by people from East Polynesia who would never have encountered the bird.
For protein the Maori remained dependent on fish, birdlife and the occasional Maori rat, and it seems that the practice of cannibalism may have had its origin in this lack of meat - although in later times it was to assume a religious rather than a dietary character.
Myths Of Origins And The Deluge Of Polynesia (8819 words)
IN considering the mythology of these peoples it will be most convenient to begin with the cosmogonic myths, for these are not only in themselves very interesting, as presenting un-usual features, but also show, in an unmistakable manner, the composite character of the mythology as a whole.
Leaving Maori mythology and turning to the other island groups in Polynesia it is apparent that the cosmogonic myths, current in the Marquesas present striking analogies to some of those in New Zealand.
Tongan mythology also refers to the primeval sea and to the realm of the gods far away, whence Maui sails to fish up the land of Tonga 42 This latter episode seems to represent a different element almost throughout Polynesia and probably should not be regarded as belonging to this theme.
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