The Mar Thoma Church (also known as The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church) is a schismatic branch of the pre-16th century undivided Syrian Orthodox Church, and got its current identity in 1889, even though it was born much earlier. It has its roots in a reformist movement started by a teacher-priest of the Syrian Orthodox Church, Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan (popularly known as Abraham Malpan) in the early part of the 19th Century, and traces its origins to St. Thomas the Apostle who, according to tradition, came to India in AD 52.

The Mar Thoma Church is headed by a Metropolitan who lays claim to the Malankara Throne of St. Thomas. The current Metropolitan is His Grace The Most Rev. Dr. Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar Thoma Metropolitan, whose seat is at Tiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.

The majority of the membership of the church is in the southern Indian state of Kerala but it has spread with the 20th Century Indian diaspora to North America, Europe, the Middle East, Malaysia and Australia, in addition to a sizeable population in the rest of India.