Maracas are simple percussion instruments (idiophones), usually played in pairs, consisting of a dried gourd shell (cuia - 'kOO-ya') filled with seeds or dried beans. They may also be made of leather, wood, or plastic. Often one maraca is pitched high and the other low.
General information
The instrument is of prehistoric American origin. The word maraca is thought to have originally come from the Tupi language of Brazil, although it was borrowed into English by way of Portuguese, where it is pronounced 'ma-ra-KAH'.
Maracas are heard in many forms of Latin American music and are also used in pop and classical music. The are considered characteristic of the music of Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. In rock and roll, they are identified with Bo Diddley, who employed perhaps rock music's only full-time maracas player, Jerome Green, subject of the song "Bring it to Jerome".
Although a simple instrument, the method of playing the maracas is not obvious. Because the seeds must travel some distance before they strike the gourd to make a sound, the player cannot shake them on the beat, but must anticipate the beat.
Related instruments include the Cubanguiro, the caxixi- 'ka-shee-SHEE', the ganza- 'gan-ZAH', and the ipus- 'ai-PUS'.
Maracas were created and first used by the native indians of Puerto Rico: the Tainos, as a percussion musical instrument.
Maracas are made from the fruit of the higuera tree so common throughout Puerto Rico.
Maracas are now often made of new materials, such as plastic, but are used the in same way, fulfill the same musical role in Latin bands, and retain the same distinctive sound.
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