Maraging steel is an iron-based steel alloy which is known for possessing superior strength without losing malleability. The iron base is alloyed principally with various proportions of cobalt and nickel as strengthening agents. Other alloying elements include molybdenum, aluminum, and titanium. Maraging steel is essentially free of carbon, which distinguishes it from most other types of steel. The result is a steel which An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, which has a combination of at least one metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties. ... Malleability is a physical property of metals and metal alloys, or generally of any kind of matter. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cobalt, Co, 27 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 4, d Appearance metallic with gray tinge Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... Aluminum is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ...

• Possesses high strength and toughness
• Allows for easy machining with minimal distortion
• Has uniform, predictable shrinkage during heat treatment
• Can be easily nitrided
• Resists corrosion and crack propagation
• Can be finely polished

A special class of low carbon ultra-high strength steels which derive their strength not from carbon but from precipitation of inter-metallic compounds. Original development was carried out on 20 and 25% Ni steels to which small additions of Al, Ti and Nb were made. The common grades contain 17-19% nickel, 8-12% cobalt, 3-5% molybdenum and 0.2-1.6% titanium. A lathe is a common tool used in machining. ... Heat Treatment is a group of manufacturing techniques used to alter the hardness and toughness of a material. ... Corrosion, atmospheric and biologic (Barnacles) Corrosion is deterioration of useful properties in a material due to reactions with its environment. ... For fractures in bones, see Fracture (bone). ...

Salient features

• Offer the best available combination of ultra-high yield and tensile strength, ductility and fracture toughness of any ferrous materials.
• Can retain strength at least up to 350°C.
• Being a very low-carbon martensite, the structure is soft. Readily machinable. May be cold rolled to as much as 80 - 90% without cracking prior to aging treatment. Hot deformation is also possible.
• Possible to finish-machine before aging. Very little dimensional change after aging treatment.
• Parts uniformly harden throughout the entire section because they have high hardenability.
• Exhibit good weldability. Properties of heat affected zone (HAZ) can be restored by a post-weld aging treatment.
• Since ductile FeNi martensites are formed upon cooling, cracks are non-existent or negligible.
• Can be surface hardened by nitriding.
• Good corrosion, stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement characteristics.
• Protection can be provided by cadmium plating or phosphating.

Heat treatment cycle

The steel is first annealed, at ~820°C for 15-30 minutes for thin sections and for 1 hour per 25 mm thickness for heavy sections, to ensure formation of a fully austenitized structure. This is followed by air cooling to room temperature to form a soft, heavily dislocated iron-nickel martensite. Subsequent aging (precipitation hardening) for ~3 hours in 480-500°C range produces a fine dispersion of Ni₃Mo, Ni₃Ti or Ni₃ (Mo, Ti) intermetallic phases along dislocations left by martensitic transformation. The word anneal has several meanings: In metallurgy and materials science annealing is a heat treatment wherein the microstructure of a material is altered, causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. ... Iron-carbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which austenite (γ) is stable in carbon steel. ... See also CPU cooling Watercooling Heat pipe cooling Peltier cooling External links http://www. ... Martensite, named after the German metallurgist Adolf Martens, is a class of hard minerals occurring as lathe- or plate-shaped crystals. ... Precipitation hardening is a heat treatment technique used to strengthen malleable materials, especially non-ferrous alloys including most structural alloys of aluminium and titanium. ... Dispersion can mean any of several things: A phenomenon that causes the separation of a wave into components of varying frequency. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... Intermetallics is concerned with all aspects of ordered chemical compounds between two or more metals and notably with their applications. ...

Uses

Maraging steel's strength and malleability allows it to be formed into thinner rocket and missile skins, allowing more room for payload. Its resistance to deterioration, even after heat and pressure, makes it a desirable alloy for the manufacture of firing pins and breech blocks. Because it shows little effect from changes in temperature, pressure, and torque, it is well suited for high performance engine components such as shafts, gears, and fasteners. Its uniform expansion and easy machinability makes maraging steel useful in high wear portions of assembly lines, as well as in the manufacture of dies. Declining-balance depreciation of a $50,000 asset with $6,500 salvage value over 20 years. ... Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. ... The firing pin is a very hard steel rod with a one small, rounded end for striking the primer of a cartridge. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... Pressure (symbol: p) is the force per unit area acting on a surface in a direction perpendicular to that surface. ... In physics, torque can be thought of informally as rotational force. Torque is measured in units of newton metres, and its symbol is Ï„. The concept of Torque, also called moment or couple, originated with the work of Archimedes on levers. ... A shaft can be Look up shaft in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Spur gears found on a piece of farm equipment. ... An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. ... See Die for other meanings of this word A die is a tool used in the manufacture of parts by the molding process. ...

In the sport of fencing, blades used in competitions run under the auspicies of the FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime...in English: International Fencing Federation) are made with maraging steel. The thought that such blades break flat -- thus in the words of one equipment catalogue, "doing your opponent a great favor" is actually a fencing urban legend. Testing has shown that the blade breakage patterns in carbon steel and maraging steel blades are identical. Maraging blades are required in foil and epee (there is no such requirement for sabre blades) because the crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel. This results in far fewer blades breaking, and less broken blades leads to less potential injury from broken blades.

Maraging steel is also an item of great interest to those responsible for national security. Maraging steel is used in creating centrifuges for uranium processing due to its extremely high strength and balance. Very few other materials will work for this task, and maraging steel’s other uses are very specialized. Therefore, rogue nations importing maraging steel often find themselves receiving a great deal of international attention

Physical Properties

• Density: 8.0 g/cm³ (0.29 lb/in³)
• Specific heat, mean for 0–100 °C (32–212 °F): 813 J/(kg·K) (0.108 Btu/(lb·°F))
• Melting point: 2575 °F, 1413 °C, 1686 K
• Thermal conductivity: _____ W/(m·K)
• Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10 µm/(m·K) (5.6 µin/(in·°F))
• Yield tensile strength: typically 1400-2100 Mpa (200,000-300,000 PSI)
• Ultimate strength: typically 1600-2500 Mpa (230,000-360,000 PSI)
• Young's modulus typically 150-200 GPa

Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... The specific heat capacity (symbol c or s, also called specific heat) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per unit mass. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... In physics, thermal conductivity, λ or k, is the intensive property of a material which relates its ability to conduct heat. ... Yield strength, or the yield point, is defined in engineering as the amount of strain that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Strength of materials. ... The modulus of elasticity can also be measured in other units of pressure, for example pounds per square inch (psi). ...

External links

• Key To Steel