Modern-day marathon runners

The marathon is a long-distance running event with an official distance of 42.195 kilometers (26 miles 385 yards) that is usually run as a road race. The event is named after the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens. It was one of the original Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921. More than 800 marathons are contested throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes. The larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants. A marathon is a distance race of 26. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (4257x2918, 2019 KB) Summary Caption: 041031-N-0502D-398 Washington, D.C. (Oct. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (4257x2918, 2019 KB) Summary Caption: 041031-N-0502D-398 Washington, D.C. (Oct. ... For other uses, see Running (disambiguation). ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... “Miles” redirects here. ... A yard (abbreviation: yd) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Pheidippides (Greek: , sometimes given as Phidippides or Philippides), hero of Ancient Greece, is the central figure in a story which was the inspiration for the modern sporting event, the marathon. ... Combatants Athens, Plataea Persia Commanders Miltiades, Callimachus â€ , Arimnestus Datis â€ ?, Artaphernes Strength 10,000 Athenians, 1,000 Plataeans 20,000 - 100,000 a Casualties 192 Athenians killed, 11 Plataeans killed (Herodotus) 6,400 killed, 7 ships captured (Herodotus) a These are modern consensus estimates. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ...

History

The factual accuracy of part of this article is disputed. The dispute is about historical details. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page.(March 2008)

The name marathon comes from the legend of Pheidippides, a Greek soldier, who was sent from the town of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon.^[1] It is said that he ran the entire distance without stopping and burst into the Senate, exclaiming "Νενικήκαμεν" (Nenikékamen, 'We have won') before collapsing and dying of a heart attack.^[2] The account of the run from Marathon to Athens first appears in Plutarch's On the Glory of Athens in the 1st century AD who quotes from Heraclides Ponticus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles.^[3] Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) also gives the story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides).^[4] Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas; Attic/ Katharevousa: , ) is an ancient Greek city-state, a contemporary town in Greece, the site of the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. ... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream. ... Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Πλούταρχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Heraclides Ponticus (387 - 312 BCE), also known as Heraklides, was a Greek philosopher who lived and died at Heraclea, now Eregli, Turkey. ... Lucian of Samosata (c. ...

The Greek historian Herodotus, the main source for the Greco-Persian Wars, mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who ran from Athens to Sparta asking for help.^[5] In some Herodotus manuscripts the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta is given as Philippides. Herodotus makes no mention of a messenger sent from Marathon to Athens, and relates that the main part of the Athenian army, having already fought and won the grueling battle, and fearing a naval raid by the Persian fleet against an undefended Athens, marched quickly back from the battle to Athens, arriving the same day. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Persian Wars redirects here. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... For modern day Sparta, see Sparti (municipality). ...

In 1876, Robert Browning wrote the poem "Pheidippides". Browning's poem, his composite story, became part of late 19th century popular culture and was accepted as a historic legend.^{[citation needed]} Robert Browning (May 7, 1812 – December 12, 1889) was a British poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. ...

Modern Olympics marathon

1896 Olympic marathon

When the idea of a modern Olympics became a reality at the end of the 19th century, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the ancient glory of Greece. The idea of organizing a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as the Greeks. The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon, and this first marathon was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon coming in fifth). The winner of the first Olympic Marathon in 1896 (a male only race) was Spiridon "Spiros" Louis, a Greek water-carrier. He won at the Olympics in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds, despite stopping on the way for a glass of wine from his uncle waiting near the village of Chalandri.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links 1896_Olympic_marathon. ... Image File history File links 1896_Olympic_marathon. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... Michel Jules Alfred Bréal (March 26, 1832 - 1915), French philologist, was born at Landau in Rhenish Bavaria, of French parents. ... The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were celebrated in 1896 in Athens, Greece. ... His statue at the Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta. ... Kharilaos Vasilakos (1877 - 1969) was a Greek athlete. ... Spiridon Spiros Louis (January 12, 1873 – March 26, 1940) was a Greek water-carrier who won the marathon at the 1896 Summer Olympics, thereby becoming a national hero. ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... Chalandri (Greek, Modern: Χαλάνδρι, Ancient/Katharevousa: Χαλάνδριον), older form Chalandrion and in Ancient Greek Flya (Φλύα) is a northern suburb in Athens, Greece. ...

The women's marathon was introduced at the 1984 Summer Olympics (Los Angeles, USA) and was won by Joan Benoit of the United States with a time of 2 hours 24 minutes and 52 seconds.^[6] Music sample: Olympic Fanfare and Theme composed by John Williams for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles Problems listening to the file? See media help. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Joan Benoit Samuelson (born May 16, 1957) is an American former marathon runner who won gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, the year that the womens marathon was introduced. ...

Since the modern games were founded, it has become a tradition for the men's Olympic marathon to be the last event of the athletics calendar, with a finish inside the Olympic stadium, often within hours of, or even incorporated into, the closing ceremonies. The marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics revived the long-established route from Marathon to Athens ending at Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics. The ceremony for the lighting of the flame is arranged as a pagan pageant, with priestesses dancing. ... Marathon (Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas; Attic/ Katharevousa: , ) is an ancient Greek city-state, a contemporary town in Greece, the site of the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... The Panathinaiko Stadium Archery matches in progress at the Panathinaiko Stadium during the 2004 Athens Olympics The Panathinaiko (Panathenaic) Stadium (also known as the Kallimarmaron, i. ... The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were celebrated in 1896 in Athens, Greece. ...

Distance

The length of a marathon was not fixed at first, since the only important factor was that all athletes competed on the same course. The marathon races in the first few Olympic Games were not of a set length, but were approximately 40 km,^[7] roughly the distance from Marathon to Athens by the longer, flatter route. The exact length of the Olympic marathon varied depending on the route established for each venue.

The marathon at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London was set to measure about 25 miles (40 km) and to start on ‘The Long Walk’ – a magnificent avenue leading up to Windsor Castle in the grounds of Windsor Great Park. The Princess of Wales wanted her children to watch the start of the race, so the start of the race was moved to the east lawn of Windsor Castle, increasing its length to 26 miles (42 km).^[7] The race was to finish at the Great White City Stadium in Shepherd's Bush in London; however, Queen Alexandra insisted on having the best view of the finish; so, in the words of the official Olympic report, "385 yards were run on the cinder track to the finish, below the Royal Box".^[7] The length then became 42.195 km (26 miles 385 yards or 26 ⁷⁄₃₂ miles). The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the IV Olympiad, were held in 1908 in London, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the castle in Windsor. ... Deer crossing the Long Walk to Windsor Castle Windsor Great Park (locally referred to simply as the Great Park) is a large deer park and Crown Estate of 5,000 acres, to the south of the town of Windsor on the border of Berkshire and Surrey in England. ... Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was the Queen Consort of George V. Queen Mary was also the Empress of India. ... For the tennis stadium in Sydney, see White City Stadium (Sydney). ... Shepherds Bush is a district of West London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, situated 4. ... This page is about the wife of Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ...

For the next Olympics in 1912, the length was changed to 40.2 km (24.98 miles) and changed again to 42.75 km (26.56 miles) for the 1920 Olympics until it was fixed at the 1908 distance for the 1924 Olympics. In fact, of the first seven Olympic Games, there were six different marathon distances between 40 km and 42.75 km (40 km being used twice). The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ...

Following the 1908 Olympics in London, an annual event called the Polytechnic Marathon had been instituted over the 1908 distance of 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km), and it was largely due to the prestige of the Polytechnic Marathon that 42.195 km was adopted as the official marathon distance in 1921 by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) - Rule 240 of their Competition Rules.[2]. The difference between 42.195 km and 26 miles 385 yards is 1.2 centimetres. The difference between the standard distance and the rounded figure frequently employed (as in the table), 26.22 miles, is a little over two metres. A marathon foot race that took place in England between 1909 and 1996, commonly referred to as simply the Poly. ... The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ...

Marathon races

See also: List of marathon races

Annually, more than 800 marathons are organized worldwide. Some of these belong to the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) which has grown since its foundation in 1982 to embrace 238 member events in 82 countries and territories. Five of the largest and most prestigious races, Boston, New York City, Chicago, London, and Berlin, form the biannual World Marathon Majors series, awarding $500,000 annually to the best overall male and female performers in the series. Other notable large marathons include Marine Corps Marathon, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Rome and Paris. One of the more unusual marathons is the Midnight Sun Marathon held in Tromsø, Norway at 70 degrees North. Using unofficial and temporary courses, measured by GPS, races of marathon distance are now held at the North Pole, in Antarctica and over desert terrain. Among other unusual marathons can be mentioned: The Great Wall of China Marathon on The Great Wall of China, The Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of South Africa, The Great Tibetan Marathon - a marathon in an atmosphere of Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of 3500 meters, and The Polar circle marathon on the permanent ice cap of Greenland in -15 degrees Celsius/+5 degrees Fahrenheit temperatures. The Intercontinental Istanbul Eurasia Marathon is the only marathon where participants run over two continents, Europe and Asia, during the course of a single event. The historic Polytechnic Marathon which gave the world the standard distance of 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km) finally died out in 1996. This is a worldwide list of marathon runs sorted alphabetically. ... The Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) was established in May 1982 by a group of prominent marathon race directors concerned to: foster and promote Marathon running throughout the world; work with the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) on all matters relating to international Marathons; and exchange information... The 100th running of the Boston Marathon, 1996 The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots Day, the third Monday of April. ... The New York City Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race run over a 42,195 m (26. ... The LaSalle Bank Chicago Marathon, held in Chicago, is one of the largest marathon road races in the world, as well as one of the fastest growing. ... Runners surge out of the Blackfriars Bridge underpass onto the Victoria Embankment; two miles to go The London Marathon is a road marathon that has been held each year in London since 1981, usually in April. ... The Berlin Marathon is an annual marathon in Berlin, the capital of Germany. ... The World Marathon Majors is a championship style competition that will start in 2006 including the New York City, Boston, Chicago, London and Berlin marathons. ... Runners compete in the 29th Marine Corps Marathon, October 31, 2004. ... The Honolulu Marathon is one of the worlds largest marathons. ... The Los Angeles Marathon is an annual marathon held in Los Angeles, California since 1986. ... The Rome City Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Rome, Italy on a Sunday of March. ... The Paris Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race which takes place from the Champs Elysées heading towards the Place de la Concorde and continuing through the city to finish at Foch Avenue. ... Midnight Sun Marathon is a marathon run at night in some cities above the Arctic Circle during the period with midnight sun. ... The Great Wall Marathon is an annual marathon race held in May along and on the Great Wall of China. ... The Great Wall of China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally Long wall) or (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th... The Big Five Marathon is a marathon race situated on the savannahs of South Africa. ... The annually recurring Great Tibetan Marathon is a so-called Adventure marathon. ... Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Ladakh), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ... The Polar Circle Marathon is a classical 42. ... Starting point of the 28th Eurasia Marathon, 2006 Turkish road sign Welcome to Europe, encountered after driving over the Bosphorus Bridge into Europe in Istanbul. ... A marathon foot race that took place in England between 1909 and 1996, commonly referred to as simply the Poly. ...

Marathon races usually use the starting format called mass start, though larger races may use a wave start, where different genders or abilities may begin at different times. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

World records and world's best

World records were not officially recognized by the IAAF until January 1, 2004; previously, the best times for the marathon were referred to as the 'world best'. Courses must conform to IAAF standards for a record to be recognized. However, marathon routes still vary greatly in elevation, course, and surface, making exact comparisons impossible. Typically, the fastest times are set over relatively flat courses near sea level, during good weather conditions and with the assistance of pacesetters. A world record is the best performance in a certain discipline, usually a sports event. ... The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics (known in the US as track and field). It was founded in 1912 at its first Congress in Stockholm, Sweden by representatives from 17 national athletics federations as the International Amateur Athletics Federation. ... A pacemaker (sometimes colloquially called a bunny) is a runner who leads a middle distance track event for the first section to ensure a fast time and avoid excessive tactical racing. ...

The world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 4 minutes and 26 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Haile Gebrselassie of Ethiopia on September 30, 2007, an improvement of 21 minutes and 13 seconds since 1947 (Marathon world best progression). The men's world record represents an average pace of under 2:57 per kilometer (4:45 per mile).^[8] The world record for women was set by Paula Radcliffe of United Kingdom in the London Marathon on April 13, 2003, in 2 hours 15 minutes and 25 seconds. This time was set using male pacesetters; the fastest time by a woman without using a male pacesetter ("woman-only") was also set by Paula Radcliffe, again during the London Marathon, with a time of 2 hours 17 minutes and 42 seconds, on April 17, 2005.^[9] The Berlin Marathon is an annual marathon in Berlin, the capital of Germany. ... Not to be confused with Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This is a list of progressive record times for the marathon[1]. The actual distance for the pre-1925 races varied slightly from the present figure of 26 miles, 385 yards (42. ... Paula Jane Radcliffe, MBE (born December 17, 1973) is a British long-distance runner. ... Runners surge out of the Blackfriars Bridge underpass onto the Victoria Embankment; two miles to go The London Marathon is a road marathon that has been held each year in London since 1981, usually in April. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A pacemaker (sometimes colloquially called a bunny) is a runner who leads a middle distance track event for the first section to ensure a fast time and avoid excessive tactical racing. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

World all times list (men)

Not to be confused with Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Not to be confused with Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Dubai in the UAE Coordinates: , Country Emirate Dubai Incorporated (town) June 9, 1833 Incorporated (emirate) December 2, 1971 Founder Maktoum bin Bati bin Suhail (1833) Seat Dubai Subdivisions Towns and villages Jebel Ali Hatta Al Hunaiwah Al Aweer Al Hajarain Al Lusayli Al Marqab Al Shindagha Al Faq... Paul Tergat breaks marathon record at Berlin Paul Kibii Tergat (born June 17, 1969) is a Kenyan professional athlete. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Sammy Korir (born December 12, 1971) is a long-distance runner from Kenya, who raced into the history books as only the second man ever to run under 2 hours, 5 minutes, when he finished second in the Berlin Marathon on September 28, 2003: 2:04:56. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Martin Lel (born October 29, 1978) is a Kenyan distance and marathon runner. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Samuel Wanjiru (born November 10, 1986) is a Kenyan long distance runner who currently holds the half marathon world record obtained on September 11, 2005 in Rotterdam Half Marathon. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Khalid Khannouchi (Arabic: خالد خنّوشي) (born December 22, 1971 in Meknes, Morocco) is a Moroccan marathon athlete who now represents the United States of America. ... is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Province Government  - Mayor Ivo Opstelten  - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1]  - Total 319 km² (123. ... Evans Rutto Evans Rutto is a Kenyan athlete who won the 2003 Chicago Marathon with debutant world record time of 2:05:50, the 2004 London Marathon, and the 2004 Chicago Marathon. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Ronaldo da Costa (born June 7, 1970 in Descoberto, Brazil) broke the ten-year-old marathon world record in 1998 in Berlin. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ...

World all times list (women)

Paula Jane Radcliffe, MBE (born December 17, 1973) is a British long-distance runner. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Catherine Ndereba (born July 21, 1972) is a world class Kenyan marathon runner. ... is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Mizuki Noguchi (Japanese: 野口みずき, born July 3, 1978) is a female long-distance athlete (track and field) from Japan. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Deena Kastor (née Drossin) (1973-) is an American distance runner. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Sun Yingjie (born January 19, 1979 in Liaoning) is a Chinese long-distance runner who competes in everything from 5000 metres to marathon. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Peking redirects here. ... Yoko Shibui (born March 14, 1979 in Kuroiso) is a long-distance runner from Japan, who is competing in the 5000 and 10,000 metres as well as the marathon race. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Naoko Takahashi (born May 6, 1972 in Gifu) is a Japanese long-distance runner competing mainly in the marathon. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Berlín is a municipality in the Usulután department of El Salvador. ... Zhou Chunxiu (born 15 November 1978 in Jiangsu) is an Chinese marathon runner. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Short name Statistics Location map Map of location of Seoul. ... Berhane Adere (born July 21, 1973 in Shewa) is an athlete from Ethiopia. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...

Other notable marathon runners

This is a list of elite athletes notable for their performance in marathoning. For a list of people notable in other fields who have also run marathons, see list of marathoners. This is a list of notable people who have completed a marathon. ...

Men

Women Jaouad Gharib (born May 22, 1972 in Khenifra) is a Moroccan long-distance athlete competing mainly in the marathon. ... Gezahegne Abera (born April 23, 1978) is an Ethiopian athlete, winner of the marathon race at the 2000 Summer Olympics. ... Abel Antón Rodrigo (born October 24, 1962 in Ojuel, Soria) is a Spanish long-distance runner, who won gold medals in the marathon at the 1997 and the 1999 World Championships in Athletics. ... Stefano Baldini (born May 25, 1971 in Castelnovo di Sotto, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) is an Italian athlete and is the current Olympic and European champion in the marathon. ... Arturo Barrios (born December 12, 1962) is a Mexican long-distance runner, a former world record holder at 10,000 m (27:08. ... Dick Beardsley (born ca. ... Abebe Bikila (August 7, 1932 - October 25, 1973) was an Ethiopian runner and two time Olympic marathon champion from Ethiopia. ... Ambrose (Amby) Joel Burfoot (Born August 19, 1946) was the winner of the 1968 Boston Marathon. ... Bob Busquaert is a member of the Hansons Olympic Distance Project. ... Dionicio Cerón Pizarro (born October 9, 1965 in Toluca) is a former marathon runner from Mexico, whos personal best in the classic distance was 2:08:30. ... Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot (born September 26, 1978) is the current record holder and two-time winner of the Boston Marathon. ... Waldemar Cierpinski (born August 3, 1950) is a former East German athlete and two time Olympic Champion in the marathon. ... Derek Clayton an Australian athlete, but born in Lancashire, England and raised in Northern Ireland. ... Robert de Castella MBE (born 1957) was a world champion marathon runner. ... Martin Fiz is a Spanish long-distance runner who won the marathon at the 1994 European Championships in Athletics in Helsinki and repeated his success at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Gothenburg. ... Bruce Fordyce is a South African marathon and ultramarathon athlete. ... Ryan Hall (October 14, 1982 in Big Bear Lake, California) is an American track and cross-country athlete. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Juma Ikangaa (born July 19, 1957 in Tanzania) is a world-class marathon runner, a sentimental favorite in Boston after finishing second three years in a row at the Boston Marathon from 1988-1990. ... Steve Jones is a Welsh athlete, former world marathon champion. ... Mebrahtom (Meb) Keflezighi (born May 5, 1975 in Asmara, Eritrea) is an American athlete specializing in long distance running, specifically marathons. ... Juho Pietari Hannes Kolehmainen (December 9, 1889 – January 11, 1966) was a Finnish long-distance runner. ... Tom Longboat with the Ward Marathon Trophy Cogwagee (Thomas Longboat) (June 4, 1887–January 9, 1949) was an Onondaga distance runner from the Six Nations of the Grand River Indian reserve near Brantford, Ontario, and for much of his career the dominant long distance runner of the time. ... Carlos Lopes (born February 18, Portuguese athlete, winner of the marathon race at the 1984 Summer Olympics. ... Spiridon Spiros Louis (January 12, 1873 – March 26, 1940) was a Greek water-carrier who won the marathon at the 1896 Summer Olympics, thereby becoming a national hero. ... Greg Meyer is best know for his accomplishments in distance running. ... Alain Mimoun OKacha (born January 1, 1921) is an Olympic marathon champion from Algeria. ... Gerard Nijboer (born 18 August 1955 in Hasselt) was a Dutch athlete who competed mainly in the Marathon. ... James Peters (born October 24, 1918 in London – died January 9, 1999 in Thorpe Bay) is a former long-distance runner from England, who set new marathon records four times during the 1950s. ... Julio Rey (born 13 January 1972) is a Spanish long-distance runner who mostly concentrates on the marathon race. ... Bill Rodgers winning the Boston Marathon 1979/ Promo sport poster. ... Alberto Salazar (born August 7, 1958 in Cuba) is an American marathon runner of the 1980s. ... Toshihiko Seko (born July 15, 1956) is a Japanese long-distance runner, a world-class marathon competitor in the 1980s. ... Frank Shorter (born October 31, 1947) is an American distance runner and winner of the marathon race at the 1972 Summer Olympics. ... Sohn Kee-chung (August 29, 1912 – November 15, 2002) became the first medal-winning Korean Olympian when he won the gold medal in the Marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics as a member of the Japanese delegation, under the name of Son Kitei, which is the Japanese pronunciation of the... Oskar Albinus Albin Stenroos (February 25, 1889 - April 30, 1971) was a Finnish athlete, winner of the marathon race at the 1924 Summer Olympics. ... Ed Whitlock (b. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Demisse Mamo Wolde (June 12, 1932-May 26, 2002) was an Ethiopian runner born in Diri Jille. ... Emil Zátopek (IPA: ) (September 19, 1922 - November 22, 2000) was a Czech athlete probably best known for his amazing feat of winning three gold medals in athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. ...

Elfenesh Alemu (born 10 June 1975) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon race. ... Carolina (Carla) Alwina Hubertina Beurskens (born February 10, 1952 in Tegelen, Limburg) was one of Hollands most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of the seventies until far into the nineties of last century, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon. ... Katrin Dörre-Heinig (née Dörre, born October 6, 1961 in Leipzig) is a former athlete from Germany, who competed mainly in the marathon. ... Adriana Fernández Miranda (born March 4, 1971 in Mexico City) is a long-distance runner from Mexico, who has a personal best in the marathon of 2:24:06. ... Lidiya Grigoryeva (born January 25, 1974) is a Russian long-distance runner from the Chuvashia region. ... Helena Javornik (born 26 March 1966) is a Slovenian long-distance runner who has specialized in all distances from 1500 metres to the marathon race. ... Olivera Jevtić Olivera Jevtić (born July 24th, 1977 in Užice, Serbia) is a Serbian distance runner and is the most succesful in the country. ... Lornah Kiplagat (born in Nairobi, 1 May 1974) is a Dutch long-distance runner who was born in Kenya. ... Renata Kokowska (born December 4, 1958) is a former long-distance runner from Poland, who is a triple winner of the Berlin Marathon: 1988, 1991 and 1993. ... Ingrid Kristiansen (born March 21, 1956), from Norway, was the best female long distance runner in the second half of the 1980s. ... Catherina McKiernan (born: November 30, 1969) Cornafean, County Cavan, Ireland is a marathon, 10,000 metre and cross country athlete. ... Rosa Mota, pron. ... Uta Pippig (born September 7, 1965 in Leipzig) is a former German female long-distance runner, who won the marathon championships of the GDR in 1986 and 1987. ... Fatuma Roba (born December 18, 1973) is a long-distance runner from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia most known for winning a gold medal in the marathon race at the 1996 Summer Olympics. ... Joan Benoit Samuelson (born May 16, 1957) was an American marathon runner who won gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. ... Kathrine Switzer is the first woman to run the Boston Marathon. ... Grete Waitz née Andersen (born October 1, 1953) is a former Norwegian marathon runner who won nine New York City Marathons between 1978 and 1988. ... Gete Wami (born December 11, 1974 in Debre Berhan) is a female Ethiopian cross country and track runner. ...

Running a marathon

This article or section contains instructions, advice, or how-to content. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to teach subject matter. Please help improve this article by removing or rewriting the how-to content, which may qualify for a move to Wikibooks.

Wikibooks logo Wikibooks, previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks, is a wiki for the creation of books. ...

General

Most participants do not run a marathon to win. More important for most runners is their personal finish time and their placement within their specific gender and age group, though some runners want just to finish. Strategies for completing a marathon include running the whole distance^[10] and a run-walk strategy.^[1] An intermediate approach is to run from water stop to water stop, and walk through the water stop area to ensure the fluids are consumed instead of spilled. In 2005, the average marathon time in the U.S. was 4 hours 32 minutes 8 seconds for men, 5 hours 6 minutes 8 seconds for women.^[11]

Another goal is to break certain time barriers. For example, recreational first-timers often try to run the marathon under four hours; more competitive runners may attempt to finish under three hours.^[12] Other benchmarks are the qualifying times for major marathons. The Boston Marathon, the oldest marathon in the United States, requires a qualifying time for all non-professional runners.^[13] The New York City marathon also requires a qualifying time for guaranteed entry, at a pace slightly faster than Boston's.^[14] A qualifying time is also needed for Washington D.C.'s National Marathon.^[15] However, unlike Boston, where the qualifying times serve to attract a more talented field and limit participation, the National Marathon is motivated more by the need to reopen city streets in a limited amount of time. The 100th running of the Boston Marathon, 1996 The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots Day, the third Monday of April. ... The New York City Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race run over a 42,195 m (26. ... The National Marathon is an annual marathon foot-race held in Washington, D.C. and Prince Georges County, Maryland. ...

Training

Most coaches believe that the most important element in marathon training is the long run.^{[citation needed]} Recreational runners commonly try to reach a maximum of about 20 miles (32 kilometres) in their longest weekly run and a total of about 40 miles (64 kilometres) a week when training for the marathon, but wide variability exists in practice and in recommendations. More experienced marathoners may run a longer distance, and more miles or kilometres during the week. Greater weekly training mileages can offer greater results in terms of distance and endurance, but also carry a greater risk of training injury.^{[citation needed]} Most male elite marathon runners will have weekly mileages of over 100 miles (160 kilometres).^[16] Training for a marathon is a months or years long project for most recreational runners. ...

Many training programs last a minimum of five or six months, with a gradual increase (every two weeks) in the distance run and finally a little decrease (1 to 3 weeks) for recovery. The decrease, commonly called the taper, should last a minimum of two weeks and a maximum of three weeks, according to most trainers. For beginners looking to merely finish a marathon, a minimum of 4 months of running 4 days a week is recommended.^[17] Many trainers recommend a weekly increase in mileage of no more than 10%. It is also often advised to maintain a consistent running program for six weeks or so before beginning a marathon training program to allow the body to adapt to the new stresses.^[18]

Some training programs may be found at Runner's World,^[19] Hal Higdon,^[10] Jeff Galloway,^[1] Boston Athletic Association ^[20] and many others.

Overtraining is a condition that results from not getting enough rest to allow the body to recover from stressful training. It can result in lowered endurance and speed and place a runner at a greater risk of injury.^[16]

Before the race

During the last two or three weeks before the marathon, runners will typically reduce their weekly training, gradually, by as much as 50%-75% of previous peak volume, and take at least a couple of days of complete rest to allow their bodies to recover from any strong effort. The last long training run might be undertaken no later than two weeks prior to the event. This is a phase of training known as tapering. Many marathoners also "carbo-load" (increase carbohydrate intake while holding total caloric intake constant) during the week before the marathon to allow their bodies to store more glycogen. In sports, carbohydrate loading, colloquially known as carbo-loading, is a strategy employed by endurance athletes such as marathon runners to maximize the storage of glycogen in the muscles. ... Glycogen Structure Segment Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose (Glc) which functions as the primary short term energy storage in animal cells. ...

Immediately before the race, many runners will refrain from eating solid food to avoid digestive problems. They will also ensure that they are fully hydrated beforehand. Light stretching before the race is believed by many to help keep muscles limber.

During the race

Coaches recommend trying to maintain as steady a pace as possible when running a marathon. Some advise novice runners to start out slower than their average goal pace to save energy for the second half of the race (negative splits).^{[citation needed]} As an example, the first five to eight miles (8-13 km) might be run at a pace 15-20 seconds per mile slower than the target pace for later.

Typically, there is a maximum allowed time of about six hours after which the marathon route is closed, although some larger marathons (such as Myrtle Beach, Marine Corps and Honolulu) keep the course open considerably longer (eight hours or more).

Water consumption dangers

While drinking fluids during the race is necessary for all runners, in some cases too much drinking can also be dangerous. Drinking more than one loses during a race can decrease the concentration of sodium in the blood (a condition called hyponatremia), which may result in vomiting, seizures, coma and even death.^[21][22] Eating salt packets during a race possibly can help with this problem. The International Marathon Medical Directors Association issued a warning in 2001 that urged runners only to drink when they are thirsty, rather than "drinking ahead of their thirst." The electrolyte disturbance hyponatremia or hyponatraemia exists in humans when the sodium level in the plasma falls below 135 mmol/l. ... For other uses, see Coma (disambiguation). ...

Women are more prone to hyponatremia than men. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that 13% of runners completing the 2002 Boston Marathon had hyponatremia.^[23] The New England Journal of Medicine (New Engl J Med or NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. ... The 100th running of the Boston Marathon, 1996 The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon sporting event hosted by the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots Day, the third Monday of April. ...

A 4+ hour runner can drink about 4-6 ounces (120-170 ml) of fluids every 20-30 minutes without fear of hyponatremia.^{[citation needed]} It is not clear if consuming sports drinks or salty snacks reduces risk. A patient suffering hyponatremia can be given a small volume of a concentrated salt solution intravenously to raise sodium concentrations in blood. Some runners weigh themselves before running and write the results on their bibs. If anything goes wrong, first aid workers can use the weight information to tell if the patient had consumed too much water. R-phrases 36 S-phrases none Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Other anions NaF, NaBr, NaI Other cations LiCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 Related salts Sodium acetate Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... For sodium in the diet, see Salt. ... First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...

Glycogen and "the wall"

Carbohydrates that a person eats are converted by the liver and muscles into glycogen for storage. Glycogen burns quickly to provide quick energy. Runners can store about 8 MJ or 2,000 kcal worth of glycogen in their bodies, enough for about 30 km or 18-20 miles of running. Many runners report that running becomes noticeably more difficult at that point.^{[citation needed]} When glycogen runs low, the body must then burn stored fat for energy, which does not burn as readily. When this happens, the runner will experience dramatic fatigue. This phenomenon is called "hitting the wall". The aim of training for the marathon, according to many coaches,^{[citation needed]} is to maximize the limited glycogen available so that the fatigue of the "wall" is not as dramatic. This is in part accomplished by utilizing a higher percentage of energy from burned fat even during the early phase of the race, thus conserving glycogen. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Glycogen Structure Segment Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose (Glc) which functions as the primary short term energy storage in animal cells. ... The joule (IPA: or ) (symbol: J) is the SI unit of energy. ... Etymology: French calorie, from Latin calor (heat), from calere (to be warm). ... For other uses, see FAT. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... The word fatigue is used in everyday living to describe a range of afflictions, varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work induced burning sensation within muscle. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Carbohydrate-based "energy" gels are used by runners to avoid or reduce the effect of "hitting the wall" as they provide easy to digest energy during the run. Energy gels usually contain varying amounts of sodium and potassium and some also contain caffeine. They need to be consumed with a certain amount of water. Some people recommend taking an energy gel every 45-60 minutes during the race.^{[citation needed]}

Alternatives to gels are solid candy, cookies, other forms of concentrated sugars, or any food high in simple carbohydrates which can be digested easily by the individual runner. Many runners experiment with consuming energy supplements during training runs to determine what works best for them.

After a marathon

Muscle soreness after a marathon is usually attributed to microscopic tears in the muscles. This soreness usually abates within a week, but most runners will take about three weeks to completely recover to pre-race condition.^{[citation needed]}

The immune system is reportedly suppressed for a short time. Studies have indicated that an increase in vitamin C in a runner's post-race diet decreases the chance of sinus infections, a relatively common condition, especially in ultramarathons.^{[citation needed]} Changes to the blood chemistry may lead physicians to mistakenly diagnose heart malfunction. Infection is also the title of an episode of the television series Babylon 5; see Infection (Babylon 5). ... An ultramarathon is any running event longer than the traditional marathon length of 42. ...

Due to the stress on the body during a marathon, a person's kidneys can shut down, leading to the accumulation of toxins in the blood. This is especially dangerous if the runner has consumed any medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).^{[citation needed]} Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... Coated 200 mg ibuprofen tablets Ibuprofen (INN) (IPA: ) (from the earlier and no longer correct nomenclature iso-butyl-propanoic-phenolic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) originally marketed as Brufen, and since then under various other trademarks (see tradenames section), most notably Advil. ... Acetaminophen (USAN) or paracetamol (INN), is a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. ...

It is relatively common to only come to realize that there are injuries to the feet and knees after the marathon has finished. Blisters on the feet and toes commonly only become painful after the race is over. Some runners may experience toenails which turn black and subsequently detach from the toe. This is from the toenails being too long and impacting on the front of the shoe. A blister is a defense mechanism of the human body. ...

Some sports doctors^[who?] advise that gentle exercise in the week after the marathon can aid muscle recovery. Many runners receive a sports massage from a licensed massage therapist approximately 24-48 hours after finishing a marathon.

After long training runs and the marathon itself, consuming carbohydrates to replace glycogen stores and protein to aid muscle recovery is commonly recommended. In addition, soaking the lower half of the body for 20 minutes or so in cold or ice water may force blood through the leg muscles to speed recovery.^{[citation needed]}

Etiquette

Modern marathons such as New York, Chicago, London, and Berlin have tens of thousands of runners and millions of spectators. Common courtesy for other runners becomes necessary when running in a densely packed crowd.^[24] Those employing a walk/run strategy or who are simply walking are encouraged to stay to one side, leaving the middle of the street for faster runners. Runners surge out of the Blackfriars Bridge underpass onto the Victoria Embankment; two miles to go The London Marathon is a road marathon that has been held each year in London since 1981, usually in April. ...

Runners in groups are encouraged not to block the entire street, preventing other runners from passing them. Two or three runners abreast is recommended. Large groups may consider single or double files.

Spectators should remain on the curbs, instead of crowding onto the street and condensing participants into an even smaller space.

Cardiac risks

A study published in 1996^[25] found that the risk of having a fatal heart attack during, or in the period 24 hours after, a marathon, was approximately 1 in 50,000 over an athlete's racing career^[26] - which the authors characterised as an "extremely small" risk. The paper went on to say that since the risk was so small, cardiac screening programs for marathons were not warranted. However, this study was not an attempt to assess the overall benefit or risk to cardiac health of marathon running.

In 2006, a study of 60 non-elite marathon participants tested runners for certain proteins which indicate heart damage or dysfunction after they had completed the marathon, and gave them ultrasound scans before and after the race. The study revealed that, in that sample of 60 people, runners who had done less than 35 miles per week training before the race were most likely to show some heart damage or dysfunction, while runners who had done more than 45 miles per week training beforehand showed few or no heart problems.^[27]

It should be emphasized that regular exercise in general provides a range of health benefits, including a substantially reduced risk of heart attacks. Moreover, these studies only relate to marathons, not to other forms of running. It has been suggested that as marathon running is a test of endurance, it stresses the heart more than shorter running activities, and this may be the reason for the reported findings.

In 2007, Ryan Shay, a 28 year-old elite long-distance runner, died after collapsing early in the US Olympic marathon trials. His death was reported as probably due to a pre-existing heart abnormality. Ryan Shay (May 4, 1979 – November 3, 2007) was an American professional long-distance runner. ... Ryan Shay (May 4, 1979 – November 3, 2007) was an American professional long-distance runner. ...

Multiple marathons

As marathon running has become more popular, some athletes have undertaken to complete goals involving the running of a series of marathons. The most popular goal is to run a marathon in each state of the United States and the District of Columbia. Over 300 individuals have completed this circuit once and some have done it eight times.^[28] Twenty-seven people have run a marathon on each of the seven continents,^[29] and 31 people have run a marathon in each of the Canadian provinces.^[30] In 2006, two people, Sam Thompson and Dean Karnazes, ran 50 marathon distances on 50 consecutive days in 50 different states. ^[31][32] In 1980, in what was dubbed the Marathon of Hope, Terry Fox ran the marathon distance each day for 143 consecutive days, using one artificial leg. ^[33] Dean Karnazes (given name is Constantine Karnazes) (pronounced car-NAH-sis), born August 23, 1962, is a Greek-American ultramarathon runner, and author of Ultramarathon Man: Confessions of an All Night Runner which sheds light on ultra endurance running for the general public. ... Terry Fox The Marathon of Hope is a name given to the cross-Canada run undertaken by cancer patient Terry Fox in 1980. ... For the baseball player, see Terry Fox (baseball). ...

Other goals are to attempt to run marathons in a series of consecutive weekends (Richard Worley on 159 weekends),^[34] or to run the most marathons during a particular year (e.g. Larry Macon ran 93 in 2007),^[35] or the most in a lifetime. As of June 30, 2007, Horst Preisler of Germany had successfully completed 1157 marathons plus 343 ultramarathons, a total of 1500 events at marathon distance or longer.^[36] Norm Frank of the United States is credited with 945 marathons.^[37] There are even clubs for people who have run 100 or more marathons; one such club has at least 45 members.^[38]

Some runners compete to run the same marathons for the most consecutive years. For example, Johnny Kelley completed 58 Boston Marathons. Four runners dubbed the "ground pounders" (Will Brown, Mattew Jaffe, Alfred Richmond, and Mel Williams) have completed all 32 Marine Corps Marathons.^[39] Another mention for most consecutive marathons is Jerald Fenske, who has completed every Paavo Nurmi Marathon he has entered since his first in 1978 at age 17, a total of 30 through 2007. John (Johnny) Joseph Adelbert Kelley (born September 6, 1907 – died October 6, 2004) is a former American long-distance runner, who won the gold medal at the 1959 Pan American Games. ... Runners compete in the 29th Marine Corps Marathon, October 31, 2004. ... The Paavo Nurmi Marathon is an annual road race held each August in Iron County, Wisconsin, in the United States. ...

See also

• Half marathon
• Man versus Horse Marathon
• Marathon National Records
• Marathon world best progression
• Marathon Year Rankings
• Mountain Marathon
• Mount Marathon Race
• Multiday race
• National champions Marathon (men)
• Running
• Ski Marathon
• Ultramarathon
• Ironman Triathlon
• Rosie Ruiz
• Flying Finn (athlete)

In athletics, a half marathon is a race over half the distance of a marathon, i. ... The Man versus Horse Marathon is an annual marathon, with human and (mounted) equine contestants, which takes place in the Welsh town of Llanwrtyd Wells. ... This is a worldwide overview of all current National Records in the classic Marathon race of 42. ... This is a list of progressive record times for the marathon[1]. The actual distance for the pre-1925 races varied slightly from the present figure of 26 miles, 385 yards (42. ... The following table shows the Yearly Rankings in the Marathon since 1960 (men) and 1980 (women), based on the best performance in the classic distance race of 42. ... Mountain Marathon - an extended fell race, usually over two days and often with a strong orienteering element. ... The Mount Marathon Race is a mountain race that is run every summer, in Seward, Alaska, on the Fourth of July. ... Multiday races are ultramarathon running events which are typically either segmented into daily events of a specified distance or time, or staged so that runners can run as far as they want, at their own discretion, over a set course or over a set number of days. ... For other uses, see Running (disambiguation). ... A ski marathon is a long distance cross-country skiing race. ... An ultramarathon is any running event longer than the traditional marathon length of 42. ... Swimmers cross the waters of Kailua-Kona Bay on the Big Island of Hawaii in the first leg of the Ironman Triathlon World Championship. ... Rosie Ruiz at the finish line of the Boston Marathon, April 21, 1980 Rosie Ruiz Vivas (born 1953, Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American runner who on April 21, 1980 ostensibly came in as the first place female competitor in the 84th Boston Marathon with a record time of 2... The Flying Finn was a nickname given to several Finnish runners including Olympic gold medalists, Ville Ritola and Paavo Nurmi. ...

References

2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• IAAF International Association of Athletic Federations
• Masters Marathon - World Rankings
• London Marathon interactive guide