Marcel Lajos Breuer
Personal information
Name	Marcel Lajos Breuer
Nationality	Hungarian
Birth date	21st May 1902
Birth place	Pécs, Hungary
Date of death	1st July 1981
Place of death	New York City, USA
Work
Significant buildings	The Geller House I, UNESCO headquarters
Significant projects	Wassily Chair

Marcel Lajos Breuer (May 21, 1902 Pécs, Hungary – July 1, 1981 New York City), architect and furniture designer, was an influential Hungarian-born modernist of Jewish descent. One of the fathers of Modernism, Breuer showed a great interest in modular construction and simple forms. Image File history File links Marcel Breuer portrait. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer The Model B3 chair, also known as the Wassily Chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer for the constructivist painter Wassily Kandinsky. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Pécs   (Latin: Quinque Ecclesiae, Croatian: Pečuh, German: Fünfkirchen, Serbian: Pečuj or Печуј, Slovak: Päťkostolie, Turkish: Peçuy, Italian: Cinquechiese) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see Architect (disambiguation). ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... Designer is a broad term for a person who designs any of a variety of things. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ...

Known as Lajkó, Breuer studied and taught at the Bauhaus in the 1920s, stressing the combination of art and technology, and eventually became the head of the school's cabinet-making shop. He later practiced in Berlin, designing houses and commercial spaces, as well as a number of tubular metal furniture pieces, replicas of which are still in production today. For the British gothic rock band, see Bauhaus (band). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ...

Perhaps the most widely-recognized of Breuer's early designs was the first bent tubular steel chair, later known as the Wassily Chair, designed in 1925 and inspired, in part, by the curved tubular steel handlebars on Breuer's Adler bicycle. Despite the widespread popular belief that the chair was designed for painter Wassily Kandinsky, Breuer's colleague on the Bauhaus faculty, it was not; Kandinsky admired Breuer's finished chair design, and only then did Breuer make an additional copy for Kandinsky's use in his home. When the chair was re-released in the 1960s, it was designated "Wassily" by its Italian manufacturer, who had learned that Kandinsky had been the recipient of one of the earliest post-prototype units. Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer The Model B3 chair, also known as the Wassily Chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer for the constructivist painter Wassily Kandinsky. ... Wassily Kandinsky (Russian: Василий Кандинский, first name pronounced as [vassi:li]) (December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1866 – December 13, 1944) was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. ...

In the 1930s, due to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, Breuer relocated to London. While in London, Breuer was employed by Jack Pritchard at the Isokon company; one of the earliest introducers of modern design to the United Kingdom. Breuer designed his Long Chair as well as experimenting with bent and formed plywood. Breuer eventually ended up in the United States. He taught at Harvard's architecture school, working with students such as Philip Johnson and Paul Rudolph who later became well-known U.S. architects. (At one point Johnson called Breuer "a peasant Mannerist".) At the same time, Breuer worked with old friend and Bauhaus colleague Walter Gropius, also at Harvard, on the design of several houses in the Boston area. Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal         Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD) is a graduate school at Harvard University offering degrees in Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Planning and Design. ... 1933 Portrait of Philip Johnson by Carl Van Vechten Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an influential American architect. ... Orange County Government Center in Goshen, N.Y., designed by Paul Rudolph in 1963; built in 1967. ... Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ...

Breuer dissolved his partnership with Gropius in May 1941 and established his own firm in New York. The Geller House I of 1945 is the first to employ Breuer's concept of the 'binuclear' house, with separate wings for the bedrooms and for the living / dining / kitchen area, separated by an entry hall, and with the distinctive 'butterfly' roof (two opposing roof surfaces sloping towards the middle, centrally drained) that became part of the popular modernist style vocabulary. A demonstration house set up in the MOMA garden in 1949 caused a new flurry of interest in the architect's work, and an appreciation written by Peter Blake. General Electric GE90-115B fanblade, on display at MOMA. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. ... There have been several notable individuals named Peter Blake. ...

The 1953 commission for UNESCO headquarters in Paris was a turning point for Breuer: a return to Europe, a return to larger projects after years of only residential commissions, and the beginning of Breuer's adoption of concrete as his primary medium. He became known as one of the leading practitioners of Brutalism, with an increasingly curvy, sculptural, personal idiom. Windows were often set in soft, pillowy depressions rather than sharp, angular recesses. Many architects remarked at his ability to make concrete appear "soft". UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... This article is about the construction material. ... Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned from the Modernist architectural movement and which flourished from the 1950s to the 1970s. ...

Breuer is sometimes incorrectly credited, or blamed, for the former Pan Am Building (now the MetLife Building), a high-rise in New York City considered to be unpopular. The Pan Am was actually credited to Walter Gropius. In 1969 Breuer developed a 30-story proposed skyscraper over Grand Central Terminal, called "Grand Central Tower", which Ada Louise Huxtable called 'a gargantuan tower of aggressive vulgarity', and became a cause celebre. Breuer's reputation was damaged, but the legal fall out improved the climate for landmark building preservation in New York City and across the United States. Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. ... The main concourse Grand Central Terminal (GCT, often unofficially called Grand Central Station) is a terminal rail station at 15 Vanderbilt Avenue (42nd Street and Park Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. ... Ada Louise Rene (Landman) Huxtable (b. ... Taj Mahal Big Ben Saint Basils Cathedral Azadi Square in Tehran For other senses of this word, see landmark (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Works (partial list)

Private residential buildings (U.S.)

• Hagerty House, Cohasset, MA. 1937-1938
• Breuer House I, Lincoln, MA. 1938-1939
• J. Ford House, Lincoln, MA. 1939
• Chamberlain Cottage, Wayland, MA. 1940
• Geller House, Lawrence, Long Island, NY. 1945
• Robinson House, Williamstown, MA. 1946-1948
• Breuer House II, New Canaan, CT. 1947-1948
• Cape Cod Cottages
  • Breuer Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1945-1949-1961
  • Kepes Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1948-1949
  • Edgar Stillman Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1953-1954
  • Wise Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1963
• Exhibition House in the MoMA Garden, Pocantico Hills, Tarrytown, NY. 1948-1949
• Clark House, Orange, CT. 1949-1951
• Pack House, Scarsdale, NY. 1950-1951
• Dexter Ferry Cooperative House of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY. 1951
• Grieco House, Andover, MA. 1954-1955
• Starkey House, Duluth, MN, 1954-1955
• Hooper House II, Baltimore County, MD. 1956-1959
• Stillman I, Litchfield, CT. 1950
• Stillman II, Litchfield, CT. 1966
• Stillman III, Litchfield, CT. 1974-75
• Roman Cottage, Litchfield, CT. 1974-75 (Breuer Cottage design; Built by Rufus Stillman)

Vassar College is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Founded as a womens college in 1861, it was the first member of the Seven Sisters to become coeducational. ...

Public / commercial buildings

• New York University (now Bronx Community College) University Heights Campus, Bronx, New York
  • Begrisch (Lecture) Hall. 1964
  • Gould Hall of Technology (now Polowczek Hall). 1964
  • Colston (Residence) Hall
  • Tech I & II (now Meister Hall)
• Wohnbedarf Furniture Store, Zurich.
• Doldertal Houses (apartment blocks), Zurich.
• Gane Pavilion, Bristol. 1936
• Pennsylvania Pavilion, New York's World Fair. 1939
• Aluminum City Terrace housing project, New Kensington, Pennsylvania. 1942-1944
• UNESCO headquarters, Paris, France. 1953 (with Pier Luigi Nervi and Bernard Zehrfuss).
• United States Embassy, The Hague, Netherlands. 1958
• The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 1966
• HUD office building, Washington, D.C.
• Bryn Mawr School lower school building, Baltimore, MD. 1970s.
• Litchfield High School, Litchfield, Conn.
• Cleveland Museum of Art expansion, Cleveland, Ohio.
• AT Tower, Cleveland, Ohio.
• Flaine, France. (the entire ski resort town, population 6000)
• Campus Center and Garage, University of Massachusetts Amherst. 1965/69
• St. John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota
  • Saint Thomas Hall. 1959
  • St. John's Abbey Church. 1961
  • Alcuin Library. 1964
  • Peter Engel Science Center. 1965
  • Saints Bernard, Patrick, and Boniface Halls. 1967
  • Institute for Ecumenical and Cultural Research. 1968
  • Bush Center for the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library. 1975
• Armstrong Rubber/Pirelli Tire Building, Long Wharf, New Haven, CT. 1969
• Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1970
• Australian Embassy in Paris (consulting architect). 1973
• American Press Institute, Reston, Va., 1974
• IBM Campus in Boca Raton, Florida.
• IBM laboratory in La Gaude, France
• St. Francis de Sales Parish - Muskegon, MI[1]
• Grosse Pointe Public Library, Central Branch, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI
• Clarksburg-Harrison County Public Library, Clarksburg, WV
• De Bijenkorf shopping mall, Rotterdam, Netherlands 1955-1957.

New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in New York City. ... The Bronx Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York system. ... New Kensington is a city located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Pier Luigi Nervi Pier Luigi Nervi (June 21, 1891 - January 9, 1979) was an Italian engineer and architect. ... Night view of Whitney Museum of American Art The Whitney Museum of American Art is an art gallery and museum in New York City founded in 1931 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. ... The Cleveland Museum of Art, South View from Wade Lagoon Located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, the Cleveland Museum of Art has a permanent collectionof more than 40,000 objects in 70 galleries. ... Cleveland redirects here. ... The AT Tower (formerly known as the Cleveland Trust Tower) is a brutalist skyscraper located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. ... Flaine is the name of a ski area located in the Haute Savoie region of the French Alps, and part of linked Grand Massif domain. ... The University of Massachusetts Amherst (otherwise known as UMass Amherst or UMass) is a research and land-grant university in Amherst, USA. The University of Massachusetts Amherst offers over 90 undergraduate and 65 graduate areas of study. ... The College of Saint Benedict (CSB), for women, and Saint John’s University (SJU), for men, are partnered liberal arts colleges respectively located in St. ... Collegeville Township is a township located in Stearns County, Minnesota. ... Long Wharf is a waterfront district and neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. ... Engineering education at Yale in New Haven, Connecticut has a long history going back to 1852 and its beginnings in the Sheffield Scientific School. ... Australian Embassy in Paris The distinctively modernist Australian Embassy in Paris is situated in the heart of the French capital, on Rue Jean Rey overlooking the the palisades of the Seine and a mere located 400 metres west of the Eiffel Tower. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...

Furniture

Wassily Chair

• African chair, Collaboration with the Bauhaus weaver Gunta Stölzl
• Sun Lounge Chair, Model No. 301
• Dressing Table & Bureau. 1922, 1925
• Slatted chairs (wood). 1922–24
• Wassily Chair No.B3. 1925
• Laccio Tables, small & large. 1927
• Wassily chair, folding. 1927
• Cesca Chair & Armchair. 1928
• Thornet Typist’s Desk. 1928
• Coffee Table. 1928
• Tubular steel furniture. 1928–29
• F 41 lounge chair on wheels. 1928–30
• Broom Cupboard. 1930
• Bookcase. 1931
• Armchair, Model No.301. 1932–34
• Aluminium chair. 1933
• Isokon chairs. 1935
• Aluminium chaise longue. 1935–36
• Plywood furniture (five pieces). 1936–37

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (776x728, 85 KB) Summary Computer graphic of famous chair designed by Marcel Breuer Own work, 16th July 2006, Borowski Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bauhaus... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (776x728, 85 KB) Summary Computer graphic of famous chair designed by Marcel Breuer Own work, 16th July 2006, Borowski Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bauhaus... Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer The Model B3 chair, also known as the Wassily Chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer for the constructivist painter Wassily Kandinsky. ... For the British gothic rock band, see Bauhaus (band). ... Gunta Stölzl (5 March 1897 – 22 April 1983) was a German born textile artist who played a fundamental role in the development of the Bauhaus school’s weaving workshop. ... Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer The Model B3 chair, also known as the Wassily Chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer for the constructivist painter Wassily Kandinsky. ... Cantilever chair Cesca by Marcel Breuer Cantilever chair by Mies van der Rohe A cantilever chair has no back legs, relying for support on the Penis properties of the material from which it is made out of condoms. ...

External links

• Marcel Breuer, Saint John's Abbey and University
• Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
  • The Marcel Breuer Papers Online
  • Marcel Breuer: A Centennial Celebration (2002 Exhibition)

In popular culture

• The face of Marcel Breuer was used by the danish rock band, Kashmir, as the fictive character "George", with the use of the body of Walter Gropius, another famous bauhaus artist. Their latest album also featured a cover with art done by El Lissitzky

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Marcel Breuer