Mariachi is a type of musical group, originally from Cocula, Jalisco, Mexico. Usually a mariachi consists of at least two violins, two trumpets, one Mexican guitar, one vihuela (a high-pitched, five-string guitar) and one guitarrón (a small-scaled acoustic bass). They dress in silver studded charro outfits with wide-brimmed hats. The original Mariachi were Mexican street musicians or buskers.^[1] Many mariachis are professional entertainers doing paid gigs in the mainstream entertainment industry. Professionals are normally skilled at more than one instrument, and they also sing. They sometimes accompany ranchera singers such as Vicente Fernandez. Although ranchera singers dress in a traje de charro, they are not mariachis. This article is about the Mexican musical genre and ensemble. ... El Mariachi is a 1992 motion picture production directed by Robert Rodriguez as the first chapter in his Mariachi Trilogy. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Guadalajara Government  - Governor Emilio González Márquez (PAN)  - Federal Deputies PAN: 18 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Eva Contreras (PAN) Héctor Pérez (PAN) Ramiro Hernández (PRI) Area Ranked 6th  - State 30,534. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ... Guitarron The guitarrón (literally large guitar in Spanish, the suffix -ón denoting large) is a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands. ... Vihuela is the name of two different guitar-like string instruments: the historical vihuela (proper) of 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings, and the modern Mexican vihuela from 20th century Mexico with five strings and typically played in Mariachi bands. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Trumpeter redirects here. ... For other uses, see Harp (disambiguation). ... The ranchera is a genre of the traditional music of Mexico. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... Nortec (from the combination of norteño and techno) is an electronic musical genre from Tijuana (a border city in Baja California, Mexico) that first gained popularity in the late 1990s. ... For the Spanish entertainer whose full name is Maria Rosario Pilar Martinez Molina Baeza, see Charo. ... Jarabe Tapatío in the traditional China Poblana dress. ... The zapateado is a Spanish dance characterized by a lively rhythm puncuated by the clapping of the dancers heels. ... Son Huasteco is a traditional mexican musical style of the Sierra Huasteca. ... The huapango is a lively Mexican dance of Spanish origin that is especially popular in the lands along the Gulf of Mexico. ... For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ... Trumpeter redirects here. ... Vihuela is the name of two different guitar-like string instruments: the historical vihuela (proper) of 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings, and the modern Mexican vihuela from 20th century Mexico with five strings and typically played in Mariachi bands. ... Guitarron The guitarrón (literally large guitar in Spanish, the suffix -ón denoting large) is a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands. ... For the Spanish entertainer whose full name is Maria Rosario Pilar Martinez Molina Baeza, see Charo. ... A street musician with accordion in Bremen A performance comprises an event in which generally one group of people (the performer or performers) behave in a particular way for the benefit of another group of people (the viewer or viewers, or audience). ... vicente fernandez ...

Although mariachis are hired to play at events such as weddings and other formal occasions, such as a quinceañera (fifteenth birthday celebration for girls), they are very often used to serenade women because many of the songs in a typical repertoire have as a theme the desire to touch the heart of the opposite sex. Some of the songs are sad; others are about how much that special someone appreciates your company. Trios of mariachis can be found for hire in different places at night (the best known venues are Plaza de los Mariachis in Guadalajara and Plaza Garibaldi in Mexico City) for the purposes of serenading. Mother's days are also another popular occasion for mariachis. Nuptial is the adjective of wedding. It is used for example in zoology to denote plumage, coloration, behavior, etc related to or occurring in the mating season. ... For other uses, see Quinceañera (disambiguation). ... Coordinates: , Country State Foundation 1542 Government  - Mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah ( PAN) Area  - City 187. ... Plaza Garibaldi is a plaza in Mexico City famous for its gatherings of itinerant mariachi and jarocho bands (buskers). ... Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México, D.F. or simply México) is the capital city of Mexico. ...

Tourists frequently confuse mariachis with all types of buskers seen in Mexico, such as jarochos. Mariachi refers to musicians who dress and play in a style typical of the Mexican state of Jalisco, although the style and music played has spread far beyond the limits of Jalisco and jalisciense music itself. Generally a guitarrón and a vihuela must be included for a group to be considered a mariachi. Jarocho is a Spanish language word used in Mexico to describe a person, item or music from the state or city of Veracruz, Mexico. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Guadalajara Government  - Governor Emilio González Márquez (PAN)  - Federal Deputies PAN: 18 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Eva Contreras (PAN) Héctor Pérez (PAN) Ramiro Hernández (PRI) Area Ranked 6th  - State 30,534. ...

Origins

A group of mariachi at the Guadalajara festival.

Mariachi music as we know it today results from the confluence of several different influences: European styled concert ensembles on haciendas composed of violins, harp, guitars, jawharps and other instruments, simpler coastal folk ensembles whose African influence gives mariachi some of its key rhythmic elements, and the harp and violin ensembles of the tierra caliente.^[2] It originated in the Mexican state of Jalisco, according to popular legend in the town of Cocula, in the 19th century, the first example cited in print dates from 1880. ^[3] By the end of the nineteenth century, the vihuela, two violins, and the guitarrón which had replaced the harp, were the instruments of the mariachi(s). Trumpets, now a key part of the mariachi sound were introduced later, during the early days of broadcast radio. Image File history File linksMetadata Guadalajara_mariachis. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Guadalajara_mariachis. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Guadalajara Government  - Governor Emilio González Márquez (PAN)  - Federal Deputies PAN: 18 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Eva Contreras (PAN) Héctor Pérez (PAN) Ramiro Hernández (PRI) Area Ranked 6th  - State 30,534. ... Coordinates: , Country State Municipality Cocula Government  - Municipal President Arturo Facundo Ramírez ( PRD) Elevation 1,350 m (4,429 ft) Population (N/A)  - Total 26,460 (municipality)  - Urban 13,230 (town)  - Demonym Coculense Time zone CST (UTC-6) Postal code Website: www. ... Vihuela is the name of two different guitar-like string instruments: the historical vihuela (proper) of 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings, and the modern Mexican vihuela from 20th century Mexico with five strings and typically played in Mariachi bands. ... Guitarron The guitarrón (literally large guitar in Spanish, the suffix -ón denoting large) is a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands. ...

Etymology

Musicologists and folklorists have argued for years over the origin of mariachi.

Standard Spanish dictionaries and encyclopedias name the French word mariage (meaning wedding or marriage) as a possible origin, and date it back to the 1860s, when Maximillian of Habsburg was Emperor of Mexico. This theory was probably first put forward by Alfonso Reyes. Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México) (July 6, 1832 – June 19, 1867) (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph) was a member of Austrias Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family. ... This is a list of emperors and pretenders to the throne of Mexico. ... Alfonso Reyes El regiomontano universal was born in Monterrey, Mexico, in 1889, and died in Mexico City in 1959. ...

Another probable theory of the origin of the word mariachi is that it originated in the language of the Cora, an indigenous people of Nayarit (not Jalisco where the band originated). It may refer to the wood used to make the instruments, but this explanation has yet to be proven linguistically. approximation of the extension of the Cora habitat The Cora are an indigenous ethnic group of Western Central Mexico that live in the Sierra de Nayarit and in La Mesa de Nayar in the mexican states of Jalisco and Nayarit. ...

History

In the 19th century, many Mariachi were roaming laborers moving from one hacienda to another, often more than the average laborer. With the revolution, however, many of the haciendas were forced to dismiss the mariachi, who then wandered from town to town singing songs (corridos) of revolutionary heroes and enemies, and carrying news from one place to another. The Mariachi took to playing in public venues for tips. One of the most popular of these venues was San Pedro Tlaquepaque in the state of Jalisco, a fashionable place for the residents of Guadalajara to spend the summer. Hacienda is a Spanish word describing a vast ranch, common in the Pampa. ... San Pedro Tlaquepaque, or simply Tlaquepaque, is a municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Guadalajara Government  - Governor Emilio González Márquez (PAN)  - Federal Deputies PAN: 18 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Eva Contreras (PAN) Héctor Pérez (PAN) Ramiro Hernández (PRI) Area Ranked 6th  - State 30,534. ... Coordinates: , Country State Foundation 1542 Government  - Mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah ( PAN) Area  - City 187. ...

From the beginning, mariachi music was dance music. The traditional dance technique associated with both the son jalisciense and son jarocho is the zapateado. When dancing the zapateado, which originated in Spain, the performers drive the heels of their boots into the dance-floor, pounding out swift, often syncopated rhythms which complement that of the musical instruments. Another typical mariachi dance, the Jarabe tapatío or Mexican Hat Dance, from Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, has become the national dance of Mexico. It is highly stylized, with prescribed movements and costumes. The male wears the classic outfit of the Jalisco horsemen, similar to the outfit of a cowboy, or charro, while the female wears a hand-woven shawl and a bright sequined skirt. The zapateado is a Spanish dance characterized by a lively rhythm puncuated by the clapping of the dancers heels. ... Jarabe Tapatío in the traditional China Poblana dress. ... Coordinates: , Country State Foundation 1542 Government  - Mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah ( PAN) Area  - City 187. ... Location within Mexico Country Capital Municipalities 126 Largest City Guadalajara Government  - Governor Emilio González Márquez (PAN)  - Federal Deputies PAN: 18 PRI: 1  - Federal Senators Eva Contreras (PAN) Héctor Pérez (PAN) Ramiro Hernández (PRI) Area Ranked 6th  - State 30,534. ... For the Spanish entertainer whose full name is Maria Rosario Pilar Martinez Molina Baeza, see Charo. ...

Until the 1930s, Mariachis were semi-professional and almost entirely unknown outside their own region. This began to change when Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán, founded by Gaspar Vargas in 1898, went from Jalisco to Mexico City. President Lázaro Cárdenas invited them to play at his inauguration in 1934, and later to accompany him in his campaign in 1936. The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán is a Mariachi group that was founded in Mexico by Don Gaspar Vargas in 1897. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México, D.F. or simply México) is the capital city of Mexico. ... This article is about Gen. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Silvestre Vargas, who had taken over from his father as leader of the Mariachi Vargas in 1928, soon hired a trained musician, Rubén Fuentes, as musical director. Together, Vargas and Fuentes standardized musical arrangements for many of the popular sones and insisted on the use of written music, which greatly facilitated the exchange among different mariachi bands. Their arrangements were used by the great singers of their time, including Pedro Infante, Lola Beltran, Jorge Negrete, Javier Solís and José Alfredo Jiménez. Influenced by jazz and Cuban music in the 1950s, they introduced the trumpet into the standard ensemble, which now included six to eight violins, a guitarrón, a vihuela, a guitar, two trumpets, and occasionally a harp as well. Trumpets were also introduced to mariachi music to accommodate the technical limitations of music recording equipment available for the cinema. However, nowadays trumpets have become an essential part of the signature mariachi sound, as exemplified by the opening notes of "El Son de la Negra." Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rubén Fuentes is a classical violinist and composer, who is best known for his contributions to mariachi music. ... Pedro Infante (left) and Jorge Negrete José Pedro Infante Cruz (November 18, 1917 - April 18, 1957), better known as Pedro Infante, is perhaps the most famous actor and singer of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema and idol of the Mexican people, together with Jorge Negrete or Javier Solís. ... Lola Beltrán on the cover of one of her albums Lola Beltrán (born María Lucila Beltrán Ruiz on March 7, 1932 in Rosario, Sinaloa – died March 24, 1996 in Mexico City) was one of the greatest Mexican ranchera singers, nicknamed Lola la Grande (Lola the Great... Jorge Alberto Negrete Moreno (November 30, 1911 - December 5, 1953) was a Mexican singer and movie star. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... José Alfredo Jiménez (born January 9, 1926 in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, died November 23, 1973 in Mexico City, Mexico) was a Mexican singer-songwriter in the ranchera style. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... Guitarron The guitarrón (literally large guitar in Spanish, the suffix -ón denoting large) is a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands. ... Vihuela is the name of two different guitar-like string instruments: the historical vihuela (proper) of 16th century Spain, usually with 12 paired strings, and the modern Mexican vihuela from 20th century Mexico with five strings and typically played in Mariachi bands. ...

Aided by the advent of radio, television, and the movies, mariachi music went on to become a definitive part of Mexican culture, and the Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán appeared in over 200 films in the 1940s and 1950s, often considered the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... The Golden age of the cinema of Mexico (in Spanish: Época de oro del cine mexicano) is the name given to the period between 1935 and 1959 where the quality and economic success of the cinema of Mexico reached its peak. ... The history of Mexican cinema goes back to the beginning of the 20th century, when several enthusiasts of the new medium documented historical events – most particularly the Mexican Revolution – and produced some movies that have been only recently been rediscovered. ...

Prior to the 1930s, photographs show early mariachis dressed in calzones de manta, and huaraches, homespun white cotton pants and shirts and leather sandals, the clothes worn by most peasants in Jalisco. During the 1930s, however, many mariachi took to wearing the traje de charro, consisting of a waist-length jacket and tightly fitted wool pants which open slightly at the ankle to fit over a short riding boot. Both pants and jacket are often ornamented with embroidery, intricately cut leather designs, or silver buttons in a variety of shapes. This outfit is often complemented by a large bow-tie, a wide belt and a large sombrero. It is said that General Porfirio Díaz ordered a mariachi band to wear charro suits while playing for the United States Secretary of State. If true, this may be the source of traditional dress for mariachi bands. The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... Sombrero Sombrero means hat in Spanish. ... José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mory (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), Mexican war volunteer and French intervention hero; later President. ... For the Spanish entertainer whose full name is Maria Rosario Pilar Martinez Molina Baeza, see Charo. ...

The mariachi tradition was further extended to a widespread mainstream audience in the United States when popular American folk rock singer Linda Ronstadt realized her dream of making a record of Mexican Canciones in 1987. Ronstadt came from a leading Arizona ranch family who had a long tradition of making and singing Mexican folk music. In 1987, her Canciones De Mi Padre disc was a surprise smash hit with the American public and brought Mariachi music to a level of recognition and credibility it had not seen before north of the border. The album went on to multi-platinum status, becoming at the time the biggest selling non-English language disc in United States history. It also spawned a successful videocassette of Linda's elaborate stage show which was later released on DVD. Ronstadt went on to record a sequel titled "Mas Canciones." Linda Marie Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946 in Tucson, Arizona) is an American popular vocalist and entertainer who has earned multiple Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, numerous certified gold, platinum and multiplatinum albums, and Tony Award and Golden Globe nominations. ...

The mariachi tradition has been extensively influenced from Mexico to the United States, Argentina and to other countries, particularly Colombia. Colombian music is highly influenced by popular Mexican mariachi traditions.^{[citation needed]}

The American composer Jeff Nevin has composed a Concerto for Mariachi and Orchestra, which was premiered by the La Jolla Symphony.

Music

Luis Miguel.

The contemporary mariachi ensemble plays a wide range of music: sones jalisciences, rancheras, corridos, sones jarocho, sones istmeños, huapangos (or sones huastecos), boleros, canciones, jarabes, danzónes, valses, pasos dobles and recently cumbias and other modern rhythms. Image File history File links Luismiguelconcierto2. ... Image File history File links Luismiguelconcierto2. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The ranchera is a genre of the traditional music of Mexico. ... The corrido is a popular narrative song and poetry form, a ballad, of the mestizo Mexican cultural area (which includes the Southwestern states of the United States, taken from Mexican sovereignty in the mid 19th Century). ... Son Jarocho is a traditional musical style of Veracruz, Mexico. ... Jarocho is a Spanish language word used in Mexico to describe a person, item or music from the state or city of Veracruz, Mexico. ... The huapango is a lively Mexican dance of Spanish origin that is especially popular in the lands along the Gulf of Mexico. ... Son Huasteco is a traditional mexican musical style of the Sierra Huasteca. ... Lineart drawing of a man dancing the Bolero, with castanets For other uses, see Bolero (disambiguation). ... The jarabe is one of the most traditional song forms of the mariachi genre. ... Danzón is the official music of Cuba, and derives from a European-influenced ballroom dance played by Cuban ensembles. ... Vals can refer to: The Vals style of tango Several places in France; traditionally refers to the commune of Vals-les-bains This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Paso Doble or pasodoble is a lively style of dance to the duple meter march-like pasodoble music. ... Monument to the dance and music of cumbia in El Banco. ...

Mariachi music gets its characteristic sound from the various Jalisco sons (sones jaliscienses) that formed the basis of the early ensembles repertoire. There are two principal catgories of son in Jalisco: those from the South (sones del sur) and those from the North (sones alteñeos). The sones in the South were influenced by African music brought to the coastal regions by slaves who worked sugar plantations there during colonial times, and by the folk traditions of the high plateaus of the tirra caliente. The sones in the North were influenced by the criollo ensembles popular on haciendas. The mixture of the rhythmic complexity of music from the south and the clog-dance driven structure of the music from the north came together to form a village son jalisciense in the larger towns of central Jalisco, and from that the mariachi sound emerged.^[4]

Technique

Traditional mariachi music is made up of a combination of song-specific melodies and common tropes (introductions, bridges, and codas). The presence of the tropes allows for an ensemble to play a piece without everyone in the ensemble needing to know it well. Much of the ensemble can play basic obligato parts for much of any given piece and still demonstrate virtuosity in the trope figures.

Mariachi violin music is typically played in fixed positions, and the positions are generally limited to I and III. Most mariachi pieces are made up of collections of smaller pieces, and with respect to the violin, it's common to include some in the first and some in the fifth position. For example in the famous Jarabe Tapatío, the first two sections are in first position, followed by two section in third with a short bridge in first, after which the piece finishes in first. The nearly exclusive use of these two relatively stable positions facilitates playing together in tune.^[5] For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ...

Attire

Mariachis play the vihuela and the guitar.

The musicians’ background was from working-class and rural towns, so the first Mariachis dressed in a peasants attire, which included large straw sombreros with a chin strap, a hat band, red sarape or black wool blanket over the shoulder, long straight-cut muslin pants, a cotton shirt of the same material called manta, a red sash around the waist, and simple huaraches (sandals). The black wool blanket and the red sash are the only added item.^[6] The traje de charro evokes gentleman landowners and talented cowboys (charros) of the time of Maximillian's rule. Mariachi performers demonstrate two special instruments -- the vihuela (left) and the guittarón. ... Mariachi performers demonstrate two special instruments -- the vihuela (left) and the guittarón. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Statue of a coal miner in Charleston, WV, USA. Working class is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation. ... Categories: 1911 Britannica | Historical stubs | Feudalism ... Categories: Stub | Hats ... A sarape is a colorful garment worn by the peoples of Central America. ... Muslin is a type of finely-woven cotton fabric, introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the 17th century. ... Modern multi-colored womens Sandalette Yoga sandals Modern style popularized by Teva. ... Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (Emperador Maximiliano I de México) (July 6, 1832 – June 19, 1867) (born Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph) was a member of Austrias Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family. ...

Instrumentation

Current mariachi instrumentation includes a guitarrón, a vihuela, a guitar, violins, and trumpets. Some groups might use a guitarra de golpe, a mariachi harp or even a flute. From the 70's some singers have occasionally added other instruments as accordion, organ, keyboard, harmonica, saxophone and even drums, although they were considered additions, never part of the mariachi instrumentation itself. During the last years ranchera singers as Alejandro Fernandez, Pablo Montero and Pepe Aguilar have made fusions of mariachi with orchestra and drums/percussions giving birth to a mariachi/pop ballads crossover style. Guitarron The guitarrón (literally large guitar in Spanish, the suffix -ón denoting large) is a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played in mariachi bands. ... Orpheus playing a vihuela. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ... Trumpeter redirects here. ... For other uses, see Harp (disambiguation). ... â™  This article is about the family of musical instruments. ... Alejandro Fernandez is a Mexican singer. ... Pablo Montero (born c. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Venue

The Mariachi music became the symbol of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) because it represented the Mexican’s national spirit or the Spanish-indigenous blood of Mexican ethnicity. The Mariachi has different forms of music such as son, cancion ranchera, bolero ranchero, huapango and polka.^[7] As well, Mariachi is poetic using the copla and seguidilla forms.^[7] Mariachi music is played for serenades, baptism, birthdays, quinceañeras, weddings, Mother’s Days, funerals, conventions, store openings, company parties, civic celebrations, political campaigns, Mass, or in restaurants, bars, theaters, radio and television shows.^[8] This music is so anchored in Mexico’s history that it is found in all types of celebration. Over time, this popularity has divided Mariachi music into two types: the authentic folk mariachi which consists of only string instruments and the commercial urban Mariachi which has changed the original music the mariachis played.^[9] The music was at first introduced by men, today the women mariachis have been on the rise. This came with the popularity of Mariachi music among the Mexican community living in the United States which allowed women to be part of this cultural phenomenon.^[10] Still, the presence of women in Mariachi bands within Mexico's borders remains scarce. This article is about the Mexican Revolution of 1910. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Son is a style of Cuban music which became popular in the second half of the 19th century in the eastern province of Oriente. ... The huapango is a lively Mexican dance of Spanish origin that is especially popular in the lands along the Gulf of Mexico. ... Street musicians in Prague playing a polka Polka is a fast, lively Central European dance, and also a genre of dance music. ... The seguidilla is a quick, triple-time Spanish folksong and dance form. ... Serenade by Judith Leyster. ... For other uses, see Quinceañera (disambiguation). ...

See also

• Music of Mexico

Mexican music redirects here. ...

Notes

1. ^ http://www.webster.com/dictionary/mariachi
2. ^ Chamorro Escalante, Mariachi Antiguo p. 24
3. ^ http://www.salontenampa.com/historia.htm
4. ^ Chamorro Escalante - Mariachi Antiguo p. 71
5. ^ See Laura Sobrino's transcription in Mariachi Violin Transcriptions - Pacific, MO (2000) Mel Bay Inc.
6. ^ Simonett 137
7. ^ ^{a b} Sheehy 28
8. ^ Sheehy 2, 3
9. ^ Simonett 136
10. ^ Sheehy 59

References

• Chamorro Escalante, J Arturo - Mariachi Antiguo, Jarabe y Son - Guadalajara (2006) Secretaría de Cultra de Jalisco
• Jáuregui, Jesús - El Mariachi. Símbolo Musical de México - México D.F. (2007) Taurus

External links

• Desde la Cuna del Mariachi
• Tucson's Ronstadt Family