NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mariano Rampolla

Mariano Cardinal Rampolla del Tindaro (Polizzi Generosa, Sicily, August 17, 1843 – December 17, 1913, Rome) was a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x741, 86 KB) Description: Vestments of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red chimere, apostolical cross. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... Polizzi Generosa: A small town in Palermo (Prov. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ...

Rampolla was the son of Ignazio Rampolla, Count of Tindaro, and of his wife, Orsola Errante. He is often referred to with the title of marquess, but this appears to be inaccurate.

Rampolla was educated at the Collegio Capranica and the Pontifical Gregorian University. Having displayed a considerable ability in Oriental languages, he was sent to the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles as preparation for service in the Roman Curia. The Pontifical Gregorian University The Pontifical Gregorian University is a Roman Catholic university in Rome. ... The Roman Curia â€” usually called the Vatican â€” is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ...

In 1866 Rampolla was ordained priest. In 1874 he was named a Canon of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. In 1875 he was sent to Spain as Auditor of the papal nunciature. In 1877 he returned to Rome and was named Secretary for Oriental Affairs of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. The following year he was made a Protonotary apostolic de numero participantium. In 1880 he was named Secretary of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, and then also Secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is the largest church in Rome dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. ... The headquarters of the Propaganda fide in Rome, North facade on Piazza di Spagna by architect Bernini, the southwest facade seen here by Borromini: etching by Giuseppe Vasi, 1761 [1] The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsibile for... The prothonotary is the chief court clerk in certain courts of law in certain Anglo-American jurisdictions, including the American states of Pennsylvania and Delaware, the Federal Court of Canada, and the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. ...

In December 1882 Rampolla was made titular archbishop of Eraclea, and consecrated bishop by Cardinal Edward Howard. This was in preparation for his nomination as papal nuncio to Spain several weeks later. When first appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Honolulu in Hawaii, Joseph Anthony Ferrario became a titular bishop of the ancient Egyptian city of Cusae. ... A Papal Nuncio (also known as an Apostolic Nuncio) is a permanent diplomatic representative (head of mission) of the Holy See to a state, having ambassadorial rank. ...

On March 14, 1887 Pope Leo XIII created Rampolla a Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. On June 2 he was appointed Secretary of State. In this office (as previously in Spain), Rampolla employed Giacomo della Chiesa, the future Benedict XV, as his secretary. For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Pope Leo XIII Supreme Pontiff (1878-1903) Leo XIII, né Gioacchino Pecci (March 2, 1810 - July 20, 1903) was Pope from 1878 to 1903. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Facade of Santa Cecilia, a 1725 project by Ferdinando Fuga, with the 12th century belltower. ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. ... Pope Benedict XV Benedict XV, né Giacomo della Chiesa (November 21, 1854-January 22, 1922), was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1914 to 1922; he succeeded Pope Saint Pius X. He was born in Genoa, Italy, of a noble family. ...

When Leo XIII died in 1903, it was widely expected that Rampolla would be elected pope. His candidacy gained momentum until the last moment, but the Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph I (one of the three Catholic powers with pretensions to such a capacity^{[citation needed]}) imposed a veto, the "Jus Exclusivæ", right in the middle of the Conclave, through the agency of Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko, Prince-Archbishop of Kraków, who was subsequently awarded the highest Austro-Hungarian decoration, the Grand Cross of State. 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Franz Joseph I Franz Joseph (in English also Francis Joseph) (August 18, 1830 - November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and King of Hungary from 1867 until 1916. ... Superscript text This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Jus ExclusivÃ¦[[1]], or papal veto was the right, claimed by three Catholic powers, France, Spain, and Austria, to veto a candidate for the Papacy. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... Prince Jan Maurycy Paweł Cardinal Puzyna de Kosielsko (b. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Wawel Hill, Old Town, KrakÃ³w. ...

Austria's opposition was a result of the pro-French positions adopted by Rampolla, positions which reflected, of course, the moderate policies of Leo XIII. Part of the Holy See's policy involving France was the attempted reconciliation of French Catholics with their nation's republican government.

While formally protesting this intrusion, the Cardinals would not specifically offend such a prominent Catholic power, and support for Rampolla dissipated, leading to the election of Giuseppe Sarto as Pope Pius X. Explicitly abolishing any veto "rights" was one of the new Pope's first official acts. Pope St. ...

Pius X chose the secretary of the conclave that had elected him, Rafael Merry del Val, to succeed Rampolla as Secretary of State. Already in poor health, Rampolla spent his remaining years in less demanding positions, serving in his last year as Librarian of the Holy Roman Church. The Servant of God Rafael Cardinal Merry del Val y Zulueta (October 10, 1865 â€“ February 26, 1930) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal (Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede) from 1903 until his death. ...

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