Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Empress of France
Born	12 December 1791
	Vienna, Austria
Died	17 December 1847
	Parma, Italy
Consort	March 11, 1810 - April 6, 1814
Consort to	Napoleon I Adam-Adalbert Charles-René
Issue	Napoleon II, Albertine, Wilhelm Albrecht, Mathilde
Royal House	House of Hasburg
Father	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies

Marie Louise (full name: Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia von Habsburg-Lothringen, later after 1817 in Italian Maria Luigia d'Asburgo-Lorena, Duchessa di Parma, Piacenza, e Guastalla) (b. December 12, 1791 – d. December 17, 1847) was an Austrian archduchess, the second wife of Napoléon Bonaparte and Empress of the French, and later sovereign Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (801x1065, 124 KB) A lithographic work by Joseph Kriehuber, photographed by Peter Geymayer. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Parma (PR) Mayor Elvio Ubaldi (since May 28, 2002) Elevation 55 m Area 260 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 175,789  - Density 676/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Parmigiani (Parmensi are called the provinces inhabitants) Dialing code... March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Napoleon II, Duke of Reichstadt (March 20, 1811 – July 22, 1832) was the son of Napoleon Bonaparte, and briefly the second Emperor of the French. ... Francis I in Austrian coronation regalia, 1832 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (German language: Franz II, Heiliger Römischer Kaiser) also referred to as Franz I, Emperor of Austria (February 12, 1768 – March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The title of Archduke (in German Erzherzog) was invented in the Privilegium Maius, a forgery initiated by Duke Rudolf IV of Austria. ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. ...

Biography

Archduchess Marie Louise was born in Vienna, the daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis I of Austria) and of his second wife, Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies. Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Francis I in Austrian coronation regalia, 1832 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (German language: Franz II, Heiliger Römischer Kaiser) also referred to as Franz I, Emperor of Austria (February 12, 1768 – March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the...

On March 11, 1810, Marie Louise married Napoléon by proxy, with a subsequent ceremony taking place in the chapel of the Louvre on 1 April 1810. The bride's father intended the marriage to strengthen links between the Austrian Empire and the France of the First French Empire. Napoleon sought the validation and legitimation of his Empire by marrying a member of the House of Habsburg, one of the oldest ruling families of Europe. He also hoped to cement his position by fathering a legitimate heir. Napoleon had previously tried to marry Grand Duchess Anna of the House of Romanov, younger sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, but his proposal had been refused. March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Proxy may refer to something which acts on behalf of something else as in: Proxy democracy, a bottom-up democracy or delegative democracy Proxy server, a computer network service that allows clients to make indirect network connections to other network services Proxy pattern, a software design pattern in computer programming... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor For the history of these states before 1804, see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia (1795 - 1865). ... The House of Romanov (Рома́нов, pronounced ) was the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled Muscovy and the Russian Empire for five generations from 1613 to 1762. ... Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ...

On March 20, 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt. Marie Louise acted as Regent from April to December 1812 during the Russian campaign and again from April 1813 to January 1815 during her husband's absence in the German campaign. March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon II, Duke of Reichstadt (March 20, 1811 – July 22, 1832) was the son of Napoleon Bonaparte, and briefly the second Emperor of the French. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1,285 km²  (496. ...

Duchess of Parma

After Napoleon's abdication in April 1814, Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois, and then to Vienna. The Treaty of Paris of April 30, 1814 allowed her to retain her imperial rank and style (Her Imperial Majesty The Empress Marie Louise) and made her the ruler of the duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, with her son as heir. However, in 1815, the Congress of Vienna revised this arrangement and made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, with the details of who would become Duke of Parma after her death unspecified. In 1817 a treaty was signed which would leave the duchies to a member of the House of Bourbon. In 1844 it was determined that the duchy of Guastalla would be inherited by the Duke of Modena. City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région ÃŽle-de-France Département Paris (75) Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Mayor Bertrand Delanoë  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land... Blois is a city in France, the préfecture (capital) city of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... The 1814 Treaty of Paris, signed on May 30, 1814, ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition of the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, Sweden and Prussia. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. ... The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. ... The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860. ... The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich and held on the way to Vienna, Austria, from September 1, 1814, to June 9, 1815. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena. ...

In 1821, four months after Napoleon's death, Marie Louise married morganatically her lover, Adam-Adalbert, Count of Neipperg (1775-1829). The couple had three children, the first two of whom were born before Marie Louise and Neipperg were married: A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between persons of unequal social rank (unebenbürtig in German), which prevents the passage of the husbands titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage. ...

• Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817-1867), married Luigi Sanvitale, Count of Fontanellato)
• Wilhelm Albrecht, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819-1895), married Countess Juliana Batthyány von Németújvár)
• Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo (born 1822)

In 1834 Marie-Louise married, morganatically, her grand chamberlain, Charles-René, Count of Bombelles (1785-1856). Chamberlain can have several meanings: A chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing the household of a sovereign. ...

By most accounts she turned out to be an able and intelligent ruler of Parma, introducing various reforms and working hard to benefit her new subjects.

Marie Louise died in 1847 at Parma. Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Parma (PR) Mayor Elvio Ubaldi (since May 28, 2002) Elevation 55 m Area 260 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 175,789  - Density 676/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Parmigiani (Parmensi are called the provinces inhabitants) Dialing code...

Trivia

When Marie Louise moved to France, she brought with her a number of Austrian recipes. She developed a recipe for roquefort stuffed chopped beef that became quite popular later in restaurants. Roquefort can have one of several meanings: Roquefort cheese Roquefort, the mouse in Disneys The Aristocats Roquefort is the name or part of the name of several communes in France: Roquefort, in the Gers département Roquefort, in the Landes département Roquefort, in the Lot-et-Garonne d...