Marina Militare naval jack

Marina Militare (Italian Navy) is one of the four branches of the military forces of Italy. It was born in 1946, as the Navy of the Italian Republic, from the ashes of the Regia Marina. Marina Militare celebrates on 10 June, on the anniversary (1918) of the sinking of the Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István. Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Naval_Jack_of_Italy. ... Military branches Esercito Italiano (Army) Marina Militare (Navy) Aeronautica Militare (Air Force) Carabinieri (Military police) The Guardia di Finanza is a specialized police and fight against financial crimes, illegal drugs trafficking, customs and borders control. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Italian Regia Marina (literally: Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... SMS Szent István was an Austro-Hungarian dreadnought battleship, the only one operated by the Hungarian part of the empire. ...

Structure

Marina Militare is divided into six corps:

• Stato Maggiore (the actual Navy);
• Genio Navale (naval combat engineering)
• Commissariato Militare Marittimo (commissariat)
• Armi Navali (technical/gunnery specialist)
• Corpo Sanitario (sanitary service)
• Capitanerie di Porto (coast guard).

Combat engineers place satchel charges and detonating cord, preparatory to blowing up a railway bridge during the Korean War, 30 Jul 1950. ... A commissariat is the department of an army charged with the provision of supplies, both food and forage, for the troops. ... Canadian Coast Guard ship and helicopter A coast guard enforces maritime law, maintains aids to navigation such as beacons and buoys, and provides other services for the benefit of mariners. ...

Ensign

Ensign of the Marina Militare. Merchant navy adopts a similar ensign, with the crown removed.

The ensign of the Marina Militare is the Italian tricolour with Marina Militare emblem on the white third. The emblem is composed by a shield, whose four parts are reference to Medieval Italian Thalassocracies (Italian: Repubbliche Marinare): Image File history File links Naval_Ensign_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Naval_Ensign_of_Italy. ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... National flag and state ensign. ... The term thalassocracy (from the Greek Θαλασσο-κρατία) refers to a state with primarily maritime realms—an empire at sea, such as the Phoenician network of merchant cities. ...

• 1st quarter: on red, a golden winged lion wielding a sword (Republic of Venice);
• 2nd quarter: on white field, red cross (Republic of Genoa);
• 3rd quarter: on blue field, white cross (Republic of Amalfi);
• 4th quarter: on red field, white cross (Republic of Pisa).

The shield has a golden crown, that distinguish military vessels from merchant: the crown, "Corona rostrata", was proposed in 1939 by Admiral Cavagnari to the Government, as an acknowledge of the Italian Navy's origin since the Roman times. In the proposal, Adm. Cavagnari wrote that "in order to recall the common origin [of the Navy] from the Roman sailorship, the Insignia will be surmounted by the towered Crown with rostrums, the emblem of honour and valour the Roman Senate awarded to the leaders of naval victories, conquerors of lands and cities across the seas". Another difference with the merchant vessels flag is that the lion symbolizing the Republic of Venice has the book in its paw closed (the Mattew's Gospel, that on the Republic Insignia is open on the words "Pax tibi Marce, evangelista meus", Peace to you Mattew, my Evangelist) and it is wielding a sword. Map of the Venetian Republic, circa 1000 CE. The republic is in dark red, borders in light red. ... The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca. ... The Amalfi coast. ... Country Italy Region Toscana Province Pisa (PI) Mayor Paolo Fontanelli (since May 25, 2003) Elevation 4 m Area 185 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2005) 90,482  - Density 462/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Pisani Dialing code 050 Postal code 56100 Frazioni Marina di Pisa...

History

The Marina Militare Italiana was born as Regia Marina on 17 March 1861, after the proclamation of the Italian Kingdom The Italian Regia Marina (literally: Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. ... Italian unification process. ...

See: Regia Marina The Italian Regia Marina (literally: Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. ...

After World War II

At the end of World War II, Italy was as a devastated nation after five years of war. After the end of hostilities the Regia Marina, which at the beginning of the war was the fourth largest navy in the world with a mix of modernised and new battleships, started a long and complex rebuilding process. The important combat contributions of the Italian naval forces after the signing of the armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943 and the subsequent cooperation agreement on 23 September 1943 left the Regia Marina in a poor condition, with much of its infrastructures and installations unusable and its ports mined and blocked by sunken ships. However a large number of its naval units had survived the war, albeit in a low efficiency state, which was due to the conflict and the old age of many vessels. They vessels that remained were: Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000,000 Total dead... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ...

• 2 Aircraft carries
• 5 Battleships
• 9 Cruisers
• 11 Destroyers
• 22 Frigates
• 19 Corvettes
• 44 Fast Coastal Patrol units
• 50 Minesweepers
• 16 Amphibious operations vessels
• 2 School ships, one of these was the sailing ship Amerigo Vespucci
• 1 support ship and plane transport
• various Submarine units

Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454 - February 22, 1512) was an Italian merchant and cartographer who voyaged to and wrote about the Americas. ...

The peace Treaty

The peace Treaty signed on 10 February 1947 in Paris was onerous for the Marina. Apart from territorial and material losses, also the following restrictions were imposed: February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

• A ban to own, to build or to experiment with atomic weapons, self-propulsion projectiles or relative launchers, etc…
• A ban to own Battleships, Aircraft carriers, Submarines and Amphibious Assault units.
• A ban to operate military installations on the islands of Pantelleria, Pianosa and on the archipelago of Pelagie Islands.

The treaty also ordered Italy to put the following ships at the disposals of the victorious nations United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, Greece and Jugoslavia and Albania as war compensation: Country Italy Region Sicily Province Trapani (TP) Mayor Salvatore Gabriele (since May 17, 2005) Elevation 5 m Area 83 km² Population  - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 7,679  - Density 73/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Panteschi Dialing code 0923 Postal code 91017 Patron St. ... Pianosa is a small (about 10 km2) island in Italys Tuscan Archipelago. ... The Pelagie Islands. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ...

• 3 Battleships: Giulio Cesare, Italia, Vittorio Veneto;
• 5 Cruisers: Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta, Attilio Regolo, Scipione Africano, Eugenio di Savoia and Eritrea;
• 7 Destroyers, 5 of the "Soldati" class and Augusto Riboty and Alfredo Oriani;
• 6 Minesweepers: like Aliseo and Fortunale;
• 8 Submarines: 3 of the "Acciaio" class;
• 1 Sailing School ship: Cristoforo Colombo.

The total displacement, battleships excluded, of the future navy was not allowed to be greater than 67,500 tons, while the staff was capped at 25.000 men.

The adhesion to the NATO

The great changes in the international political situation convinced Great Britain and the United States to cease the process of handing in of the navy's large ships, which had been dismantled in La Spezia between 1948 and 1955, including the flagship aircraft carrier "Aquila". The Soviet Union, instead, claimed the handing in of the warship "Giulio Cesare" and much of units to her attributed. The cruisers "Attilio Regolo" and "Scipione Africano" became the French "Chateaurenault" and "Guichen", while the "Eugenio di Savoia" became the Greek "Helli". So only a small part of the fleet, that which was not transferred or demolished, could be reinserted in the Marina. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... Map of Italy showing La Spezia in the northwest La Spezia is a city in the Liguria region of northern Italy, at the head of La Spezia Gulf. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A flagship is the ship used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships. ... Aquila (Italian for Eagle) was an Italian aircraft carrier designed and built during the World War II. It was a modification of the liner Roma. ... Diagrams of first and third rate warships, England, 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser, launched in 1992. ...

As US attention turned to the Soviets and the Mediterranean Sea it transformed Italian seas in one of the main places of confrontation between the two superpowers, contributing to the re-emergence of Italy’s importance and of its ports thanks to her strategic geographical position. Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ...

With the new elections in 1948, the Kingdom of Italy became the Italian Republic, and the Regia Marina (‘’”Royal Navy”’’) took on the name of Marina Militare Italiana. In full Marshall Plan and in a context where Europe was going to be divided in two set against blocks, Italy began to entertain talks with the United States aimed to obtain adequate safety guarantee. The government in Washington, greatly interested to keep its own installations on the peninsula, loosened peace Treaty bonds by inserting the Italian nation into the Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (MDAP). 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... United in 1861, Italy has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area, deeply influencing European culture as well. ... The Italian Regia Marina (literally: Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C. in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia. ... Satellite view of the Peninsula in spring The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Italian: Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the greatest peninsulas of Europe, spanning 1,000 km from the Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. ...

On 4 April 1949, Italy joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), corroborating her impossibility to contributing actively in the organization: that lead to the definitive repeal of the peace Treaty bonds by the end of 1951, with the consent of all of Western nations. April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

The Development of the fleet

Within NATO, the Marina Militare was assigned the control of the Adriatic Sea and Strait of Otranto, as well sa the defence of the naval routes through the Tyrrhenian Sea. To ensure these tasks was carried out a "Studio sul potenziamento della Marina italiana in relazione al Patto Atlantico" (Study about the Development of the Italian navy with reference to the Atlantic Pact) was undertaken, which researched the structures and the methods for the development of the Marina Militare. A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ... Map showing the location of the Strait of Otranto. ... Tyrrhenian Sea. ...

This solution required a great economic effort aimed at the rebuilding and transformation of the fleet; it also required aid from the United States to reach the necessary standard. However the program carried on slowly both due to the economic pressures on Italy due to the post-war period rebuilding process and by the obstacles placed by some of European governments who were concerned at seeing an Italian Navy capable of rivalling the Western naval forces.

Present Day Marina Militare

Today's Marina Militare is a modern navy with ships of every type, such as aircraft carriers, modern frigates, submarines, amphibious ships and plenty of other smaller ships, including oceanographic research ships. The fleet is in continuous evolution; the Marina Militare is now equipping herself with a bigger aircraft carrier (the Cavour), new destroyers, submarines and multipurpose frigates. Indeed the Marina Militare is the fifth largest navy in the world after those of the United States, United Kingdom, France and Russia. In modern times, the Marina Militare, being a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), has taken part in many coalition peacekeeping operations. The multinational Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) The British Grand Fleet, the supreme naval force of World War I A rare occurrence of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Frigate is a name which has been used for several distinct types of warships at different times. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Cavour (C552, formerly Andrea Doria) is an Italian light V/STOL aircraft carrier. ... USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers (originally torpedo boats, later submarines and aircraft). ... Frigate is a name which has been used for several distinct types of warships at different times. ...

Ships

Currently Active

Aircraft carriers (CVS-ASW)

• Giuseppe Garibaldi (C 551)

This article is becoming very long. ...

Destroyers

USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers (originally torpedo boats, later submarines and aircraft). ...

De la Penne class

• Luigi Durand De la Penne (D 560) (formerly Animoso)
• Francesco Mimbelli (D 561) (formerly Ardimentoso)

Amphibious transport dock ships

The dock of HMS Albion An amphibious transport dock (also called a landing platform dock or LPD) is a warship that embarks, transports, and lands elements of a landing force for expeditionary warfare missions. ...

San Giorgio class

• San Giorgio (L 9892)
• San Marco (L 9893)
• San Giusto (L 9894)

San Giorgio, the Italian form of the name of Saint George. ...

Frigates

Frigate is a name which has been used for several distinct types of warships at different times. ...

Maestrale class

• Maestrale (F 570)
• Grecale (F 571)
• Libeccio (F 572)
• Scirocco (F 573)
• Aliseo (F 574)
• Euro (F 575)
• Espero (F 576)
• Zeffiro (F 577)

Maestrale class is the most important frigate class for the Marina Militare (Italian Navy) of the late 20th century. ...

Soldati class

• Artigliere (F 582)
• Aviere (F 583)
• Bersagliere (F 584)
• Granatiere (F 585)

Corvettes - Patrol Ships

French steam corvette Dupleix (1856-1887) Canadian corvettes on antisubmarine convoy escort duty during World War II. A corvette is a small, maneuverable, lightly armed warship, smaller than a frigate but larger than a coastal patrol craft. ...

Minerva class - 1st series

• Minerva (F 551)
• Danaide (F 553)
• Urania (F 552)
• Sfinge (F 554)

Minerva class - 2nd series

• Driade (F 555)
• Chimera (F 556)
• Fenice (F 557)
• Sibilla (F 558)

Cassiopea class

• Cassiopea (P 401)
• Libra (P 402)
• Spica (P 403)
• Vega (P 404)

Comandanti class (NUMC)

• Comandante Cigala Fulgosi (P 490)
• Comandante Borsini (P 491)
• Comandante Bettica (P 492)
• Comandante Foscari (P 493)

Cassiopea 2 class (NUPA)

• Sirio (P 409)
• Orione (P 410)

Esploratore class

• Esploratore (P 405)
• Sentinella (P 406)
• Vedetta (P 407)
• Staffetta (P 408)

Mine Warfare Vessels

Lerici class - 1st series

• Lerici (M 5550)
• Sapri (M 5551)
• Milazzo (M 5552)
• Vieste (M 5553)

Lerici class – 2nd series

• Gaeta (M 5554)
• Termoli (M 5555)
• Alghero (M 5556)
• Numana (M 5557)
• Crotone (M 5558)
• Viareggio (M 5559)
• Chioggia (M 5560)
• Rimini (M 5561)

Ponza class

• Ponza (A 5364)
• Levanzo (A 5366)
• Tavolata (A 5367)
• Palmaria (A 5368)
• Procida (A 5383)

Submarines

USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ...

U212A class

• C.te Salvatore Todaro (S 526)
• Sciré (S 527)

The German Type 212 is an advanced design of non-nuclear submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy. ...

Sauro IV class

• Primo Longobardo (S 524)
• Gianfranco Gazzana Priaroggia (S 525)

Sauro III class

• Salvatore Pelosi (S 522)
• Patricio (Pato) Prini (S 523)

Sauro class

• Leonardo da Vinci (S 520)

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was a talented Italian Renaissance Roman Catholic[1] polymath: architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, scientist, mathematician, musician, and painter. ...

Auxiliaries

Squadron Replenishment Ships

• Etna (A 5326)
• Stromboli (A 5327)
• Vesuvio (A 5329)

Gasoline Tankers

• Panarea (A 5370)
• Linosa (A 5371)
• Favignana (A 5372)
• Salina (A 5373)

Water Transports

• Ticino (A 5376)
• Tirso (A 5377)

Vehicle Transport Ships

• Gorgona (A 5347)
• Tremiti (A 5348)
• Caprera (A 5349)
• Pantelleria (A 5351)
• Lipari (A 5352)
• Capri (A 5353)

Weapons Test Ships

• Carabiniere ( F 581) (Frigate size)
• Raffaele Rossetti (A 5315)
• Vincenzo Martellotta (A 5320)

Others

• Anteo (A 5309): Submarine Rescue and Salvage Ship
• Elettra (A 5340): Electronic Warfare Ship

Training ships

• Palinuro (A 5311)
• Amerigo Vespucci (A 5312)

The Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a world-famous tall ship of the Marina Militare, named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. ...

Corsaro class

• Stella Polare (A 5313)
• Corsaro II (A 5316)

Decommissioned Ships

Submarine Evangelista Torricelli (S-512), former USS Lizardfish (SS-373).

• Andrea Doria class cruisers (1964 - 1991): 2 vessels
• Vittorio Veneto class cruisers (1969 - 2003): 1 vessel
• Audace class destroyers: 2 vessels
• Lupo class frigates: 4 vessels
• Submarines: Alfredo Cappellini (S-507) Evangelista Torricelli (S-512), Livio Piomarta (S-515).
• Sauro class submarines: Sauro (S518), Di Cossato (S519), Da Vinci (S520), Marconi (S521)

Torricelli_(S-512); http://www. ... Torricelli_(S-512); http://www. ... USS Lizardfish (SS-373), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the lizardfish, a slender marine fish having a scaly lizardlike head and large mouth. ... Nave Andrea Doria Andrea Doria class of helicopter cruisers of the Marina Militare were Italys first major new designs of the post-WWII era. ... The Vittorio Veneto class of helicopter cruisers of the Italian Marina Militare was intended to be a class of two ships specifically designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), but its sister ship Italia was cancelled. ... Lupo The Lupo class frigates were designed primarily as convoy escorts, with some surface warfare capability. ... USS Capitaine (SS/AGSS-336), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the capitaine, a brilliantly colored fish inhabiting waters of the Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina to Panama. ... USS Lizardfish (SS-373), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the lizardfish, a slender marine fish having a scaly lizardlike head and large mouth. ... USS Trigger (SS-564), a Tang-class submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the triggerfish, any of numerous deep-bodied fishes of warm seas having an anterior dorsal fin with two or three stout erectile spines. ...

Under Construction

• Cavour aircraft carrier: 1 vessel (Cavour), 2007
• Orizzonte class AA destroyer: 2 vessels, (Andrea Doria and Caio Duilio), to replace destroyers Audace and Ardito, 2008 and 2010
• "Rinascimento (FREMM)" class frigates: 10 vessels, to replace class frigates Maestrale and Lupo (decommissioned)

MM Cavour (C552, formerly Andrea Doria) is an Italian light V/STOL aircraft carrier. ... The Horizon Common New Generation Frigate (CNGF) is a multi-nationial collaboration to produce a new generation of anti-air warfare frigates. ... The FREMM Multipurpose Frigate (French Frégate Multi-Mission or Italian Fregate Multi-Missione) is a ship designed by DCN and Fincantieri to operate in anti-air, anti-submarine and anti-ship warfare, and be capable of carrying out deep strikes against land targets. ...

Rank Structure

Ufficiali generali General officers
Ammiraglio (Chief of Defense Staff) Admiral
Ammiraglio di Squadra Squad Admiral (Vice Admiral)		Ammiraglio di Divisione Division Admiral ( Rear Admiral Upper Half)		Contrammiraglio Rear Admiral (Rear Admiral Lower Half)
Ufficiali superiori Senior officers
Capitano di vascello Naval Vessel Captain (Captain)		Capitano di fregata Frigate Captain (Commander)		Capitano di corvetta Corvette Captain (Lieutenant Commander)
Ufficiali inferiori Junior officers
Tenente di vascello Naval Vessel Lieutenant (Lieutenant)		Sottotenente di vascello Naval Vessel Sub-lieutenant (Lieutenant Junior Grade)	Guardiamarina Ensign	Aspirante guardiamarina Ensign Apprentice
Sottufficiali Warrant Officers
Primo maresciallo luogotenente First Lieutenant Warrant Officer		Primo maresciallo First Warrant Officer		Capo di prima classe First Class Chief
Capo di seconda classe Second Class Chief		Capo di terza classe Third Class Chief	Secondo capo Second Chief	Sergente Sergeant
Truppa Troops
Sottocapo di prima classe scelto First Class Senior Sub-Chief Chief Petty Officer		Sottocapo di prima classe First Class Sub-Chief Petty Officer First Class		Sottocapo di seconda classe Second Class Sub-Chief Petty Officer Second Class
				no insignia
Sottocapo di terza classe Third Class Sub-Chief Petty Officer Third Class		Sottocapo Sub-Chief Seaman	Comune di prima classe First Class Seaman Seaman Apprentice	Comune di seconda classe Second Class Seaman Seaman Recruit

External links

• Marina Militare homepage
• Italian Navy from www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk - 10 pages of photos
• Italian Navy Italian Navy