Sir Mark Aitchison Young

Sir Mark Aitchison Young (30 June 1886 – 12 May 1974, 楊慕琦) was a British administrator who became the Governor of Hong Kong during the years immediately before and after World War II. Image File history File links Sir Mark Young, 21st Governor of Hong Kong This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Sir Mark Young, 21st Governor of Hong Kong This work is copyrighted. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... An Administrator (Administrator of the Government, Officer Administering the Government) in some countries in the Commonwealth is a person who fulfils a role similar to that of a Governor or a Governor-General. ... Governor of Hong Kongs Flag, 1959–1997 The Governor of Hong Kong (Traditional Chinese: ; abbreviated 港督) was a British official who ruled Hong Kong during the colonial period between 1841 and 1997 and was ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral of Hong Kong. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States France Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Charles de Gaulle Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hirohito Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...

Early life, service in war

Young was educated at Eton (secondary) and King's College, Cambridge University. He entered the Ceylon Civil Service in 1909 and served in the British military during World War I from 1915. The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is an internationally renowned public school (privately funded and independent) for male students, founded in 1440 by Henry VI. It is located in Eton, Berkshire, near Windsor in England, situated north... Full name The Kings College of Our Lady and St Nicholas in Cambridge Motto Veritas Et Utilitas Truth and usefulness Named after Henry VI Previous names - Established 1441 Sister College(s) New College Provost Prof. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The armed forces of the United Kingdom are known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majestys Armed Forces, officially the Armed Forces of the Crown. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz...

Colonial administration

Young served as Principal Assistant Colonial Secretary of Ceylon from 1923 to 1928, then as Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone from 1928 to 1930. From 1930 to 1933, he served as Chief secretary to the Government of Palestine, during the British Mandate of Palestine. 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British colonies. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Map of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ...

From 5 August 1933 to March 1938, he served as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Barbados. From November 1937 to February 1938, he served in the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. Then from 1938 to 1941, he became the last Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Tanganyika Territory British Mandate. August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Flag of Tanganyika Tanganyika was an East African republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, named after Lake Tanganyika, which formed its western border. ...

Hong Kong Governor, prisoner of war

He served as Governor of Hong Kong between 1941 and 1947. During his term, which coincided with the Pacific theatre of World War II, Hong Kong came under the threat of Japanese invasion. Governor of Hong Kongs Flag, 1959–1997 The Governor of Hong Kong (Traditional Chinese: ; abbreviated 港督) was a British official who ruled Hong Kong during the colonial period between 1841 and 1997 and was ex-officio Commander-in-Chief and Vice-Admiral of Hong Kong. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States France Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Charles de Gaulle Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hirohito Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...

At 08:00, December 8, 1941, several hours after Pearl Harbor was attacked, Hong Kong came under fire by Imperial Japanese Forces. The attacks only lasted for 18 days, and ended when Young surrendered the Colony to the Japanese General Takashi Sakai on December 25, known as the 'black Christmas' by Hong Kong people, who were then subject to Japanese rule for next 3 years and 8 months, the amount of time forever assoiciated with that period of history. December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Satellite image of Pearl Harbor. ... Combatants British Army Canadian Army British Indian Army Imperial Japanese Army Commanders Mark Aitchison Young Sakai Takashi Strength 15,000 troops 50,000 troops Casualties 4,500 killed 8,500 POWs 2,750 killed 1,500 wounded For the movie, see The Battle of Hong Kong (film). ... Takashi Sakai (酒井 隆 Sakai Takashi; October 18, 1887–September 30, 1946) was a Lieutenant General in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. He commanded the Japanese Army at the Battle of Hong Kong and was later captured and sentenced to death for war crimes. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining for the year. ... The Japanese prostitutes of Hong Kong began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered to Japan on 25 December 1941 after 18 days of fierce fighting. ...

Young was a prisoner of war in Japanese hands from December 1941 to August 1945. He was initially incarcerated in a prisoner of war camp in Stanley, on the southern shores of Hong Kong Island, but was later transferred, with other high ranking allied captives, to a prisoner of war camp in Manchuria. For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Stanley Peninsula Stanley is a town and a tourist attraction in Hong Kong, China. ... The night view of the Island side as seen from the Kowloon side - the opposite side of the Victoria Harbour Hong Kong Island (Traditional Chinese: 香港島; Simplified Chinese: 香港岛; Cantonese Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 dou2; Mandarin Pinyin: Xiānggǎngdǎo) is the island where the colonial settlement of the Hong Kong territory... Manchuria (Manchu: Manju; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Simplified Chinese: 满洲; pinyin: Mǎnzhōu, Russian: ) is a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ...

Post-Japanese occupation governorship

Young resumed his duties as Governor of Hong Kong on 1 May 1946, after having spent some time recuperating in England. After returning, he proposed political reforms that would have allowed Hong Kong residents to choose a representative Legislative Council. He envisaged that the new Council would handle every-day affairs and that its decisions would be immune to veto, even to that of the Governor himself. Reception to his proposed reforms was cool, due largely to the fact that many Hong Kong residents at that time believed that the colony would soon be taken over by the People's Republic of China. The question was also raised of whether the Communist Party of China would influence elections in Hong Kong should Young's reforms be adopted. As a result, these initiatives were eventually abandoned under the term of Governor Alexander Grantham. May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Recuperation is the process by which radical ideas and images are commodified and incorporated within mainstream society, such as the movement for civil rights in the United States or the push for womens rights. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name, though almost universally known in English as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys... Sir Alexander Grantham Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham (葛亮洪 1899–1978) was a British colonial governor who governed Hong Kong. ...

Some historians today believe that if Young's proposed political reforms took shape, Hong Kong would have a chance at achieving self-determination, even eventual independence.

Young retired from the governorship in 1947. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Personal life

Young and his wife, Josephine Mary, had two sons and two daughters. Young died on 12 May 1974. May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Honours

• C.M.G., 1931
• K.C.M.G., 1934
• G.C.M.G., 1946

On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

External links

• Hong Kong Photo 1946-1947 by Hedda Morrison
• The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China and the Japanese Occupation by Philip Snow