The title Marquess of Salisbury is a British title of Peerage, created in 1789 for James Cecil, 7th Earl of Salisbury. Most of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last two centuries, particularly Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who served three times as prime minister in the late 19th and early twentieth century. The Peerage is a system of titles of nobility which exists in the United Kingdom and is one part of the British honours system. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (February 3, 1830–August 22, 1903). ... In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising many of the executive functions nominally vested in the Sovereign, who is head of state. ...

Lord Salisbury holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Salisbury (created 1605), Viscount Cranborne (1604), and Baron Cecil, of Essendon in the County of Rutland (1603). The title Viscount Cranborne is the courtesy title of Lord Salisbury's eldest son and heir. A courtesy title is a form of address in the British peerage system used for wives, children, and other close relatives of a peer. ...

The title Earl of Salisbury has a complex history. It was first created for Patrick de Salisbury in the middle twelfth century. It was eventually inherited by Alice, wife of Thomas Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster. When the Earl of Lancaster lost his titles and was executed for treason in 1322, the Countess surrendered all of her titles to the King, and the titles lapsed.

The title was created for a second time in 1337 for William Montacute. It was inherited later by Richard Neville, upon whose death the title went into abeyance because multiple individuals were entitled to inherit it.

Then, in 1472, it was granted to George, Duke of Clarence. When the Duke of Clarence was executed in 1478 for treason (supposedly by being drowned in a vat of Malmsey wine), the title was forfeit. It was then granted to Edward of Middleham, who later became Prince of Wales. Upon Edward's death, the title became extinct. George (Plantagenet), Duke of Clarence (October 21, 1449 - February 18, 1478) was the third son of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, and the brother of King Edward IV of England. ... Edward of Middleham, also known as Edward Plantagenet (1473 - April 9, 1484) was the only son of King Richard III of England and his wife Anne Neville. ...

In 1485, the abeyance of the second Creation was terminated, and the title went to Edward Plantagenet, Richard Neville's grandson. Edward was executed for high treason in 1499; the title was, however, officially forfeit in 1504. Edward's sister, Margaret, regained the title in 1513, but she too forfeited the title in 1539.

The title was given to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, a close advisor to James I. Cecil was a son of Queen Elizabeth I's chief advisor, William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. The present Marquesses still hold the title of the Cecil creation. The Right Honourable Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1 June 1563–24 May 1612), son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley and half-brother of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, statesman, spymaster and minister to Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. Lord Salisbury is the... James VI of Scotland and James I of England and Ireland (occasionally known as King James the Vain) (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland. ... Elizabeth I Queen of England and Ireland Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 ) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. ... William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 1521–4 August 1598), was an English politician, the chief advisor of Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign (17 November 1558–24 March 1603), and Lord High Treasurer from 1572. ...

The family seat is Hatfield House and Cranborne. Hatfield House, located to the east of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, was built in 1611 and is the family seat of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury. ... Cranborne is a village in east Dorset, England. ...

Earls of Salisbury, first Creation (c. 1145)

• Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury (d. 1168)
• William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (d. 1196)
• William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (ca. 1176-1226)
• Margaret de Lacy, 4th Countess of Salisbury (d. 1310)
• Alice Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Salisbury (d. 1348) (forfeit 1322)

Events Pope Lucius II is succeeded by Pope Eugene III Nur ad-Din ascends to power in Syria Construction begins on Notre-Dame dChartres in Chartres, France Korean historian Kim Pusik compiled the historical text Samguk Sagi. ... Events December 22 - Afraid that Old Cairo would be captured by the Crusaders, its Caliph orders the city set afire. ... Events Spring, London, popular uprising of the poor against the rich led by William Fitz Osbern. ... William de Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (William Longsword in English) (ca. ... Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel... Events Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona Births Deaths October 3 Saint Francis of Assisi founder of the Franciscan Order and patron Saint of animals and the environment Canonized by Pope Gregory IX in 1228 November 8 King Louis VIII of France... Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Events September 27/September 28 - Battle of Ampfing, often called the last battle of knights, in which Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria Births January 11 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (died 1380) Deaths January 3 - King Philip V of France (born 1293) March 16 - Humphrey de...

Earls of Salisbury, second Creation (1337)

• William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1301-1344)
• William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328-1397)
• John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (1350-1400) (forfeit 1400)
• Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1388-1428) (restored 1421, although styled and summoned to parliament as such from at least 1409)
• Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1400-1460)
• Richard Neville, 6th Earl of Salisbury (1428-1471) (abeyant 1471)
• Edward Plantagenet, 7th Earl of Salisbury (1475-1499) (abeyance terminated 1485; forfeit 1504)
• Margaret Plantagenet, 8th Countess of Salisbury (1474-1541) (restored 1513; forfeit 1539)

Events March 17 - Edward, the Black Prince is created Duke of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke Beginning of the Hundred Years War between France and England Bisham Priory founded Scaligeri family loses control of Padua; Alberto della Scala, music patron of the Italian trecento, moves to Verona Births Louis... William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 3rd Baron Montacute (1301-1344) was an English nobleman. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ... William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (June 25, 1328 – June 3, 1397) was an English nobleman. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events February 10 - John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. ... John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, (1388 - November 3, 1428), was an English nobleman. ... Events Beginning of prosecution of Lollards in England The Battle of Otterburn between England and Scotland A Chinese army under Xu Da sacks Karakorum Births September 14 - Claudius Claussön Swart, Danish geographer September 29 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (d. ... // Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1400 – December 31, 1460) was a Yorkist leader during the early parts of the Wars of the Roses. ... Events Henry IV quells baron rebellion and executes The Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury for their attempt to have Richard II of England restored as King Jean Froissart writes the Chronicles Medici family becomes powerful in Florence, Italy Births December 25 - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1428 – April 14, 1471), was also known as Warwick the Kingmaker. ... // Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Edward (Plantagenet), Earl of Warwick, (February 25, 1475-November 28, 1499) was the son of George, Duke of Clarence, and a potential claimant to the throne during the reigns of both King Richard III of England (1483 - 1485) and his successor, Henry VII of England (1485 - 1509). ... Events August 29 - Treaty of Picquigny ends a brief war between France and England. ... Events January 8 - Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany due to law set by his predecessor, Louis VIII July 22 - Battle of Dornach - The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I. July 28 - First Battle of Lepanto - The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over... Margaret Pole (1473 - 1541), Countess of Salisbury, was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV and Isabella Neville . ... Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ...

Earls of Salisbury, third Creation (1472)

• George, Duke of Clarence, Earl of Salisbury (1472-1478) (forfeit 1478)

Events February 20 - The Orkneys and Shetlands are annexed to the crown of Scotland Discovery of Newfoundland by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real. ... George (Plantagenet), Duke of Clarence (October 21, 1449 - February 18, 1478) was the third son of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, and the brother of King Edward IV of England. ... Events February 20 - The Orkneys and Shetlands are annexed to the crown of Scotland Discovery of Newfoundland by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ...

Earls of Salisbury, fourth Creation (1478)

• Edward Plantagenet, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1473 - 1484)

Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... Edward of Middleham, also known as Edward Plantagenet (1473 - April 9, 1484) was the only son of King Richard III of England and his wife Anne Neville. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and...

Earls of Salisbury, fifth Creation (1605)

• Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (c. 1565-1612)
• William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1591-1668)
• James Cecil, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (1648-1683)
• James Cecil, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1666-1694)
• James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury (1691-1728)
• James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury (1713-1780)
• James Cecil, 7th Earl of Salisbury (1748-1823) (became Marquess of Salisbury in 1789)

Events April 13 - Tsar Boris Godunow dies - Feodor II accedes to the throne May 16 - Paul V becomes Pope June 1 - Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother. ... The Right Honourable Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1 June 1563–24 May 1612), son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley and half-brother of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, statesman, spymaster and minister to Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. Lord Salisbury is the... Events March 1 - the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded April 27 - Cebu City is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury KG (28 March 1591–3 December 1668) was the son of the 1st Earl of Salisbury. ... Events June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau. ... // Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... James Cecil, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (1648 - June 1683) was an English nobleman, invested a Privy Councillor in 1679 and given the garter a year later, but expelled from the Council shortly before his death. ... // Events Peace treaty signed at Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... The Right Honourable James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury June 8, 1691–October 9, 1728) was the son of James Cecil, 4th Earl of Salisbury. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leislers Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender May 6... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births January 9 - Thomas Warton, English poet (d. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Most Honourable James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury (September 4, 1748–June 13, 1823) was the son of James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury. ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Marquesses of Salisbury (1789)

• James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury (1748-1823)
• James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury (1791-1868)
• Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830-1903)
• James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury (1861-1947)
• Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury (1893-1972)
• Robert Edward Peter Cecil Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury (1916-2003)
• Robert Michael James Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury (b. 1946)

Heir Apparent: Robert Edward William Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne (b. December 18, 1970) 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Most Honourable James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury (September 4, 1748–June 13, 1823) was the son of James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury. ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury (17 April 1791 - 12 April 1868) was an English statesman. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Most Honourable Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, PC (3 February 1830–22 August 1903), known as Lord Robert Cecil before 1865 and as Viscount Cranborne from 1865 until 1868, was a British statesman and Prime Minister. ... 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury (October 23, 1861 - April 4, 1947) was the eldest son and heir of the Victorian statesman Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury KG (August 27, 1893-February 23, 1972) was a grandson of the great 3rd Marquess. ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... The Most Honourable Robert Edward Peter Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess of Salisbury (October 24, 1916–July 11, 2003) was the son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Most Honourable Robert Michael James Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, PC (born September 30, 1946), is a Conservative politician and a former Leader and Shadow Leader of the House of Lords. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

See also

• Marquess of Exeter
• Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
• Baron Quickswood
• Baron Rockley

The title of Marquess of Exeter was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801 for the Earl of Exeter. ... Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, previously known as Lord Robert Cecil (September 14, 1864 – November 24, 1958) was a lawyer, politician and diplomat. ... Baron Quickswood was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... Baron Rockley is a peerage title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ...

External links

• Hatfield House
• Cranborne