NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Marshal of France

The Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France) is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements. It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration and one of the Great Dignitaries of the Empire during First French Empire. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x3072, 662 KB) Work by Rama File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Marshal of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x3072, 662 KB) Work by Rama File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Marshal of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... rank. ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... The Great Officers of the Crown were appointed by the King of France and there were seven all told. ... Ancien RÃ©gime, a French term meaning Former Regime, but rendered in English as Old Rule, Old Order, or simply Old Regime, refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. ... Following the ouster of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ...

A Marshal of France displays seven stars. The marshal also receives a baton, a blue cylinder with stars, formerly fleurs-de-lis during the monarchy and Eagles during the First French Empire. It has the Latin inscription: Terror belli, decus pacis, which means "Terror in war, ornament in peace". The word BATON, from the French bÃ¢ton (stick, also in ordinary senses), indicates a type of formal attribute of office in the shape of a rather short stick, shorter then a staff, not destined for functional use (unlike the swagger stick) but as an ornate symbol of authority, often... Fleurs-de-lys on the flag of Quebec The fleur-de-lis (also spelled fleur-de-lys; plural fleurs-de-lis or -lys) is used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the France monarchy (see King of France). ... Genera Several, see below. ...

Six Marshals of France have been given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe and Soult. The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all camps and armies of the King in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually. ... Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron (1562-1602), son of Armand de Gontaut, baron de Bironfought brilliantly for the royal party against the League. ... FranÃ§ois de Bonne, duc de LesdiguiÃ¨res (1 April 1543 â€“ 21 September 1626) was soldier of the French Wars of Religion and Constable of France. ... Turenne Henri de la Tour dAuvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, often referred to as Turenne (September 11, 1611 â€“ July 27, 1675) achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France. ... Marquis and duc de Villars, Marshal of France by Hyacinthe Rigaud. ... Maurice, comte de Saxe (German Moritz Graf von Sachsen) (October 28, 1696 – November 30, 1750), Marshal General of France, the natural son of Augustus II of Poland and of the countess Aurora Königsmark, was born at Goslar. ... Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie (March 29, 1769 â€“ November 26, 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of France in 1804. ...

History

The title derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albéric Clément (circa 1190). Philip II (French: Philippe II), called Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste) (August 21, 1165 - July 14, 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. ... AlbÃ©ric ClÃ©ment was the first marshal of France under Philip Augustus, appointed to that position in 1190. ... Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ...

The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793. It was restored during the First French Empire by Napoleon I as Marshal of the Empire. Under the Bourbon Restoration, the title reverted to Marshal of France and Napoléon III kept that designation. This article is about a legislative body and constitutional convention during the French Revolution. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. ... Charles Louis NapolÃ©on Bonaparte (April 20, 1808, Paris, France - January 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, England) was a President of France, and later, Emperor of the French. ...

After the fall of Napoleon III and the Second French Empire, the Third republic did not use the title until the First World War, when it was recreated as a military distinction and not a rank. NapolÃ©on III Emperor of the French (Charles Louis NapolÃ©on Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 â€“ 9 January 1873) was President of the French Republic from 1849 to 1852, and then Emperor of the French under the name NapolÃ©on III from 1852 to 1870. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz...

Philippe Pétain, awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his generalship in World War I, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and after he was stripped of other positions and titles. Henri-Philippe PÃ©tain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph PÃ©tain (24 April 1856 â€“ 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe PÃ©tain or Marshal PÃ©tain, was a French general, later Head of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944. ...

The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Juin, promoted in 1952, who died in 1967. The latest Marshal of France was Marie Pierre Koenig, who was made a Marshal posthumously in 1984. Alphonse Juin (December 16, 1888-January 27, 1967) was a Marshal of France. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Marie Pierre Koenig (October 10, 1898 â€“ September 2, 1970) was a French general. ...

Marshals of France

Capetians

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with House of Capet. ...

Six Marshals under Philip II, 1180 – 1223

Philip II Augustus (French: Philippe II Auguste) (August 21, 1165 â€“ July 14, 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. ... Events April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - France Emperor Antoku succeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... AlbÃ©ric ClÃ©ment was the first marshal of France under Philip Augustus, appointed to that position in 1190. ... // Events May 12 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. ... Events April 25 - Genpei War - Naval battle of Dan-no-ura leads to Minamoto victory in Japan Templars settle in London and begin the building of New Temple Church End of the Heian Period and beginning of the Kamakura period in Japan. ... Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ... // Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... // Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ... // Events August 1 - Arthur of Brittany captured in Mirebeau, north of Poitiers Beginning of the Fourth Crusade. ... Argentan is a commune, and the chief town of two cantons and of an arrondissement of the Orne dÃ©partement, in France. ... Events December 29: Assassination of Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Canterbury cathedral City of Dublin captured by the Normans According to folklore, the Welsh prince Madoc sailed to North America and founded a colony. ... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... // Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ... Events Strasbourg becomes a Free City of the Holy Roman Empire First Visconti become the lord of Iceland swear fealty to the king of Norway, bringing an end to the Icelandic Commonwealth Births Ladislaus IV of Hungary Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope...

Eight Marshals under Louis IX, 1226 – 1270

Only representation of Saint Louis known to be true to life - Early 14th century statue from the church of Mainneville, Eure, France King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215 â€“ August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death. ... Events Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. ... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... // April 30 - King Louis IX of France released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Events Strasbourg becomes a Free City of the Holy Roman Empire First Visconti become the lord of Iceland swear fealty to the king of Norway, bringing an end to the Icelandic Commonwealth Births Ladislaus IV of Hungary Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Raoul II, called Sores or dEstrÃ©e, was the marshal of France briefly in 1270 following the death of HÃ©ric de Beaujeu and before being replaced or joined by Lancelot de Saint-Maard. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Lancelot de Saint-Maard (d. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ...

Four Marshals under Philip III, 1270 – 1285

Philippe III Philip III the Bold ( French: Philippe III le Hardi) (April 3, 1245 â€“ October 5, 1285) reigned as King of France from 1270 to 1285. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Construction of the Uppsala Cathedral began in 1287. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ...

Six Marshals under Philip IV, 1285 – 1314

Philip IV the Fair (French: Philippe IV le Bel) (1268 â€“ November 29, 1314) was King of France from 1285 until his death. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events February 22 - Nicholas IV becomes Pope. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... Events 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono, emperor of Japan Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous Qalaun Mosque, Cairo... Events Henry VII is elected as king of the Holy Roman Empire. ...

One Marshal under Louis X, 1314 – 1316

Louis X of France Louis X the Quarreller, also called the Headstrong or the Stubborn, (French: Louis X le Hutin, Spanish: Luis el Obstinado) (October 4, 1289 â€“ June 5, 1316), King of France from 1314 to 1316, was a member of the Capetian Dynasty. ... Events 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono, emperor of Japan Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous Qalaun Mosque, Cairo... Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ...

Three Marshals under Philip V, 1316 – 1322

Philip V the Tall (French: Philippe V le Long) (1293 - January 3, 1322) was King of France from 1316 to 1322, a member of the Capetian dynasty. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ... Events 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono, emperor of Japan Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous Qalaun Mosque, Cairo... Events 1 April: Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono, emperor of Japan Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous Qalaun Mosque, Cairo... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events September 27/September 28 - Battle of Ampfing, often called the last battle of knights, in which Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria Births January 11 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (died 1380) Deaths January 3 - King Philip V of France (born 1293) March 16 - Humphrey de...

One Marshal under Charles IV, 1322 – 1328

Charles IV the Fair (French: Charles IV le Bel) (1294 â€“ February 1, 1328), a member of the Capetian Dynasty, reigned as King of France from 1322 to 1328. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Events January 7:Alfonso IV becomes the King of Portugal. ...

Valois

Main articles: France in the Middle Ages and Early Modern France The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ...

Five Marshals under Philip VI, 1328 – 1350

Philip VI of France Philip VI of Valois (French: Philippe VI de Valois; 1293 â€“ August 22, 1350) was the King of France from 1328 to his death, and Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois 1325â€“1328. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ... Events January 7:Alfonso IV becomes the King of Portugal. ... Events June 12 - Peasants Revolt: In England rebels arrive at Blackheath. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ... Events October 24 - The Treaty of BrÃ©tigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years War. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) AgnÃ¨s of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders May 1 Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). ...

Four Marshals under John II, 1350 – 1364

John II the Good (French: Jean II le Bon) (April 16, 1319 â€“ April 8, 1364), was King of France 1350â€“1364, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou and Maine 1332â€“1350, Count of Poitiers 1344â€“1350, and Duke of Guienne 1345â€“1350. ... Arnoul dAudrehem (ca. ... Events Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders May 1 Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... Events January 20 - Edward Balliol surrenders title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England April 16 â€” the King of the Serbian Kingdom of RaÅ¡ka Stefan DuÅ¡an is proclaimed Tsar (Emperor) of all Serbs, Arbanasses and Greeks in Skopje by the Serbian Orthodox Christian Patriarch of a... Events June 4 - Glarus joins the Swiss Confederation. ... [edit] Events May 11 - In France, 64 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Events Battle of Najera, Peter I of Castile restored as King. ... Events January 20 - Edward Balliol surrenders title as King of Scotland to Edward III of England April 16 â€” the King of the Serbian Kingdom of RaÅ¡ka Stefan DuÅ¡an is proclaimed Tsar (Emperor) of all Serbs, Arbanasses and Greeks in Skopje by the Serbian Orthodox Christian Patriarch of a...

Two Marshals under Charles V, 1364 – 1380

Charles V the Wise (French: Charles V le Sage) (January 21, 1338 â€“ September 16, 1380) was king of France from 1364 to 1380 and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... July 18 - Battle of the Kondurcha River - Timur defeats Tokhtamysh in the Volga. ... Events Timur ascends throne of Samarkand. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II KitzbÃ¼hel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Events September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. ... Events King Charles V of France renounces the treaty of Brétigny and war is declared between France and England. ...

Nine Marshals under Charles VI, 1380 – 1422

// es_VII.2C_1422_.E2.80.93_1461" id="Six_Marshals_under_Charles_VII.2C_1422_.E2.80.93_1461"> Charles VI Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-AimÃ©, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 â€“ October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 â€“ 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... Jean II Le Maingre (in Old French, Jehan le Meingre), called Boucicaut (August 28, 1366-1421) was marshal of France and a knight renowned for his military skill. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Charles V becomes King of France. ... Events March 21 - Battle of BaugÃ©. A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... July 18 - Battle of the Kondurcha River - Timur defeats Tokhtamysh in the Volga. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II KitzbÃ¼hel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Events Antipope Benedict XIII is deposed, and Pope Martin V is elected. ... Events February 10 - John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. ... Events February 24 - Margaret I defeats Albert in battle, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden June 28 - Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans. ... Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ... Events Antipope Benedict XIII is deposed, and Pope Martin V is elected. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) Deaths January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. ... Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Events September 25 - Bayazid I defeats Sigismund of Hungary and John of Nevers at the Battle of Nicopolis. ... Events February - Christian I of Denmark and Norway who was also serving as King of Sweden is declared deposed from the later throne. ... Events March 21 - Battle of BaugÃ©. A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ... For other uses, see number 1435. ... Events January 10 - Battle of Nemecky Brod during the Hussite Wars. ...

Six Marshals under Charles VII, 1422 – 1461

Charles VII the Victorious, a. ... Events Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded. ... Events August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of AlenÃ§on, John Stuart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. ... Jean de Brosse (1375 - 1433) Jean de Brosse was a councillor and chamberlain to the King of France, who was made a Marshall in 1427. ... Events October 24 - Valdemar IV of Denmark dies and is succeeded by his grandson Olaf III of Denmark. ... Events Births June 23 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany Kettil Karlsson Vasa, later Regent of Sweden. ... Events March 6 - Battle of St. ... Gilles de Rais Gilles de Rais (also spelled Retz) (autumn of 1404 â€“ October 26, 1440) was a French noble, soldier, and one time brother-in-arms of Joan of Arc. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ... January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army of William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk at... AndrÃ© de Laval-Montmorency, seigneur de LohÃ©ac (c. ... Events December 13 - The Order of the Dragon is officially formated under King Sigismund of Hungary. ... Events TÃzoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies. ... Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ... Events February 4 - In the Thirteen Years War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederacy sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... Xaintrailles and La Hire depicted in a 15th century illuminated book. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... Events February 2 - Battle of Mortimers Cross - Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales. ... Events February 4 - In the Thirteen Years War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederacy sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master. ...

Four Marshals under Louis XI, 1461 – 1483

Louis XI the Prudent (French: Louis XI le Prudent) (July 3, 1423 â€“ August 30, 1483), also informally nicknamed luniverselle aragne (old French for universal spider), or the Spider King, was King of France (1461â€“1483). ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen April 15 - Battle of Formigny. ... 1514 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Two Marshals under Charles VIII, 1483 – 1498

Charles VIII the Affable (French: Charles VIII lAffable) (June 30, 1470 â€“ April 7, 1498) was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events TÃzoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events TÃzoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies. ...

Valois-Orléans

Four Marshals under Louis XII, 1498 – 1515

Louis XII the Father of the People (French: Louis XII le PÃ¨re du Peuple) (June 27, 1462 â€“ January 1, 1515) was King of France 1498 â€“ January 1, 1515. ... Gian Giacomo Trivulzio. ... Events January 5/ 6 - Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden dies with no designated heir leaving all three kingdoms with vacant thrones. ... Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1507 portrait by Andrea Solario. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... 1511 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, painted by Jean Clouet (early 16th century). ... // Events August 5-7 - First outbreak of sweating sickness in England begins August 22 - Battle of Bosworth Field is fought between the armies of King Richard III of England and rival claimant to the throne of England Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond. ... Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ... 1511 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Robert Stewart (or Robert Stuart) (1470â€“1544), Lord of Aubigny, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger, was a French soldier belonging to the family of Stewart of Darnley. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... 1514 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Valois-Angoulême

Twelve Marshals under Francis I, 1515 – 1547

Francis I (FranÃ§ois Ier in French) (September 12, 1494 â€“ March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Jacques de la Palice or la Palisse (1470â€“1525) was a French nobleman and military officer. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, ZÃ¼rich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... 1515 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the Marshal of ChÃ¢tillon, served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515, and was created Marshal of France in 1516. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of CuauhtÃ©moc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... Thomas de Foix-Lescun (fl. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, ZÃ¼rich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... Anne, First Duke of Montmorency (March 15, 1493 – November 12, 1567), was a soldier and constable of France. ... The title of Duc de Montmorency was created several times for members of the Montmorency family. ... The Constable of France (French connÃ©table de France, from Latin comes stabulari for count of the stables), as the First Officer of the Crown, was one of the original five Great Officers of the Crown of France (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and chancellor) and Commander in Chief of... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of CuauhtÃ©moc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... January 26 - Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake - thousands die. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Robert de la Marck. ... // Events December 6 - King Charles VIII marries Anne de Bretagne, thus incorporating Brittany into the kingdom of France. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... Events Tirant Lo Blanc by Joanot Martorell, MartÃ Joan De Galba is published. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ...

Five Marshals under Henry II, 1547 – 1559

Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 â€“ July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from March 31, 1547, until his death. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... mary elline m. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... 1505 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging OrlÃ©ans March - Peace of Amboise. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... Events Portuguese fortify Fort Elmina on the Gold Coast Tizoc rules the Aztecs Diogo Cão, a Portuguese navigator, becomes the first European to sail up the Congo. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ...

One Marshal under Francis II, 1559 – 1560

Francis II (French: FranÃ§ois II) (January 19, 1544 â€“ December 5, 1560) was a King of France (1559 â€“ 1560). ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... FranÃ§ois, Duc de Montmorency (1530 - 1579), was the eldest son of the first Duc de Montmorency, Anne. ... mary elline m. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging OrlÃ©ans March - Peace of Amboise. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ...

Five Marshals under Charles IX, 1560 – 1574

Charles IX (June 27, 1550 â€“ May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Events March 27 â€” Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death June 22 â€” Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World September 10 â€” The Battle of Kawanakajima Ottoman Turks invade Malta Modern pencil becomes common in England Conquistadors crossed the Pacific Spanish founded a colony... Henri I de Montmorency (1534 - 1614), Marshal of France, became duc de Montmorency on his brothers death in 1579, had been governor of Languedoc since 1563. ... 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year in the 16th century. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Gaspard de Saulx, sieur de Tavannes (1509 â€“ 1575) was a French military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion. ... 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 13 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims February 14 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-VaudÃ©mont June 28 - Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in the battle of Nagashino, which has been called Japans first modern battle. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of CuauhtÃ©moc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s. ... This page is about the year. ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

Seven Marshals under Henry III, 1574 – 1589

Henry III (French: Henri III; September 19, 1551 â€“ August 2, 1589), born Alexandre-Ã‰douard, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from May 30, 1574 until his death. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Blaise de Lasseran-MassencÃ´me, seigneur de Montluc (or Monluc) (c. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 17 - formation of the Cathay Company to send Martin Frobisher back to the New World for more gold May 28 - Publication of the Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings. ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... 1496 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron (1524 - July 26, 1592) was a celebrated French soldier of the 16th century. ... Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Events March 17 - formation of the Cathay Company to send Martin Frobisher back to the New World for more gold May 28 - Publication of the Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, ZÃ¼rich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing â€œkreckettâ€ (i. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... Aumont was the name of a family which played an important part in French history. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... mary elline m. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... 1621 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Bourbons

Also see: Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ...

Eleven Marshals under Henry IV, 1592 – 1602

Henry IV (French: Henri IV; December 13, 1553 â€“ May 14, 1610), was the first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty in France. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... This page is about the year. ... Henri de La Tour dAuvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon (1555-1623) was prince of the independent principality of Sedan and Marshal of France. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Events August 6 - Pope Urban VIII is elected to the Papacy. ... Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron (1562-1602), son of Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron fought brilliantly for the royal party against the League. ... Events Earliest English slave-trading expedition under John Hawkins. ... This page is about the year. ... Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March - Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, sails to Canada March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James I of... Events Russia, Reforming Synod of the metropolite Macaire, Orthodoxy: introduction of a calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ( Stoglav ) Major outbreak of the sweating sickness in England. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... // Events January 7 - Galileo Galilei discovers the Galilean moons of Jupiter. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Events January - Galileo observes Neptune, but mistakes it for a star and so is not credited with its discovery. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing â€œkreckettâ€ (i. ... François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières (1 April 1543 – 21 September 1626) was soldier of the French Wars of Religion and Constable of France. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ...

Thirty-four Marshals under Louis XIII, 1613 – 1643

Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 â€“ May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ... Events January - Galileo observes Neptune, but mistakes it for a star and so is not credited with its discovery. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Concino Concini, Count della Penna, Marquis and MarÃ©chal dAncre (Florence, 1575 - Paris, 24 april 1617), was an Italian politician, best known for being minister of Louis XIII of France. ... Events February 13 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims February 14 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-VaudÃ©mont June 28 - Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in the battle of Nagashino, which has been called Japans first modern battle. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed I (1603-1617) to Mustafa I (1617-1623). ... Gilles de SouvrÃ©, Marquis de Courtanvaux, Baron de Lezines (c. ... Events January 6 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... Events A Dutch ship makes the first recorded sighting of the coast of South Australia. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed I (1603-1617) to Mustafa I (1617-1623). ... == {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1613 1614 1615 - 1616 - 1617 1618 1619 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s |- tall> 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |} randomised 1616 was a leap year starting on Friday... Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed I (1603-1617) to Mustafa I (1617-1623). ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging OrlÃ©ans March - Peace of Amboise. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... Events March 29 - Swedish colonists establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden. ... Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force (1558 - May 10, 1652) was a marshal of France and peer of France. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... FranÃ§ois de Bassompierre (1579 - October 12, 1646), was a French courtier. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... FranÃ§ois-Annibal dEstrÃ©es, duc dEstrÃ©es (1573 - Paris, May 5, 1670) was a French diplomat , military and Marshal of France. ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Henri II de Montmorency (1595 - October 30, 1632), son of duke Henry I, succeeded to the title in 1614, having previously been made grand admiral. ... The title Admiral of France is one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, the naval equivalent of Marshal of France. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... 1585 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. ... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing â€œkreckettâ€ (i. ... // Events June 23 - Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland, the only of the three Kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. ... Maximilien de BÃ©thune, duc de Sully (December 13, 1560 â€“ December 22, 1641) was the doughty soldier, French minister, staunch Protestant and faithful right-hand man who enabled Henry IV of France to accomplish so much. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Events February 8 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Elizabeth I of England - revolt is quickly crushed February 25 - Robert Devereux beheaded Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China Bad harvest in Russia due to rainy summer Dutch troops drive Portuguese from MÃ¡laga Battle of Kinsale, Ireland Births... // Events Mehmed KÃ¶prÃ¼lÃ¼ becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ... This page is about the year. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Antoine III AgÃ©nor de Gramont-Toulongeon, duke of Gramont, comte de Guiche, comte de Gramont, comte de Louvigny, Souverain de Bidache, (1604, Chateau dHagetmau - July 12, 1678 Bayonne) was a French military and diplomat. ... Events January 14 â€“ Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 â€“ Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ... This page is about the year. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... 1605 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ... 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... // Events January 1 - Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins advance towards London in support of English Restoration. ... Turenne Henri de la Tour dAuvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, often referred to as Turenne (September 11, 1611 â€“ July 27, 1675) achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France. ... Events June 23 - Henry Hudsons crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all camps and armies of the King in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually. ... // Events January 1 - Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins advance towards London in support of English Restoration. ... Jean, Count of Gassion (1609 Pau - 1647 Lens) was a redoutable Gascon military commander for France, prominent at the battle of Rocroi (1643), who reached the rank of Marshal of France at the age of thirty-four. ... // Events April 4 â€“ King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 â€“ Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... 1647 (MDCXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Fifty-one Marshals under Louis XIV, 1643 – 1715

Sun King redirects here. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Caesar, duc de Choiseul (1602 - December 23, 1675), French marshal and diplomatist, generally known for the best part of his life as the marshal du Plessis-Praslin, came of the old French family of Choiseul, which arose in the valley of the Upper Marne in the 10th century and divided... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... // Events April 4 â€“ King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 â€“ Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... // Events June 23 - Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland, the only of the three Kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing â€œkreckettâ€ (i. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events February 8 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Elizabeth I of England - revolt is quickly crushed February 25 - Robert Devereux beheaded Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China Bad harvest in Russia due to rainy summer Dutch troops drive Portuguese from MÃ¡laga Battle of Kinsale, Ireland Births... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... Bold text{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1587 1588 1589 - 1590 - 1591 1592 1593 |-vdsf gno[gldw[pvkijxaiamknn csogfhbvdowkhbfkqhjkhrjkhwgfhbjkpnkfokfgok3pkpk9pjhkt9erktyujkip9kijker9thhrkg9hkitr9gtkih9t0ykltk[u0jo0iey9uhyit90ertyhige9rity9riyh9ujirtyuhjnh-4e9tyigh9thiuy0h8tyh34tu8uy8u8u8u8rtu5y8ru8thu0tru0ut0rhutuh0trhu0hseogtrhr8uyhju8t89er9te9r8fy8shit ass dick bitch fuck | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1560s 1570s 1580s - 1590s - 1600s 1610s 1620s |- | align=center | Centuries... // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... 1599 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (StorebÃ¦lt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March - Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, sails to Canada March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James I of... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force,(October 30, 1580 - May 10, 1675), was a Marshal of France and peer of France. ... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as Â´het rampjaarÂ´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill Premier Dmitri December 26 - Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near... 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole RÃ¸mer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ... == {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1613 1614 1615 - 1616 - 1617 1618 1619 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s |- tall> 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |} randomised 1616 was a leap year starting on Friday... // Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing â€œkreckettâ€ (i. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (StorebÃ¦lt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Abraham de Fabert (October 11, 1599â€“May 17, 1660) was a marshal of France, He was the son of Abraham Fabert, seigneur de Moulins (died 1638), a famous printer who rendered great services, civil and military, to Henry IV. At the age of fourteen, Abraham de Fabert entered the Gardes... 1599 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events February 1 - The Chinese pirate Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (StorebÃ¦lt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Year 1620 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (StorebÃ¦lt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (StorebÃ¦lt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... 1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... FranÃ§ois, chevalier de CrÃ©quy and marquis de Marines, marshal of France (1625-1687). ... Year 1620 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... 1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Louis de CrÃ©vant, Duc dHumiÃ¨res (1628 - Versailles August 30 1694) , Marshal of France. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... 1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Comte dEstrades Godefroi, Comte dEstrades (1607 - 1686) was a French diplomatist and marshal. ... Events January 20 - Tidal wave swept along the Bristol Channel, killing 2000 people. ... 1686 (MDCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Friedrich Hermann (or FrÃ©dÃ©ric-Armand), 1st Duke of Schomberg (originally SchÃ¶nberg) (December 1615 or January 1616â€”July 11, 1690), was both a marshal of France and an English general of all his Majestys Forces. Descended from an old family of the Palatinate, he was born at... == {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1613 1614 1615 - 1616 - 1617 1618 1619 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s |- tall> 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |} randomised 1616 was a leap year starting on Friday... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Jacques-Henri de Durfort, duke of Duras, marshal of France, (October 9, 1625 - October 12, 1704). ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci, chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leislers Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the cityâ€™s surrender May 6... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Marshal Luxembourg. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole RÃ¸mer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Guy Aldonce de Durfort , duke de Lorges, marshal of France, (August 22, 1630 - October 22, 1702). ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole RÃ¸mer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Jean II dEstrÃ©es, (Soleure (Switzerland) 1624 - Paris May 19, 1707), was a Marshal of France, and an important naval commander of Louis XIV. Jean dEstrÃ©es was born in a noble family from Picardie. ... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... 1711 (MDCCXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... // Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... FranÃ§ois de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, by Alexandre-FranÃ§ois Caminade FranÃ§ois de Neufville, duc de Villeroi (April 7, 1644 - July 18, 1730), French soldier, came of a noble family which had risen into prominence in the reign of Charles IX. His father Nicolas de Neufville, marquis de... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Louis François, duc de Boufflers, comte de Cagny (January 10, 1644 - August 22, 1711) was a Marshal of France. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... 1711 (MDCCXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Anne Hilarion de Contentin, comte de Tourville Anne Hilarion de Contentin, comte de Tourville Anne Hilarion de Contentin, comte de Tourville (1642â€“1701) was a French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV. Aged 17, a Knight of Malta, he fought his first naval fight on a frigate of... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles (5 February 1650–2 October France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and, after raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession, and was made marshal of France in 1693. ... // Events June 23 - Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland, the only of the three Kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Nicolas Catinat (1637 - 1712), marshal of France, entered the Gardes FranÃ§aises at an early age and distinguished himself at the siege of Lille in 1667. ... Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Louis Joseph, duc de VendÃ´me (1654 - June 11, 1712), marshal of France, was the son of Louis, 2nd duke of VendÃ´me, and the great-grandson of Henry IV and Gabrielle dEstrÃ©e. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... Marquis and duc de Villars, Marshal of France by Hyacinthe Rigaud. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all camps and armies of the King in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Victor Marie dEstrÃ©es, count then duke (1723) dEstrÃ©es (Paris November 30, 1660 - Paris december 27 1737) was a Marshal of France. ... // Events January 1 - Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins advance towards London in support of English Restoration. ... Events 12 February â€” The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... The Marquis de ChÃ¢teaurenault, by Antoine Graincourt FranÃ§ois Louis de Rousselet, Marquis de ChÃ¢teaurenault (ChÃ¢teaurenaut, ChÃ¢teauregnaud) (1637- Paris, November 15, 1716) was a French vice-admiral, marÃ©chal, and nobleman. ... Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... SÃ©bastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban (May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a Marshal of France and the foremost military engineer of his age, famed for his skill in both designing fortifications and in breaking through them. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... RenÃ© de Froulay, count of TessÃ© (Le Mans, 1651 - Grosbois, 1725), French Marshal and diplomat. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Camille dHostun de la Baume, Duc de Tallard (1652-1728) was a French military commander. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala The founding of the University of Havana (Universidad de la Habana), Cubas most well-established university. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Events February 24 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen Island to build ships or as galley rowers March 26 - Utrecht University founded in The Netherlands. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... // The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... MARSIN (Ferdinand, count of), (LiÃ©ge, February 10, 1656 - Turin, September 9, 1706), Marshal of France. ... // Events Mehmed KÃ¶prÃ¼lÃ¼ becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ... Events March 27 - Concluding that Emperor Iyasus I of Ethiopia had abdicated by retiring to a monastery, a council of high officials appoint Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia May 23 - Battle of Ramillies September 7 - The Battle of Turin in the War of Spanish Succession - forces of Austria and... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... James FitzJames, Duke of Berwick James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21, 1670- June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events March 27 - Concluding that Emperor Iyasus I of Ethiopia had abdicated by retiring to a monastery, a council of high officials appoint Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia May 23 - Battle of Ramillies September 7 - The Battle of Turin in the War of Spanish Succession - forces of Austria and... 1647 (MDCXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... // Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... Pierre de Montesquiou, comte dArtagnan and later comte de Montesquiou (1640 â€“ 12 August 1725) was a French soldier and Marshal of France. ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... // Events January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in France - The coast of the Atlantic and Seine River freeze, crops fail and at least 24. ... The statue of dArtagnan in Auch Statue of dArtagnan in Maastricht Charles de Batz-Castelmore, Comte dArtagnan (c. ...

Thirty-four Marshals under Louis XV, 1715 – 1774

Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 â€“ May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-AimÃ©), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie (12 March 1647–4 August 1727), was a French soldier and general. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... // Events Mehmed KÃ¶prÃ¼lÃ¼ becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in WÃ¼rttenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ... // About the number 1739 1739 is the smallest integer that can be written as sum of three perfect cubes, in two ways. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Louis dAubusson de la Feuillade (1673 - January 28, 1725) was a Marshal of France. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... 1672 - Born January 1685 - Became a musketeer 1687 - At the head of the regiment and married the daughter of the duke of Noailles 1688 - Seige of Phillipsburg, taking of Manheim, Spire Worms, etc. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... The Battle of the Cap de la Roque, won by CoÃ«tlogon in 1703 (1803 print). ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles (September 29, 1678–June 24, French aristocrat and soldier. ... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... FranÃ§ois-Marie de Broglie, later 1st duc de Broglie (11 January 1671â€“22 May 1745), the third son of Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, was a French military leader. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 â€“ Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 â€“ Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole RÃ¸mer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Events March 11 â€“ Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Events March 11 â€“ Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Maurice, comte de Saxe (German Moritz Graf von Sachsen) (October 28, 1696 – November 30, 1750), Marshal General of France, the natural son of Augustus II of Poland and of the countess Aurora Königsmark, was born at Goslar. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 â€“ Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all camps and armies of the King in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... 1677 (MDCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 â€“ Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 â€“ Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... 1677 (MDCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow March 25 - For the last time, New Years Day is legally on March 25 in England and Wales. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... This does not cite its references or sources. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Louis FranÃ§ois Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (March 13, 1696 - August 8, 1788) was a marshal of France and a grandnephew of Cardinal Richelieu. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1686 (MDCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Duke Louis Charles dEstrÃ©es (July 2, 1695 - January 2, 1771) was a French military commander and Marshal of France. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Charles-Pierre-Gaston-FranÃ§ois de LÃ©vis, duc de LÃ©vis-Mirepoix (1699-1757), marÃ©chal de France (1757) and ambassador of Louis XV was a member of a house that had been established in Languedoc as seigneurs of Mirepoix, AriÃ¨ge since the eleventh century. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Year 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise (1715â€“July 4, 1787) was a peer and marshal of France, the grandson of the Princesse de Soubise, who is known to history as one of the mistresses of Louis XIV. He accompanied Louis XV in the campaign of 1744-1748 and attained high... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Victor-FranÃ§ois, 2nd duc de Broglie (19 October 1718â€“30 March 1804) was a French aristocrat and soldier and a marshal of France. ... // The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1711 (MDCCXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Twenty Marshals under Louis XVI, 1774 – 1792

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (23 August 1754 â€“ 21 January 1793) was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... ... Louis, 4th duc de Noailles (21 April 1713 â€“ 22 August 1793), who bore the title of duc dAyen until his fathers death in 1766, when he became duc de Noailles, served in most of the wars of the eighteenth century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... ... Nicolay, the name of a French family of Vivarais which came rapidly into legal prominence at the end of the 15th century. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... ... Philippe, comte de Noailles and later prince de Poix, duc de Mouchy, and duc de Poix Ã brevÃªt (27 December 1715 â€“ 27 June 1794), was a younger brother of Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, and a more distinguished soldier than his brother. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... ... ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... ... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Battle of Gangut, by Maurice Baquoi, 1724-27. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Philippe Henri, marquis de SÃ©gur (1724 - 3 October 1801) was a marshal of France. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... // The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... General LÃ©vis encouraging his French army at the battle of Sainte-Foy FranÃ§ois Gaston, duc de LÃ©vis (August 20, 1719 â€“ November 20, 1787), born near Limoux, was a French noble and a Marshal of France. ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Niklaus, Count Luckner ( 1722 - 1794), Marshal of France, originated in Cham in eastern Bavaria, and joined the French military in 1763. ... // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (July 1, 1725 â€“ May 10, 1807) was a French aristocrat, soldier, and a Marshal of France. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

First Empire

The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ...

Twenty-six Marshals under Napoleon I, 1804 – 1814

The names of a great proportion of these have been given to successive stretches of a circular avenue encircling Paris, thus nicknamed Boulevard des Maréchaux ("The Marshals' Boulevard"). Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 â€“ 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Louis Alexandre Berthier, Marshal of France Louis Alexandre Berthier, prince de NeuchÃ¢tel (February 20, 1753 â€“ June 1, 1815), marshal of France, Vice-Constable of France beginning in 1808, and chief of staff under Napoleon, was born at Versailles. ... 1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Joachim Murat, King of Naples, Marshal of France Murat portrait, by FranÃ§ois Pascal Simon, Baron GÃ©rard, c. ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, duc de Conegliano (1754–1842), Marshal of France, was a prominent soldier in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste Jourdan Jean-Baptiste, comte Jourdan (April 29, 1762 â€“ November 23, 1833), was a marshal of France. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... AndrÃ© MassÃ©na, Marshal of France AndrÃ© MassÃ©na (May 6, 1758, Nice â€“ April 4, 1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, was a French soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Pierre FranÃ§ois Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione Pierre FranÃ§ois Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione (October 21, 1757 â€“ June 12, 1816) was a French General, marshal of France and protagonist of both the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Charles XIV John (Swedish: Carl XIV Johan), born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 â€“ March 8, 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway (where he was known as Carl III Johan) from 1818 until his death. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Lithograph of Guillaume Marie Anne Brune by Delpech Guillaume Marie Anne Brune (March 13, 1763 â€“ August 2, 1815) was a marshal of France. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie (March 29, 1769 â€“ November 26, 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of France in 1804. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all camps and armies of the King in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Jean Lannes Jean Lannes, Duke of Montebello (April 11, 1769 â€“ May 31, 1809), marshal of France, was born at Lectoure (Gers). ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Ã‰douard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Marshal of France Ã‰douard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, duc de TrÃ©vise (February 13, 1768 â€“ July 28, 1835), marshal of France under NapolÃ©on, was born at Le Cateau-CambrÃ©sis, and entered the army as a sub-lieutenant in 1791. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Michel Ney, Marshal of France. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Davout, Marshal of France Louis Nicolas dAvout (May 10, 1770 â€“ June 1, 1823), better known as Davout, duc dAuerstÃ¤dt, prince dEckmÃ¼hl, and a marshal of France. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste BessiÃ¨res Jean Baptiste BessiÃ¨res, duke of Istria (August 6, 1768 â€“ May 1, 1813), was a French marshal. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... FranÃ§ois Christophe de Kellermann FranÃ§ois Christophe Kellermann or de Kellermann (28 May 1735 - 23 September 1820), duke of Valmy and marshal of France, came of a Saxon family, long settled in Strasbourg and ennobled. ... Events 12 February â€” The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... FranÃ§ois Joseph Lefebvre, Marshal of France FranÃ§ois Joseph Lefebvre, duc de Dantzig, (1755-1820) was marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Dominique Catherine de PÃ©rignon, Marshal of France Dominique-Catherine PÃ©rignon, marquis de Grenade (1754-1818) was marshal of France. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SÃ©rurier, comte SÃ©rurier (December 8, 1742â€”December 24, 1819), was a French soldier and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno (7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a marshal of France during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Etienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald Etienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald (November 17, 1765 - September 7, 1840), duke of Taranto and marshal of France, was born at Sedan, France. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nicolas Charles Oudinot (April 25, 1767 - September 13, 1847), duke of Reggio, was a marshal of France. ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Auguste FrÃ©dÃ©ric Louis Viesse de Marmont, Marshal of France. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Louis Gabriel Suchet, duc dAlbufera da Valencia (March 2, 1770 - January 3, 1826), marshal of France, one of the most brilliant of Napoleons generals, was the son of a silk manufacturer at Lyons, where he was born. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... The oldest surviving photograph, NicÃ©phore NiÃ©pce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Marshal of France Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr (April 13, 1764 â€“ March 17, 1830) was a French marshal. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... Noble Family Poniatowski Coat of Arms CioÅ‚ek Parents Andrzej Poniatowski Maria Teresa Kinsky Consorts Zelia SitaÅ„ska Zofia Potocka Children with Zelia SitaÅ„ska: JÃ³zef SzczÄ™sny Poniatowski; with Zofia Potocka: Karol JÃ³zef Poniatowski. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Emmanuel, Marquis de Grouchy, Marshal of France Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy (October 23, 1766 â€“ May 29, 1847), marshal of France, was born in Paris. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du TrocadÃ©ro. ...

Second Restoration

The Second Restoration, or Seconde Restauration in French, was a period in the history of France which saw the return of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of France following the Hundred Days (Cent-Jours) in which Napoleon Bonapart briefly returned to rule France from his exile in Elba. ...

Six Marshals under Louis XVIII, 1815 – 1824

Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France and Navarre from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to Napoleons return in the Hundred Days. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Events 12 February â€” The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Henri-Jacques-Guillaume Clarke, comte dHunebourg, duc de Feltre (October 17, 1765 - October 28, 1818), born in Landecries, was a Marshal of France and politician of Irish decent. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville (May 10, 1752 - April 23, 1821), was a French general. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law, marquis de Lauriston (February 1, 1768 - June 12, 1828), French soldier and diplomatist, was the son of Jacques François Law de Lauriston (1724-1785), a general officer in the French army, and was born at Pondicherry. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Gabriel-Jean-Joseph, comte Molitor (March 7, 1770 - July 28, 1849), was a Marshal of France, born Hayingen in Lorraine. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Three Marshals under Charles X, 1824 – 1830

Charles X of France and Navarre (October 9, 1757 â€“ November 6, 1836) was born at the Palace of Versailles. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Ludwig Aloysius, FÃ¼rst von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (August 18, 1765 - May 30, 1829), was a German prince and Marshal of France. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nicolas Joseph Maison (December 19, 1770 - February 13, 1840), born in Ã‰pinay-sur-Seine, was a Marshal of France and Minister of War. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Louis-Auguste-Victor, Count de Ghaisnes de Bourmont (1773-1846) was a Marshall of France. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

July Monarchy

The July Monarchy was established in France with the reign of Louis Philippe of France. ...

Ten Marshals under Louis-Philippe 1830 – 1848

Louis-Philippe, King of the French (October 6, 1773 â€“ August 26, 1850) reigned as the OrlÃ©anist king of the French from 1830 to 1848. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Painting of Ã‰tienne Maurice, comte GÃ©rard, marshal of France by Jacques-Louis David Ã‰tienne Maurice GÃ©rard (April 4, 1773 - April 17, 1852), French general, was born at Damvilliers (Meuse). ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Bertrand, count Clauzel (or Clausel) (December 12, 1772 - April 21, 1842), marshal of France, was born at Mirepoix (Ariège), and served in the first campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars as one of the volunteers of 1791. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Emmanuel, Marquis de Grouchy, Marshal of France Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy (October 23, 1766 â€“ May 29, 1847), marshal of France, was born in Paris. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Georges Mouton, count of Lobau (February 21, 1770 - November 21, 1838) was a Marshal of France born in Pfalzburg, Lorraine who enlisted in the French army in 1792. ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... | JÃ¶ns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Sylvain-Charles, comte ValÃ©e (December 17, 1773 - August 16, 1846), born in in Brienne-le-ChÃ¢teau, was a Marshal of France. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Horace FranÃ§ois Bastien Sebastiani (1772-1851) was a French soldier and diplomat. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte dErlon (July 29, 1765-January 25, 1844) was a marshal of France and a soldier in Napoleons army, who commanded the French 1st Corps at the battle of Waterloo. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... HonorÃ© Charles Michel Joseph Reille (September 1, 1775 - March 4, 1860) was a Marshal of France, born in Antibes. ... ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie (April 30, 1775 - February 28, 1851) was a Marshal of France. ... ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Second Republic

The French Second Republic (often simply Second Republic) was the republican government of France between the 1848 Revolution and the coup by Louis Napoleon which initiatied the Second Empire. ...

Seven Marshals under Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1848 – 1852

NapolÃ©on III Emperor of the French (Charles Louis NapolÃ©on Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 â€“ 9 January 1873) was President of the French Republic from 1849 to 1852, and then Emperor of the French under the name NapolÃ©on III from 1852 to 1870. ... JÃ©rÃ´me Bonaparte JÃ©rÃ´me Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (November 15, 1784 - June 24, 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon, who made him King of Westphalia (1807-1813). ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... RÃ©mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans (November 13, 1775 â€“ June 22, 1852) was a distinguished French marshal, born at Bar-le-Duc. ... ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant (December 6, 1790 - June 4, 1872), born in Dijon, was a Marshal of France. ... Year 1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud (August 20, 1801-September 29, 1854), French soldier, served as a Marshal of France. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Second Empire

Twelve Marshals under Napoleon III, 1852 – 1870

NapolÃ©on III Emperor of the French (Charles Louis NapolÃ©on Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 â€“ 9 January 1873) was President of the French Republic from 1849 to 1852, and then Emperor of the French under the name NapolÃ©on III from 1852 to 1870. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Achille Baraguey dHilliers (1795-1878). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Aimable Jean Jacques PÃ©lissier, comte de Malakoff (November 6, 1794 - May 22, 1864), Duke of Malakoff, was a marshal of France. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... FranÃ§ois Certain Canrobert (June 27, 1809 - January 28, 1895), was a marshal of France. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Pierre François Joseph Bosquet ( 1810- 1861) was a Marshal of France. ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta President of France, 1873-1879 Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (July 13, 1808 - October 16, 1893) was a Frenchman of Irish descent. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Auguste Michel Ã‰tienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean dAngely (July 29, 1794 - February 1, 1870), born in Paris the son of Michel Louis Ã‰tienne, comte Regnaud de Saint-Jean dAngely was Marshal of France and politician. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Adolphe Niel (October 4, 1802 - August 13, 1869) was a marshal of France. ... --69. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Comte Philippe Antoine dâ€™Ornano, (January 17, 1784 - October 13, 1863) was a French soldier and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Ã‰lie-FrÃ©dÃ©ric Forey (January 10, 1804 - June 20, 1872) was a Marshal of France. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... Painting of FranÃ§ois Achille Bazaine by Jean-Adolphe Beauce on campaign in Mexico FranÃ§ois Achille Bazaine (February 13, 1811 - September 23, 1888) was a French general, marshal of France from 1864. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Edmond Leboeuf (5 November 1809 - 7 June 1888) was a marshal of France. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Third Republic

The French Third Republic, (in French, La TroisiÃ¨me RÃ©publique, sometimes written as La IIIe RÃ©publique) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. ...

Three Marshals under Raymond Poincaré, 1913 – 1920

Raymond PoincarÃ©, President of the French Republic during the Great War. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (January 12, 1852 - January 3, 1931) was a Catalan French general who became prominent in the battles of World War I. Joffre was born in Rivesaltes, Roussillon. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Ferdinand Foch OM GCB (October 2, 1851 â€“ March 20, 1929) was a French soldier, military educator and author credited for possessing the most original and subtle mind in the French Army. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Henri-Philippe PÃ©tain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph PÃ©tain (24 April 1856 â€“ 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe PÃ©tain or Marshal PÃ©tain, was a French general, later Head of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Five Marshals under Alexandre Millerand, 1920 – 1924

Alexandre Millerand, French statesman Alexandre Millerand (February 10, 1859 - April 7, 1943 at Versailles, France) was a French socialist and politician. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Joseph-Simon Gallieni Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 - 27 May 1916) was a French military leader in the French colonies and later in World War I. Biography Gallieni was born at Saint-Beat, in the department of Haute-Garonne. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (1854 - 1934), made Marshal of France in 1921, was the first French Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Louis Félix Marie François Franchet dEspèrey ( 25 May 1856 – 3 July 1942) was a French general during the First World War. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Marie Ã‰mile Fayolle (1858 - 1928) was a Marshal of France. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... General Michel-Joseph Maunoury (1847-1923) was a commander of French forces in the early days of World War I. He was recalled from retirement at the age of 67 in August 1914 to lead the so-called Army of Lorraine. But his place in history would be made in... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Fourth Republic

This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Three Marshals under Vincent Auriol, 1947 – 1954

French statesman Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol (27 August 1884 - 1 January 1966) was a French politician who served as first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. ... Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (February 2, 1889 - January 11, 1952) was a French military hero of World War II. Born at Mouilleron-en-Pareds (during the time of Georges Clemenceau, who was also born there), he graduated from school in 1911, and fought in World War I. He specialized... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Philippe de Hauteclocque, often known by his French resistance alias Leclerc (November 22, 1902 - November 28, 1947), was a Marshal of France. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alphonse Juin (December 16, 1888-January 27, 1967) was a Marshal of France. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Fifth Republic

The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ...

One Marshal under François Mitterrand, 1981 – 1995

Category: Marshals of France IPA: (October 26, 1916 â€“ January 8, 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995, elected as representative of the Socialist Party (PS). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marie Pierre Koenig (October 10, 1898 â€“ September 2, 1970) was a French general. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

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