Mart Laar
Prime Minister of Estonia
In office March 25, 1999 – January 28, 2002
Preceded by	Mart Siimann
Succeeded by	Siim Kallas
In office October 21, 1992 – November 8, 1994
Preceded by	Tiit Vähi (acting)
Succeeded by	Andres Tarand
Born	April 22, 1960 Viljandi, Estonia
Political party	Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica

Mart Laar (born April 22, 1960 in Viljandi) is an Estonian statesman and historian. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 2. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Mart Siimann (born September 21, 1946 in Kilingi-Nõmme), was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1997 to 1999. ... Categories: Stub | 1948 births | European Commissioners ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Tiit Vähi (10 January 1947 - ), was an Estonian politician, as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997, and as acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government. ... Andres Tarand (born 11 January 1940 in Tallinn), is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... County Viljandi County Area 14. ... Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (in Estonian: Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit) is an Estonian political party. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... County Viljandi County Area 14. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

Laar was a member of the right-of-center Pro Patria Union, which in 2006 merged with the more technocratic Res Publica Party. In addition to being a politician, Laar has written several books on Estonian and Russian history. He was also a history teacher in Tallinn, as well as the past president of Council of Historians of the Foundation of the Estonia Inheritance, the Society for the Preservation of Estonia History and the Society of University Students of Estonian. Laar graduated form Tartu University in 1983, and received his masters degree from the same university in 1995. Among his books are War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944-1956. It is about all those who continued to fight in the woods against the Soviet authority after WWII. ISBN 0-929590-09-0 The Pro Patria Union or Isamaaliit is a conservative political party in Estonia. ... Res Publica Party (Estonian: Erakond Res Publica) is a conservative political party in Estonia. ... County Harju County Mayor Jüri Ratas Area 159. ... The University of Tartu (Estonian: Tartu Ülikool, German: Universität Dorpat) is the national university of Estonia, and the one classical university in Estonia, located in the city of Tartu. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Young Lithuanian Forest Brothers in 1947 The Forest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; in Estonian: metsavennad, in Latvian meža brāļi, in Lithuanian miÅ¡ko broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian guerillas (partisans) who fought against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation...

His installment as Prime Minister, by the Riigikogu on 21 October 1992, launched what is perhaps the single most dramatic transformation of a politician (even in purely physical terms) on the Estonian scene: Laar went from bespectacled young Turk with a bookish cachet as a heritage scholar, to a politician's politician, a somewhat senatorial figure -- in the Roman sense -- with appetites to match, and murky dealings that extended far out of Estonia's geopolitical realm. In a 1994 no-confidence vote, parliament removed Laar from office amid opposition accusations of lying to the people, following sale of billions of ruble banknotes collected during the Estonian monetary reform of 1992 to the cash-deprived Chechen Republic of Ichkeria instead of delivering them for free to Russian Federation, as the latter had demanded. Riigikogu is the name of the national parliament of Estonia. ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... ISO 4217 Code RUB User(s) Russia and self-proclaimed Abkhazia and South Ossetia Inflation 10. ... Official language Chechen Capital Grozny (Dzhokharabad, after 1996) President Doku Umarov Independence  â€“ Declared  â€“ Recognition From Russia  â€“ November 1, 1991  â€“ Georgian Republic National anthem Death or Freedom The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria IPA: (Нохчийн Республика Нохчийчоь) is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. ...

Five years later, in 1999, Laar returned to the post, with his main policy goals being to pull the economy out of a slump and lead the country toward the European Union. He remained in the post until he stepped down in 2002. Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

Many credit Laar for leading Estonia through lightning economic reforms that won Western praise and ultimately laid the groundwork for rapid economic growth and acceptance to European Union entry talks. It is also believed that Laar's economic reforms led to the Baltic Tiger period starting for Estonia after 2000. But the reforms were tough, and Laar was hurt by scandal concerning the ruble deal and by a multimillion-dollar Israeli arms purchase. A glass skyscraper – an icon of Estonias economic boom Baltic Tiger is a term used to refer to any of the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania – during their periods of economic boom, which started after the year 2000 and continues up to the present moment. ...

Political and economic Reforms

Laar’s reforms are referred to as the most thorough in the region and are occasionally used as a model for other transitions. The contributions to the study of transitions made by the Estonian reforms are often categorized as mainly three: lustration, economic reforms and geopolitical reorientation. Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. ... Look up transition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up transition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lustration is, literally, a sacrifice, or ceremony, by which cities, fields, armies, or people, defiled by crimes, pestilence, or other cause of uncleanness, were purified. During the period after the fall of the various European Communist states in 1989–1991, the term came to refer to the policy of... Geopolitics analyses politics, history and social science with reference to geography. ...

Economic reforms

Estonia benefited from hindsight, in that its transition came two years after the transitions in the other former Soviet satellites of Central Europe. Estonia was able to implement many of their lessons while seemingly avoiding pitfalls. Three innovations to the study of economic transitions stand out: In telecommunication, a transition is the change from one signal state to another signal state. ... The term satellite state, by analogy to stellar objects orbiting a larger object, such as planets revolving around the sun, refers to a country that is formally sovereign but that is in fact dominated by a larger hegemonic power. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

• Hybrid privatization. By combining the Hungarian and Treuhand models on the one hand, with the Czech voucher privatization program on the other, Estonia implemented a hybrid privatization system which was perceived as both just and efficient while avoiding the pitfalls of the earlier models. Laar’s director of privatization was Jaan Manitski, a Swede-Estonian and former manager of the Swedish pop group ABBA.
• Flat tax. Estonia under Laar was the first country to implement a flat tax, which was partially emulated by some other countries, including Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania and others. Russia, for example, dramatically increased tax collection revenues while slashing tax rates. Laar claims the only book on economics he had read before becoming prime minister at the age of 32 was Free to Choose by Milton Friedman, although according to his autobiography he is a Conservative, not a Libertarian.
• Banking reform. Laar implemented harsh banking reform by encouraging the bankruptcy of banks suspected of having been taken over by the mafia. Though the International Monetary Fund at the time criticized this policy (as they did the Estonian policy of leaving the ruble zone in 1992), it was proven successful as Estonia did not suffer a banking crisis later as other transition countries did (even the Czech Republic). After 2000, the Yugoslavian reformers applied this same policy.

This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Treuhand (Treuhandanstalt or Treuhand agency) was the agency that privatized the East German state owned enterprises. ... The voucher privatization is a privatization method where the citizens get or can inexpensively buy a book of vouchers that represent potential shares in any state-owned company. ... ABBA was a Swedish pop music group active from 1972 until 1982, and are the most successful act ever to come out of Scandinavia. ... A flat tax, also called a proportional tax, is a system that taxes all entities in a class (typically either citizens or corporations) at the same rate (as a proportion on income), as opposed to a graduated, or progressive, scheme. ... A flat tax, also called a proportional tax, is a system that taxes all entities in a class (typically either citizens or corporations) at the same rate (as a proportion on income), as opposed to a graduated, or progressive, scheme. ... A tax collector is a person who collects unpaid taxes from other people or corporations. ... In a tax system and in economics, the tax rate describes the burden ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. ... Free to Choose is both a book (ISBN 0156334607) and a ten-part television series. ... Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was a prominent American economist and public intellectual. ... This article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ... See also Libertarianism and Libertarian Party Libertarian,is a term for person who has made a conscious and principled commitment, evidenced by a statement or Pledge, to forswear violating others rights and usually living in voluntary communities: thus in law no longer subject to government supervision. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organizations to pay their... The Mafia (also referred to as Cosa Nostra or the Mob), is a criminal secret society which first developed in the mid-19th century in Sicily. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Theatrical promotional poster depicting a bank run A bank run is a type of financial crisis. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ...

Geopolitical reorientation

Estonia also became a case study in "escaping geography". From near total dependence on Russia for trade, by 2004, trade with that country was less than 4% of the total. Estonia since 2004 is a full member of both the European Union and NATO. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ...

Recognition and criticism

The results of the radical reforms have been recognized by Transparency International (which ranked Estonia the least corrupt country in the post-communist region), the Heritage Foundation / Wall Street Journal (whose index qualified Estonia as the most economically free in all of Europe), and the United Nations Development Program (whose Human Development Index measured Estonia’s rapid rise in such quality-of-life parameters as education, health, income and environment). On the other hand, serious criticism both within Estonia and abroad has focused on the harsh social effects of the reforms (to which Laar admits), rash privatizations and economic measures that actually did not increase economic productivity and were innovation-unfriendly, and other drawbacks^{[citation needed]}. Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ... The Heritage Foundation is a public policy research institute based in Washington, D.C., in the United States. ... The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with a worldwide average daily circulation of more than 2. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... Income, generally defined, is the money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or a business. ...

It may be said that, especially from the outside, the evaluation of Laar's performance and heritage mainly depends on the evaluators' econo-political outlook, but that the evaluation of his tenure generally tends towards the positive. Many of the social and economic problems attributed to Laar's rapid form of transition can also be found, and to greater degrees, in more gradual post-communist transition cases as well^{[citation needed]}.

Recent activities

Laar has been involved in assisting and counseling other democratic activists and reformers in the region and beyond, including in Yugoslavia (before 2000), Moldova, Ukraine (before 2004), Mexico (after its own transition in 2000) and Cuba (the Miami-Dade city council in Florida enacted a "Mart Laar Day" in 2003). Together with Václav Havel, Filip Dimitrov, Árpád Göncz, Petr Pithart, Vytautas Landsbergis, Patricio Aylwin and other transition leaders, he participates in the International Committee for Democracy in Cuba. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... County slogan: Delivering Excellence Every Day Location of county in the state of Florida County Seat Miami, Florida Area  - Total  - Water 6,297 km² (2,431 mi²) 1,257 km² (485 mi²) 19. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area  Ranked 22nd  - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] km²)  - Width 361 miles (582 km)  - Length 447 miles (721 km)  - % water 17. ... Václav Havel, GCB, CC, (IPA: ) (born October 5, 1936 in Prague) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ... Filip Dimitrov (born 31 March 1955) is a Bulgarian politician. ... Árpád Göncz Árpád Göncz (left) with fellow artist Károly Makk (right) Árpád Göncz (born February 10, 1922 in Budapest) is a Hungarian liberal politician and former President of The Republic (May 2, 1990–August 4, 2000). ... Petr Pithart (born January 2, 1941 in Kladno) is Czech politician. ... Vytautas Landsbergis Professor Vytautas Landsbergis ( (help· info), born October 18, 1932) is a Lithuanian conservative politician and member of the European Parliament. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The International Committee for Democracy in Cuba is a group based in Prague and headed by former Czech leader Václav Havel. ...

In 2003, Laar received the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for his contributions to the development of the electronic systems in Estonia. In 2002, the Wharton Business School of the University of Pennsylvania and Infosys started the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award. ...

After the Rose Revolution in Georgia, Laar became advisor to President Saakashvili and assisted his government in carring out radical liberal reforms. This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mikhail Saakashvili briefing the press at UN headquarters Mikhail Saakashvili (Georgian: მიხეილ სააკაშვილი) (born Thursday, December 21, 1967), Georgian jurist and politician, is the President of Georgia. ...

Laar was the 2006 recipient of the Cato Institute's Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty which is awarded biannually to "an individual who has made a significant contribution to advancing human freedom." The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Institutes stated mission is to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace by seeking greater involvement of the... The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Institutes stated mission is to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace by seeking greater involvement of the...

In September 2006, Laar announced that he will come out of political retirement to run for the candidacy for Prime Minister of the new Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica party. Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (in Estonian: Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit) is an Estonian political party. ...

In January 2007, it was announced that Mart Laar would become a Mont Pelerin Society member. The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international organization composed of economists, intellectuals, business leaders, and others who favour economic liberalism. ...

References

• Laar's biography for the Friedman Prize

External links

• The Baltic Tiger: How Estonia Did It (Conference at UFM, Guatemala)

Heads of Government of Estonia
Prime Ministers (1918-1920)
Päts | Strandman | Tõnisson | Birk | Tõnisson | Piip
State Elders (1920-1934) Piip | Päts | Kukk | Päts | Akel | Jaakson | Teemant | Tõnisson | Rei | Strandman | Päts | Teemant | Einbund | Päts | Tõnisson | Päts Tiit Vähi (10 January 1947 - ), was an Estonian politician, as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997, and as acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... Andres Tarand (born 11 January 1940 in Tallinn), is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. ... Mart Siimann (born September 21, 1946 in Kilingi-Nõmme), was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1997 to 1999. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... Categories: Stub | 1948 births | European Commissioners ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Jaan Tõnisson (22 December 1868 - Unknown) was an Estonian politician, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932. ... Aadu Birk (born 14 November 1883 in Tarvastu, died 2 February 1942 in Sosva, Sverdlovsk oblast, Russia) was Prime Minister of Estonia. ... Jaan Tõnisson (22 December 1868 - Unknown) was an Estonian politician, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932. ... Ants Piip VR III/1 (February 28, 1884, Tuhalaane Parish, Estonia - October 1, 1942, Nõrõbi camp, Perm Oblast, Soviet Union) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician. ... The State Elder or Elder of State (a direct translation of the Estonian: Riigivanem) was the official title of the Estonian Head of State during 1921 to 1934. ... Ants Piip VR III/1 (February 28, 1884, Tuhalaane Parish, Estonia - October 1, 1942, Nõrõbi camp, Perm Oblast, Soviet Union) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Juhan (Johann) Kukk (April 13, 1885, Salla, Estonia - December 4, 1942, Arkhangelsk, Soviet Union) was Estonian politician. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Friedrich Karl Akel (September 5, 1871, Halliste, Estonia - July 3, 1941, Tallinn, Estonia) was Estonian diplomat and politician. ... Jüri Jaakson VR III/1 (January 16, 1870, Uue-Võidu, Estonia - April 20, 1942, Sosva, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Soviet Union) was Estonian businessman and politician. ... Jaan Teemant (September 24, 1872, Vigala Commune, Estonia - unknown) was Estonian lawyer and politician. ... Jaan Tõnisson (22 December 1868 - Unknown) was an Estonian politician, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932. ... August Rei August Rei (22 March 1886 - 29 March 1963) was an Estonian politician. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Jaan Teemant (September 24, 1872, Vigala Commune, Estonia - unknown) was Estonian lawyer and politician. ... Kaarel Eenpalu, until 1935 Karl August Einbund (28 May 1888 in Tartu County, Estonia - 27/28 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Jaan Tõnisson (22 December 1868 - Unknown) was an Estonian politician, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932. ... Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ...
Prime Ministers (1934-1940, 1944) Päts | Eenpalu | Uluots | (Vares) | Tief  Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23, 1874 – January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... Kaarel Eenpalu, until 1935 Karl August Einbund (28 May 1888 in Tartu County, Estonia - 27/28 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state. ... Jüri Uluots (January 13, 1890 - January 9, 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, and prominent attorney. ... Johannes Vares (12 January 1890 (O.S. 31 December 1891) - November 29, 1946) was an Estonian poet, doctor, and politician. ... Otto Tief Otto Tief (14. ...
Prime Ministers in Exile (1944-1992) (Tief) | Sikkar | Kint | Warma | Kint | Mark | Penno  Otto Tief Otto Tief (14. ... This organization, company, or building article needs to be wikified. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Aleksander Warma VR I/3 (June 22, 1890 Kõnnu Commune, Estonia - December 23, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden) was Estonian navy officer and diplomat. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Prime Ministers, Estonian SSR (1940-1990) Lauristin | (Mäe) | (Sepre) | Veimer | Müürisepp | Klauson | Saul | Toome State motto: Kõigi maade proletaarlased, ühinege (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language Estonian, Russian (de facto) Capital Tallinn Chairman of the Supreme Council Arnold Rüütel (at the time of regaining independence) Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until July 21, 1940 August 6, 1940 August 20, 1991... Hjalmar Mäe (October 24, 1901 Tuhala, Harjumaa – April 10, 1978 Graz) was Head of the Directorate of the Estonian Self-Administration during the occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany Categories: | | | | | ...
Prime Ministers, Republic of Estonia (1990-) (Savisaar) | (Vähi) | Laar | Tarand | Vähi | Siimann | Laar | Kallas | Parts | Ansip  Edgar Savisaar Edgar Savisaar (born May 31, 1950 in Harku Commune, Harju County), is an Estonian politician and the leader of the Centre Party. ... Tiit Vähi (10 January 1947 - ), was an Estonian politician, as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997, and as acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government. ... Andres Tarand (born 11 January 1940 in Tallinn), is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. ... Tiit Vähi (10 January 1947 - ), was an Estonian politician, as the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997, and as acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government. ... Mart Siimann (born September 21, 1946 in Kilingi-Nõmme), was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1997 to 1999. ... Categories: Stub | 1948 births | European Commissioners ... Juhan Parts (born 27 August 1966 in Tallinn) is a former Prime Minister of Estonia, and Chairman of the Res Publica party. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...