Martello towers (or simply Martellos) are small defensive forts built in several countries of the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the Napoleonic Wars onwards. They stand up to 40 feet (12m) high (with two floors) and typically had a garrison of one officer and 25 men. Their round structure and thick walls of solid masonry made them very resistant to cannon fire, while their height made them an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse a 360° arc. A few Martello towers were surrounded by a moat for extra defence. They were used throughout the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often being preserved as historic monuments. For the fortification of food, see Food fortification. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia  Spain[d]  Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... Rifling is the means by which a firearm gyroscopically stabilizes a projectile. ...

A Martello tower at Clacton-on-Sea on the east coast of England

The Wish Tower Martello Tower in Eastbourne

A Martello tower at Clacton-on-sea, Essex. ... A Martello tower at Clacton-on-sea, Essex. ... Town - Clacton-on-Sea Location - Essex, England Founded - 1871 Population (1991) - 45,065 Clacton-on-Sea is the largest town on the Tendring Peninsula, in Essex, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1115x717, 223 KB) source author harveyqs I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1115x717, 223 KB) source author harveyqs I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... For other places with the same name, see Eastbourne (disambiguation). ...

Origins

A Martello tower on the plains of Abraham in Quebec City (Quebec, Canada), at the top of Cap Diamant and in front of the Saint Lawrence River.

Martello towers were inspired by a round fortress, part of a larger Genovese defense system, at Mortella Point in Corsica (see picture here). Since the 15th century, similar towers had been built at strategic points around Corsica to protect coastal villages and shipping from North African pirates. They stood one or two stories high and measured 12-15 m (36-45 ft) in diameter, with a single doorway 5 m off the ground that could only be reached by climbing a removable ladder. The towers were paid for by local villagers and staffed by watchmen (known as torregiani) who would signal the approach of unexpected ships by lighting a fire on the tower's roof. This would alert the local defence forces to the incoming threat. Although the pirate threat subsequently dwindled, the Genovese built a newer generation of circular towers which were used to ward off later foreign invasions.^[1] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 537 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1074 pixel, file size: 291 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) La tour Martello no 1 sur les plaines dAbraham, devant le Fleuve Saint-Laurent (Ville de Québec, Canada) The Martello tower number 1 on... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 537 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1074 pixel, file size: 291 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) La tour Martello no 1 sur les plaines dAbraham, devant le Fleuve Saint-Laurent (Ville de Québec, Canada) The Martello tower number 1 on... The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, fought September 13, 1759, was a decisive battle during the French and Indian War, the U.S. name for the North American phase of the Seven Years War. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... This article is about the Canadian province. ... a broat veiew of the St LAwrence River, with a Quebec City on a background The Saint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large south west-to-north east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Corsica (disambiguation). ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

Portmarnock Martello tower, one of many on Ireland's east coast

On 7 February 1794, the tower at Mortella Point was attacked by two British warships, HMS Fortitude (74 guns) and HMS Juno (32 guns) and was eventually captured by land-based forces under Sir John Moore after two days of heavy fighting. Vice-Admiral Lord Hood reported: Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 543 pixelsFull resolution (1875 × 1272 pixel, file size: 637 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 543 pixelsFull resolution (1875 × 1272 pixel, file size: 637 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Fortitude. ... Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Juno after the Roman goddess Juno, launched in 1896, was an Eclipse-class protected cruiser. ... General John Moore Sir John Moore, KB (November 13, 1761 – January 16, 1809) was a British soldier and General. ... Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, 1724–1816 by James Northcote, painted 1784. ...

The Fortitude and Juno were ordered against it, without making the least impression by a continued cannonade of two hours and a half; and the former ship being very much damaged by red-hot shot, both hauled off. The walls of the Tower were of a prodigious thickness, and the parapet, where there were two eighteen-pounders, was lined with bass junk, five feet from the walls, and filled up with sand; and although it was cannonaded from the Height for two days, within 150 yards, and appeared in a very shattered state, the enemy still held out; but a few hot shot setting fire to the bass, made them call for quarter. The number of men in the Tower were 33; only two were wounded, and those mortally.^[2]

Design and construction

Diagram of the interior of a Martello tower

The British were impressed by the effectiveness of the tower against their most modern warships and copied the design. However, they got the name wrong, misspelling "Mortella" as "Martello". Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The interior of a Martello tower was divided into three stories (sometimes with an additional basement). The ground floor served as the magazine and storerooms, where ammunition, stores and provisions were kept. The garrison of 24 men and one officer lived in a casemate on the first floor, which was divided into several rooms and had fireplaces built into the walls for cooking and heating. The officer and men lived in separate rooms of almost equal size. The roof or terreplein was surmounted with one or two cannon on a central pivot which enabled them to be turned through up to 360 degrees. A well or cistern was provided within the fort to supply the garrison with fresh water. An internal drainage system linked to the roof enabled the cistern to be refilled with rainwater.^[3] A Casemate is a heavy duty structure originally a vaulted chamber in a fortress. ...

Martello towers around the world

Distribution of Martello towers worldwide

During the first half of the 19th century, the British government embarked on a large-scale programme of building Martello towers to guard the British coastline and strategic points in British colonial possessions around the world. Around 140 were built, mostly along the south coast of England. Others were constructed as far afield as Australia, Canada, Ireland, Minorca, South Africa and Sri Lanka. The construction of Martello towers abroad continued until as late as the 1850s but was discontinued after it became clear that they could not withstand the new generation of rifled artillery weapons. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 398 pixelsFull resolution (1261 × 628 pixel, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 398 pixelsFull resolution (1261 × 628 pixel, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Capital Maó Official languages Catalan & Spanish Area  -  Total 694. ...

France built similar towers along its own coastline, which they used as platforms for communication by optical telegraphs (using the Chappe Telegraph). The United States government also built a number of Martello towers along the east coast of the US, copying the British design with some modifications. The optical telegraph preceded the electrical telegraph. ... Claude Chappe Claude Chappe (December 25, 1763 – January 23, 1805) was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. ...

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Great Britain and Ireland were united as a single political entity, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, from 1801 to 1922, spanning the time during which the Martello towers were erected (the initial scheme started under the previous entities of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland). Consequently the Martello towers of Great Britain and Ireland can be considered to be part of a single defensive system, designed to protect the British Isles as a whole. This is most clearly visible on the south and east coasts of England and the east coast of Ireland, where chains of Martello towers were built. Elsewhere in the world, individual Martello towers were erected to provide point defence of strategic locations. This article is about the historical state called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927). ... For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ... This article is about the Irish kingdom existing from 1541 to 1800. ... This article describes the archipelago in north-western Europe. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

England

An aerial view of a Martello tower

Between 1804 and 1812 the British authorities built a chain of towers based on the original Mortella tower to defend the south and east coast of England, Ireland, Jersey and Guernsey to guard against possible invasion from France, then under the rule of the Emperor Napoleon. A total of 105 Martello towers were built in England, set at regular intervals along the coast from Seaford, Sussex, to Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Most were constructed under the direction of General William Twiss (1745–1827) and a Captain Ford. Martello tower, Clacton-on-sea, Essex. ... Martello tower, Clacton-on-sea, Essex. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Seaford is the name of a place in the United Kingdom: Seaford, East Sussex Seaford is the name of some places in the United States of America: Seaford, Delaware Seaford, New York Seaford, Virginia Seaford is also a place in Victoria, Australia: Seaford, Victoria This is a disambiguation page &#8212... Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Map sources for Aldeburgh at grid reference TM4656 Aldeburgh is a town in Suffolk, East Anglia, England; it is located on the Alde river at 52° North, 1° East 1. ... Suffolk (pronounced ) is a large historic and modern non-metropolitan county in East Anglia, England. ... William Twiss, (1745 – 14 March 1827), was one of the outstanding designers of military defenses of his time. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The effectiveness of Britain's Martello towers was never actually tested in combat against a Napoleonic invasion fleet. After the threat had passed, the Martello towers in England met a variety of fates. Many were taken over by the Coastguard to aid in the fight against smuggling. Fifteen towers were demolished to re-use their masonry. Thirty were washed away by the sea, while four more were destroyed by the military in experiments to test the effectiveness of the new rifled artillery. During the Second World War, some Martello towers returned to military service to serve as observation platforms and firing platforms for anti-aircraft artillery. Forty-seven have survived in England, of which a few have been restored and transformed into museums (as in the case of the tower at St Osyth), visitor centres, and galleries (such as Jaywick Martello Tower). Some privately owned or private residences and the remainder are derelict. Her Majestys Coastguard is the agency of the government of the United Kingdom concerned with co-ordinating rescue at sea. ... Rifling is the means by which a firearm gyroscopically stabilizes a projectile. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... St Osyth is a village in North East Essex in the south east of the United Kingdom. ... Jaywick Martello Tower,(History) is a new Digital_Arts venue co-produced by Essex_County_Council, Bishops_Park_College and bodydataspace. ...

Scotland

Three Martello towers were built in Scotland, two at Hackness and Crockness near Longhope in the Orkney Islands. They were constructed between 1813 and 1815 to guard against the threat of French and American raiders attacking convoys assembling offshore.^[4] The Hackness tower has been preserved and is now a museum operated by Historic Scotland.^[5] A third Scottish tower was built at Leith in 1807-09. The tower was built on offshore rocks to defend Leith Harbour, but now lies land-locked within the eastern breakwater.^[6][7] Longhope is a coastal settlement on the island of Hoy which is one of the Orkney islands off the northern coast of Scotland. ... The Orkney Islands, usually called simply Orkney, are one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Historic Scotland is the Scottish agency looking after historic monuments. ...

Ireland

Martello tower at Balbriggan

A number of Martello towers were built around the coast of Ireland, especially along the east, from Millmount to Bray, around Dublin Bay but also around Cork Harbour on the south coast. Possibly the most famous is the Martello tower in Sandycove, near Dún Laoghaire, in which James Joyce lived for a few days. Joyce shared the tower with Oliver St. John Gogarty, then a medical student but later to become famous in Irish history as a surgeon, politician and writer. The fictional character Stephen Dedalus lives in the tower with his friend Buck Mulligan in Ulysses. The character Buck Mulligan was based by Joyce on Gogarty. Known as the James Joyce Tower, it is now a museum dedicated to Joyce. A number of other Martello towers are extant nearby at Bulloch Harbour, Dalkey Island, Williamstown Seapoint and Sandymount and Martello towers feature in many literary works set in Dublin. On the North side of the city, Martello towers can be found in Portmarnock, Howth, Sutton and on both Ireland's Eye and Lambay Island. During the 1980s Bono owned the Martello tower in Bray, County Wicklow. Image File history File links Martello_tower. ... Image File history File links Martello_tower. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Millmount Fort, is a large 19th century tower located in Drogheda. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dublin Bay in relation to Ireland. ... Cork Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in the world by navigational area. ... Sandycove is a small village on the east coast of County Dublin. ... This article is about the town of Dún Laoghaire . ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... Oliver St John Gogarty (August 17, 1878-September 22, 1957) was an Irish physician and ear surgeon, who was also a poet and writer, one of the most prominent Dublin wits, and for some time a political figure of the Irish Free State. ... Stephen Dedalus was James Joyces early pen name and the name of the main character of his early novel Stephen Hero. ... Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. ... The James Joyce Tower & Museum is a martello tower in Sandycove, Dublin where James Joyce spent six nights in the tower, which was owned at the time by Oliver St. ... Bulloch Harbour is a harbour located on the south-east coast of Dublin, Ireland. ... Dalkey Island is situated about 10 miles south of Dublin just south of Dun Laoghaire harbour. ... BlackRock Inc. ... Seapoint in 1840 viewed from the Martello Tower towards Salthill and Old Dunleary, the railway line was new, having just been built a few years earlier Seapoint is a small seafront area between Blackrock and Monkstown in Dublin in the Dún Laoghaire local authority area. ... Sandymount (Dumhach Thrá in Irish) is a seaside village/suburb in the district of Dublin 4 in Ireland. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference O238432 Statistics Province: Leinster County: Elevation: sea level Population (2002) 8,376  Portmarnock (Port Mearnóg in Irish) is a suburban village north of the city of Dublin, in the part of traditional County Dublin now governed as County Fingal, Ireland. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference O283393 Statistics County: Elevation: sea level Population (2002)  - Town:  - Rural:   8706  n/a Howth (pronounced to rhyme with both; known as Binn Éadair in Irish) is a generally affluent residential area in the Fingal County Council administrative area of County Dublin, Ireland. ... Sutton (Irish: Cill Fhionntáin - Fintans cell) is a residential suburb of Dublin, Ireland. ... Sailboats seen from Irelands Eye, with Howth Head in the background Martello tower on Irelands Eye Irelands Eye is a small uninhabited island off the coast of County Dublin, Ireland, situated directly north of Howth Harbour. ... Lambay Island is situated off the coast of north county Dublin, Ireland, north of Irelands Eye. ... For other uses, see Bono (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Wicklow Code: WW Area: 2,024 km² Population (2007) 114,676 Website: www. ...

During the 19th century Fenian uprising the tower near Fota island in Cork Harbour was briefly captured and held by the famous Captain Mackey and is believed to have been the only one ever captured. The tower at Seapoint, County Dublin, is the headquarters of the Genealogical Society of Ireland,[1] while the restored tower at Ilnacullin is a feature of an island garden in Glengarriff, County Cork. Several other towers are still extant, including one at Rathmullan (the flight of the Earls), County Donegal. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bold textItalic textLink title{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2, cell 1 | row 2, cell 2 | row 2, cell 3 |} Block quote Note: This was originially a subsection of Fenian Brotherhood. ... Fota Island is a small island in Cork harbour, Ireland, just north of the larger island of Cóbh. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Dublin Code: D Area: 921 km² Population (2006) 1,186,821 County Dublin (Irish: Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath), or more correctly today the Dublin Region[1] (Réigiúin Átha Cliath), is the area that contains the city of Dublin, the capital and largest city... Genealogical Society of Ireland (Cumann Geinealais na hÉireann) is a voluntary non-governmental organisation promoting the study of genealogy, heraldry, vexillology and social history in Ireland and amongst the Irish Diaspora as open access educational leisure pursuits available to all. ... Ilnacullin, known locally as Garnish Island (properly Garinish Island), is a very tranquil yet popular tourist attraction in Ireland, located in the small harbour of Glengarriff, County Cork which forms part of Bantry Bay. ... Glengarriff (Gleann Garbh in Irish, meaning Rough glen) is a village of approximately 600 people in the south-west region of County Cork in the Republic of Ireland. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Cork Code: C (CK proposed) Area: 7,457 km² Population (2006) 480,909 (including City of Cork); 361,766 (without Cork City) Website: www. ... --Rlandmann 22:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Statistics Province: Ulster Dáil Éireann: Donegal North East, Donegal South West County Town: Lifford Code: DL Area: 4,841 km² Population (2006) 146,956 Website: www. ...

Elsewhere

Australia

Fort Denison, Sydney Harbour

The last Martello tower built in the British Empire is said to be that at Fort Denison, a small island in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. It was built to protect Sydney against the threat of a naval attack by the Russians during the Crimean War of the 1850s. It is well preserved and is now a popular tourist attraction. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1944x2592, 2034 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Martello tower Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1944x2592, 2034 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Martello tower Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Fort Denison in Sydney Harbour with the city skyline Fort Denison is a former penal site and defensive facility occupying a small island located north of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. ... For other uses, see Port Jackson (disambiguation). ... NSW redirects here. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ...

Barbuda

There is a Martello tower on the island of Barbuda in the West Indies. It is attached to a pre-existing fort, probably built by the Spanish. It was used to guard the southwest of the island, and is located approximately seven miles south of the island's main village at Codrington. Barbuda is an island in the Antigua and Barbuda. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Codrington is a town located on the island of Barbuda, which is part of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. ...

Bermuda

There is a Martello tower located at Ferry Reach in St George's Parish. It was completed in the 1820s. Ferry Reach is a three mile (five kilometre) long channel in the north of Bermuda, which lies between St. ...

British Virgin Islands

Fort Recovery on the west end of Tortola was rebuilt by the British with a Martello tower. This February 2007 does not cite any references or sources. ... Tortola is the largest and most populated of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands which form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. ...

Canada

Restored interior of Carleton Martello Tower at Saint John, New Brunswick

A total of sixteen Martello towers were built in Canada^[8], of which eleven still survive. Canadian Martello towers were built with removable cone-shaped roofs to protect against snow, and many of the restored towers now have permanent roof additions - for ease of upkeep, not historical accuracy. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 165 KB) Summary Interior of Martello tower at Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada Image by Gabriele63 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 165 KB) Summary Interior of Martello tower at Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada Image by Gabriele63 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Saint John[3] is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ...

Four towers were built in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The oldest martello-style tower in North America is the Prince of Wales Tower [2] , located in Point Pleasant Park. It was built in 1796, before such structures were to be considered built elsewhere in Canada, and was used as a redoubt, a powder magazine and has been restored as a National Heritage site. The Duke of York Martello Tower [3] was built in 1798 at York Redoubt. Its lower level still stands, though it has been boarded up for conservation purposes. The Duke of Clarence Martello Tower [4] stood on the Dartmouth shore. Sherbrooke Martello Tower [5] stood opposite York Redoubt on McNabs Island. Another Martello tower stood on Georges Island, Halifax. For other uses, see Halifax, Nova Scotia. ... Map of park at main entrance, July 2005 Point Pleasant Park is a large, forested area at the southern tip of Halifax peninsula. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... Georges Island is a glacial drumlin and the largest island entirely within the harbour limits of Halifax Harbour located in the Halifax Regional Municipality Nova Scotia. ...

Quebec City originally had four Martello towers. Tower No. 1 stands on the Plains of Abraham, overlooking the St Lawrence River. It has been restored as a museum and can be visited during the summer months. Tower no. 2 stands close nearby, and it currently hosts an 1812 Murder Mystery Dinner. Tower No. 3 was demolished in the 1900s after being used as a residence, and the fourth surviving Martello Tower in Quebec, No. 4, is located in a residential area on the north side of the Upper City. Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, fought September 13, 1759, was a decisive battle during the French and Indian War, the U.S. name for the North American phase of the Seven Years War. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Martello tower after a snowstorm at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario

Line of defense: three Martello towers (Shoal, Frederick, Cathcart) in Kingston, Ontario

No less than four were built at Kingston, Ontario to defend its harbour and naval shipyards in response to the Oregon Crisis. Two thin towers were added to the existing fortifications at Fort Henry between 1845 and 1848. These are considered dry ditch defence towers, rather than true Martello towers. The four independent towers were built as redoubts to defend against marine attacks. Two of Kingston's towers, Murney Tower and the tower at Point Frederick (at the Royal Military College of Canada) are maintained as museums which are open during the summer. Frederick Tower is further defended by earthen ramparts and a limestone curtain wall. The only Martello tower completely surrounded by water, the Shoal Tower, stands in Kingston's Confederation Basin and is opened to the public as part of Doors Open Ontario for one day only in June each year, (since 2005). The fourth, Cathcart Tower, stands unused on Cedar Island near Point Henry. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2717 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Royal Military College of Canada Martello tower Fort Frederick (Kingston) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 2717 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Royal Military College of Canada Martello tower Fort Frederick (Kingston) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added... The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), is the military academy of the Canadian Forces and is a full degree-granting university. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Fort Henry aerial photo, 1920 Fort Henry is located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on Point Henry, a strategic point of land located near the mouth of the Cataraqui River where it flows into the St. ... A Martello Tower in Kingston, Ontario Canada dating back to 1846. ... The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), is the military academy of the Canadian Forces and is a full degree-granting university. ...

Carleton Martello Tower, overlooking the harbour of Saint John, New Brunswick, is now a museum and National Historic Site. Saint John[3] is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ...

The Canadian Press reported on April 16 2006 that the Canadian military is using the same name to name a base in Afghanistan. The new base will be called Forward Operating Base (FOB) Martello.

Jamaica

There is a Martello tower located at Fort Nugent, built to guard the eastern entrance of Kingston Harbour. It was probably built in 1802, with a reported cost of £12,000. The City of Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica. ...

Mauritius

A total of five towers were built in Mauritius. One, near the La Preneuse public beach in Tamarin, has been restored by the Friends of the Environment and operates as a museum open for visitors. The original entrance to the tower is raised above ground but a new entrance has been constructed at ground level. Another one was built between Beau Bassin and Port Louis. Type Species Saguinas ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807 = Simia midas Linnaeus, 1758 Species 17 species, see text The tamarins are any of the squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Cebidae, classified as the genus Saguinus. ...

Sierra Leone

A Martello tower was built on Tower Hill at Freetown, Sierra Leone in 1805 to defend the port from attacks by the Temne people. It was significantly modified in 1870 when it was truncated to allow the installation of a water tank to supply Government House (Fort Thornton) with water. The tower has now been incorporated into Sierra Leone's Parliament Buildings. [6] For other places with the same name, see Freetown (disambiguation). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Temne people are the largest ethnic group in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone, and they make up about 29. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

South Africa

Two Martello towers were built in South Africa, one at Simon's Town Naval base near Cape Town and the other at Fort Beaufort - an unusual example of a Martello tower built inland. Nickname: Motto: Spes Bona (Latin for Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Coordinates: , Country Province Municipality City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality Founded 1652 Government [1]  - Type City council  - Mayor Helen Zille  - City manager Achmat Ebrahim Area  - City 2,499 km²  (964. ... Fort Beaufort A small town in the Amatole District of South Africas Eastern Cape Province, Fort Beaufort is named after the Duke of Beaufort, father of Lord Charles Henry Somerset, first British governor of the Cape Colony (1814 to 1826). ...

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has one Martello tower, located at Hambantota on the south coast. It was restored in 1999. Hambantota is a town in southern coastal area of Sri Lanka. ... This article is about the year. ...

United States

Ruined Martello tower at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the late 19th century

Several Martello towers were built by the United States government in various locations along the eastern seaboard. Two were built at Key West, Florida; others were built at the harbours of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Charleston, South Carolina and New York City. Two more Martello towers stood at Tybee Island, Georgia and Bayou Dupre, Louisiana.^[9] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country United States State Florida County Monroe Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Morgan McPherson Area  - City  7. ... Location in Rockingham County, New Hampshire Coordinates: , Country State County Rockingham County Incorporated 1653 Government  - Mayor Steve Marchand  - City manager John P. Bohenko Area  - City  16. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Tybee Island is an island and a present-day city in Chatham County, Georgia near the city of Savannah. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Although the design was copied from the towers erected in Canada by the British, the American Martello towers differed in some significant respects. The Martello tower built at Tybee Island, Georgia was constructed around 1815 utilising wood and tabby, a common local building material at the time, instead of the brick used for the British towers. Also unlike the British towers, the Tybee tower featured gun loops on the garrison floor that enabled muskets to be fired through the walls. It was never tested in battle and by the time of the American Civil War was in a state of disrepair. Its unfamiliar design confused local writers, who often said that the Spanish had built the tower when Georgia was Spain's colony.^[10] Tybee Island is an island and a present-day city in Chatham County, Georgia near the city of Savannah. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Muskets and bayonets aboard the frigate Grand Turk. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

A martello tower figures in the arms of the 41st Infantry Regiment of the United States Army.[7]

List of Martello towers outside Great Britain

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Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Fort Denison in Sydney Harbour with the Sydney skyline Fort Denison , is a former defensive facility occupying a small island located north of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Sydney Harbour. ... Barbuda is an island in the Antigua and Barbuda. ... Codrington is a town located on the island of Barbuda, which is part of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. ... Ferry Reach is a three mile (five kilometre) long channel in the north of Bermuda, which lies between St. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Tortola is the largest and most populated of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands which form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. ... This February 2007 does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Halifax, Nova Scotia. ... Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... Martello tower in Fort Frederick Fort Frederick is a historic military installation in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... A Martello Tower in Kingston, Ontario Canada dating back to 1846. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: « Don de Dieu feray valoir Â» (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of Québec Official logo Provincial region Province Country Capitale-Nationale Québec Canada Gentilé Québécois, Québécoise Mayor Jean-Paul LAllier 1989-Dec. ... Saint John[3] is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Location of Achill Island. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bulloch Harbour is a harbour located on the south-east coast of Dublin, Ireland. ... Dalkey Island is situated about 10 miles south of Dublin just south of Dun Laoghaire harbour. ... Fota Island is a small island in Cork harbour, Ireland, just north of the larger island of Cóbh. ... Cork Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in the world by navigational area. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference O283393 Statistics County: Elevation: sea level Population (2002)  - Town:  - Rural:   8706  n/a Howth (pronounced to rhyme with both; known as Binn Éadair in Irish) is a generally affluent residential area in the Fingal County Council administrative area of County Dublin, Ireland. ... Ilnacullin, known locally as Garnish Island (properly Garinish Island), is a very tranquil yet popular tourist attraction in Ireland, located in the small harbour of Glengarriff, County Cork which forms part of Bantry Bay. ... Sailboats seen from Irelands Eye, with Howth Head in the background Martello tower on Irelands Eye Irelands Eye is a small uninhabited island off the coast of County Dublin, Ireland, situated directly north of Howth Harbour. ... Lambay Island is situated off the coast of north county Dublin, Ireland, north of Irelands Eye. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Irish Grid Reference O238432 Statistics Province: Leinster County: Elevation: sea level Population (2002) 8,376  Portmarnock (Port Mearnóg in Irish) is a suburban village north of the city of Dublin, in the part of traditional County Dublin now governed as County Fingal, Ireland. ... --Rlandmann 22:50, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Sandycove is a small village on the east coast of County Dublin. ... This article is about the writer and poet. ... Sandymount (Dumhach Thrá in Irish) is a seaside village/suburb in the district of Dublin 4 in Ireland. ... Seapoint in 1840 viewed from the Martello Tower towards Salthill and Old Dunleary, the railway line was new, having just been built a few years earlier Seapoint is a small seafront area between Blackrock and Monkstown in Dublin in the Dún Laoghaire local authority area. ... Genealogical Society of Ireland (Cumann Geinealais na hÉireann) is a voluntary non-governmental organisation promoting the study of genealogy, heraldry, vexillology and social history in Ireland and amongst the Irish Diaspora as open access educational leisure pursuits available to all. ... Shenick Island lies east of Skerries, County Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. ... Sutton (Irish: Cill Fhionntáin - Fintans cell) is a residential suburb of Dublin, Ireland. ... BlackRock Inc. ... The City of Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica. ... --69. ... Type Species Saguinas ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807 = Simia midas Linnaeus, 1758 Species 17 species, see text The tamarins are any of the squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Cebidae, classified as the genus Saguinus. ... For other places with the same name, see Freetown (disambiguation). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Fort Beaufort A small town in the Amatole District of South Africas Eastern Cape Province, Fort Beaufort is named after the Duke of Beaufort, father of Lord Charles Henry Somerset, first British governor of the Cape Colony (1814 to 1826). ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Simons Town Harbour, looking roughly to the south and showing the waters of False Bay Simons Town (also widely written Simonstown and, in Afrikaans, Simonstad), is a village and a naval base in South Africa, near Cape Town. ... Hambantota is a town in southern coastal area of Sri Lanka. ... Lake Borgne is a lagoon in eastern Louisiana of the Gulf of Mexico. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Lake Borgne is a lagoon in eastern Louisiana of the Gulf of Mexico. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country United States State Florida County Monroe Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Morgan McPherson Area  - City  7. ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... Location in Rockingham County, New Hampshire Coordinates: , Country State County Rockingham County Incorporated 1653 Government  - Mayor Steve Marchand  - City manager John P. Bohenko Area  - City  16. ... Fort William and Mary was a colonial defensive post at New Castle, New Hampshire. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Tybee Island is an island and a present-day city in Chatham County, Georgia near the city of Savannah. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ...

References

1. ^ David Abram, The Rough Guide to Corsica, p. 103. Rough Guides, 2003
2. ^ The London Gazette, March 15, 1794
3. ^ Robert A. Ciucevich, Tybee Island: The Long Branch of the South, pp. 19-21. Arcadia Publishing, 2005
4. ^ Hackness Martello Tower. Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
5. ^ Hackness Martello Tower and Battery. Visit Scotland. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
6. ^ Leith Martello Tower. Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
7. ^ The Martello Tower. History of Leith (2004-05-26). Retrieved on 2007-07-13.
8. ^ Saunders, Ivan J., "A History of the Martello Towers in the Defence of British North America, 1796-1871," Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History #15, National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Thorn Press Limited, 1976
9. ^ Angus Konstam, American Civil War Fortification: Coastal Stone Forts. Osprey Publishing, 2003
10. ^ Robert A. Ciucevich, Tybee Island: The Long Branch of the South, pp. 19-21. Arcadia Publishing, 2005
11. ^ Codman Parkerson, New Orleans, America's Most Fortified City. The Quest, 1990

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Martello towers

• Fort Denison - Martello tower in Sydney
• List of castles
• List of fortifications
• List of forts
• Eastbourne Redoubt
• Palmerston Forts

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Fort Denison in Sydney Harbour with the city skyline Fort Denison is a former penal site and defensive facility occupying a small island located north of the Royal Botanical Gardens in Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. ... The List of castles is a link page for any castle in the sense of a fortified building. ... This is a list of fortifications past and present, a fortification being a major physical defensive structure often composed of a more or less wall-connected series of forts. ... This is a list for articles on notable historic forts which may or may not be under current active use by a military. ... // Eastbourne Redoubt was built at what is now Royal Parade, Eastbourne, East Sussex, England between 1804 and 1810 to support the associated Martello Towers. ... The Palmerston forts are a group of forts built during the Victorian period at the recommendations of the 1860 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, in response to perceived French invasion threat. ...

External links

• Carleton Martello Tower National Historic Site of Canada
• English Heritage Martello towers definition and description
• Fort Denison, Sydney
• James Joyce Tower, Dun Laoghaire
• Martello Towers homepage - a guide to England's south coast Martello towers
• Note on Sir John Moore - pictures of the original tower at Mortella
• Mortella Point (Punta Mortella) in Corsica - the ancestor of Martello towers all over the world
• Seapoint Martello Tower, Co. Dublin [9] (Restoration of an Irish Martello tower)
• Eastbourne Redoubt Fortress Military Museum
• Eastbourne Redoubt
• The National Battlefields Commission - Quebec city's Martello Towers