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Encyclopedia > Martin Bormann

Martin Bormann
Martin Bormann

Martin Bormann (June 17, 1900 - c. May 2, 1945) was a prominent German National Socialist (Nazi) official. He became head of the Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei) and private secretary to Adolf Hitler. He gained Hitler's trust and derived immense power within the Third Reich by controlling access to the Nazi dictator. Image File history File linksMetadata Martin_Bormann_Staatliche_Photographie. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Martin_Bormann_Staatliche_Photographie. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The (German: Nazional- socialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) [National Socialist German Workers Party]); generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... Party Chancellery was the name of the office that replaced that of Deputy Fuhrer of the NSDAP (Nazi Party), after Rudolf Hess made his flight to Britain in 1941. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

Contents

Early life and family

Bormann, born in Wegeleben (near Halberstadt) in the German Empire, was the son of post office employee Theodor Bormann (1862 - 1903) and his second wife, Antonie Bernhardine Mennong. He had two half-siblings (Else and Walter Bormann) from his father's first marriage to Louise Grobler who had died in 1898 aged 30 after nine years of marriage. Theodor Bormann remarried later that year to 35-year-old Antonie. She gave birth to three sons, one of whom died in infancy. Martin and Albert (born 1902) survived to adulthood. Liebfrauenkirche Halberstadt is a city in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I   Capital Berlin Language(s) German (official) Polish (Posen, Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871-1888 William I  - 1888 Frederick... Small-town post office and town hall in Lockhart, Alabama A post office is a facility (in most countries, a government one) where the public can purchase postage stamps for mailing correspondence or merchandise, and also drop off or pick up packages or other special-delivery items. ...


Bormann dropped out of school to work on a farm in Mecklenburg. After serving briefly with an artillery regiment at the end of World War I—which never saw combat—Bormann became an estate manager in Mecklenburg, which brought him into contact with the Freikorps residing on the estate. He became involved in their dubious activities, mostly assassinations and the intimidation of trade union organisers.[1] The coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg... The coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps, i. ...


In March 1924, he received a one-year sentence as an accomplice to his friend Rudolf Höss in the murder of Walther Kadow, who may have betrayed Albert Leo Schlageter to the French during the occupation of the Ruhr District.[2] 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... ... Walther Kadow was a school teacher murdered by Rudolf Höss in 1924 . ... Portuguese tall ship, a sister of the Gorch Fock. ...


On September 2, 1929, Bormann married 19-year-old Gerda Buch (born October 23, 1909), whose father Major Walter Buch served as a chairman of the Nazi Party Court. Bormann had recently met Hitler who agreed to serve as a witness at their wedding. During the following years, Gerda Bormann gave birth to 10 children; one daughter died shortly after birth. September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Walter Buch (born 24 October 1883 in Bruchsal; died 12 November 1949 in Ammersee) was a German jurist and war criminal. ...


The children of Martin and Gerda Bormann were:

Gerda Bormann was said to be calm and friendly and devoted her whole life to her husband and children. During her later years she suffered from cancer and finally died on March 23, 1946 of mercury poisoning in Meran, Austria. She was 36 years old. All of Bormann's children survived the war. Most were cared for anonymously in foster homes. His oldest son Martin was Hitler's godson. He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1953, but left the priesthood in the late 1960s. He married an ex-nun in 1971 and became a teacher of theology. M A Bormann, 1999 Martin Adolf Bormann (born 1930) is the eldest of ten children of Martin Bormann and the godson of Adolf Hitler. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Hitler redirects here. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rudolf Hess Not to be confused with Rudolf Hoess. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...   (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... M A Bormann, 1999 Martin Adolf Bormann (born 1930) is the eldest of ten children of Martin Bormann and the godson of Adolf Hitler. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...


Rise through the Nazi party

After his release, Bormann joined the NSDAP in Thuringia. Despite his coarse and brutal personality, he became the party's regional press officer and business manager in 1928. The (German: Nazional- socialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) [National Socialist German Workers Party]); generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... The Republic of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) lies in central Germany and is among the smaller of the countrys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), being eleventh in size with an area of 16,200 km² and twelfth most populous with 2. ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...


In October 1933, Bormann became a Reichsleiter of the NSDAP, and in November, a member of the Reichstag. From July 1933 until 1941, Bormann served as the personal secretary of Rudolf Hess. Bormann commissioned the building of the Kehlsteinhaus, and after 13 months of expensive construction, it was formally presented to Hitler in 1939. 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Reichsleiter was one of the highest political offices of the NSDAP in the time of the German national socialism. ... The Reichstag (German for Imperial Diet) was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... A secretary is an office/administrative support position. ... Rudolf Hess Not to be confused with Rudolf Hoess. ... The Kehlsteinhaus The Kehlsteinhaus is a chalet-style building, which used to be an extension of the Obersalzberg complex built by the Nazis in the German Alps near Berchtesgaden. ...


The flight of Rudolf Hess to Britain in May 1941 cleared the way for Bormann to become head of the Parteikanzlei (Party Chancellery) that month, and he proved to be a master of intricate political infighting. Bormann developed and administered the Adolf Hitler Endowment Fund of German Industry, a huge fund of voluntary contributions made by successful business entrepreneurs to the Führer. He re-allocated these funds as gifts to almost all of the party leadership. Politics is the process by which individuals or relatively small groups attempt to exert influence over the actions of an organization. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French) is a person who undertakes and operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ...

Bormann took charge of all Hitler's paperwork, appointments, and personal finances. Hitler came to have complete trust in Bormann and the view of reality he presented. During a meeting, the Führer was said to have screamed, "To win this war, I need Bormann!" Many historians have suggested Bormann held so much power that, in some respects, he became Germany's "secret leader" during the war. A collection of transcripts edited by Bormann during the war appeared in print in 1951 as Hitler's Table Talk 1941–1944, mostly a re-telling of Hitler's wartime dinner conversations. The accuracy of the Table Talk is highly disputed as it directly contradicts many of Hitler's publicly held positions, particularly in regards to religious adherence; and it is theorized that the opinions given in the Table Talk are not genuinely Hitler's, but Bormann's.[citation needed] It should be noted, though, that Bormann had a very pragmatic purpose in transcribing Hitler's private conversations, and used quotes from these transcripts in operative debates with other power players to prove that his position was identical to Hitler's. Therefore, it would have been risky for him to alter Hitler's statements. The Table Talk is the only original source to claim that Hitler was an atheist. Hitler's true religious feelings are unknown. Hitler was adept at manipulating the outer trappings of the Roman Catholic religion for maximum political effect. Bormann, however, was one of the few vocal atheists in the Nazi leadership.


Bormann's bureaucratic power and effective reach broadened considerably by 1942. Faced with the imminent demise of the Third Reich, he systematically went about the organising of German corporate flight capital, and set up off-shore holding companies and business interests in close coordination with the same Ruhr industrialists and German bankers who facilitated Hitler's explosive rise to power 10 years before.[3] (See Ratlines (history)) Ratlines were systems of escape routes for Nazis and other fascists fleeing Europe at the end of World War II. These escape routes mainly led toward safe havens in South America, particularly North America, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil and Chile. ...


At the Nuremberg trials, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, the Reich Commissioner for The Netherlands, testified that he had called Bormann to confirm an order to deport the Dutch Jews to Auschwitz, and further testified that Bormann passed along the Führer's orders for the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust. A telephone conversation between Bormann and Himmler was overheard by telephone operators during which Himmler reported to Bormann about the extermination of the Jews in Poland. Himmler was sharply rebuked for using the word "exterminated" rather than the codeword "resettled," and Bormann ordered the apologetic Himmler never again to report on this by phone but through SS couriers. Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... Arthur Seyss-Inquart Arthur Seyss-Inquart (born Arthur Zajtich, officially (German) Arthur Seyß-Inquart) (July 22, 1892 – October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi official in Austria and for wartime Germany in Poland and the Netherlands. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Auschwitz, Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau, KL Auschwitz, Nazi German Concentration Camp of Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi German extermination camps, along with a number of concentration camps, comprising three main camps and 40 to 50 sub-camps. ... (Fuehrer in English when umlauts are not used) is a proper noun meaning leader or guide in the German language. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ...


In his 2000 book, Hitler's Traitor: Martin Borman and the Defeat of the Reich, Louis Kilzer makes the case that Borman was the elusive Soviet spy, Werther.


Death, rumours, and remains

As World War II came to a close, Bormann held out with Hitler in the Führerbunker in Berlin. Hitler urged Bormann to save himself and after the dictator's suicide on the afternoon of April 30, Bormann left the Führerbunker on May 2, 1945 with SS doctor Ludwig Stumpfegger and Hitler Youth leader Artur Axmann as part of a group attempting to break out of the Soviet encirclement. They emerged from an underground subway tunnel and quickly became disoriented among the ruins and ongoing battle. They walked for a time with some German tanks, but all three were temporarily stunned by an exploding anti-tank shell. Leaving the tanks and the rest of their group, they walked along railroad tracks to Lehrter station where Axmann decided to go alone in the opposite direction of his two companions. When he encountered a Red Army patrol, Axmann doubled back and later insisted he had seen the bodies of Bormann and Stumpfegger near the railroad switching yard with moonlight clearly illuminating their faces—he assumed they had been shot in the back. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... This is a reconstruction of the layout of the Führerbunker. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... Suicide (from Latin sui caedere, to kill oneself) is the act of willfully ending ones own life. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... The infamous double-sig rune SS insignia. ... Ludwig Stumpfegger (July 11, 1910 - May 2, 1945) was an SS doctor in World War II and Adolf Hitlers personal physician from 1944. ... The Hitler Youth (German: Hitler-Jugend, abbreviated HJ) was a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party that existed from 1922 to 1945. ... 16. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution   - Declared... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ...


However, during the chaotic closing days of the war there were contradictory reports as to Bormann's whereabouts. For example, Jakob Glas, Bormann's long-time chauffeur, insisted he saw Bormann in Munich weeks after May 1, 1945. The bodies were not found, and a global search followed including extensive efforts in South America. With no proof of Bormann's death, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg tried Bormann in absentia in October 1946 and sentenced him to death. His court-appointed defence attorney used the unusual and unsuccessful defence that the court could not convict Bormann because he was already dead. In 1965, a retired postal worker named Albert Krumnow stated that he had personally buried the bodies of Bormann and Stumpfegger. Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München, pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1945 (MCMVL) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The Süddeutsche Zeitung announces The Verdict in Nuremberg. ... Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... An attorney is someone who represents someone else in the transaction of business: For attorney-at-law, see lawyer, solicitor, barrister or civil law notary. ...


Unconfirmed sightings of Bormann were reported globally for two decades, particularly in Europe, Paraguay, and elsewhere in South America. Some rumours claimed that Bormann had plastic surgery while on the run and that it had spoiled his face. At a 1967 press conference, Simon Wiesenthal asserted there was strong evidence that Bormann was alive and well in South America. Writer Ladislas Farago's widely-known 1974 book Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich argued that Bormann had survived the war and lived in Argentina. Farago's evidence, which drew heavily on official governmental documents, was compelling enough to persuade Dr. Robert M. W. Kempner (a lawyer at the Nuremberg Trials) to briefly reopen an active investigation in 1972, but Farago's claims were generally rejected by historians and critics. Allegations that Bormann and his organization survived the war figure prominently in the work of David Emory. World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. ... Simon Wiesenthal Simon Wiesenthal, KBE, (Buczacz, December 31, 1908 – Vienna, September 20, 2005) was an Austrian-Jewish architectural engineer who became a Nazi hunter after surviving the Holocaust. ... Ladislas Farago was a journalist who published a number of popular books on history and espionage, especially concerning the World War II era. ... David Emory is an American talk radio host and personality based in Ben Lomond, California. ...


Axmann and Krumnow's accounts were bolstered in late 1972 when construction workers uncovered human remains near the Lehrter Bahnhof in West Berlin just 12 meters from the spot where Krumnow claimed he had buried them. Dental records—reconstructed from memory in 1945 by Dr. Hugo Blaschke—identified the skeleton as Bormann's, and damage to the collarbone was consistent with injuries Bormann's sons reported he had sustained in a riding accident in 1939. Fragments of glass in the jawbones of both skeletons indicated that Bormann and Stumpfegger had committed suicide by biting cyanide capsules in order to avoid capture. Soon after, in a press conference held by the West German government, Bormann was declared dead, a statement condemned by London's Daily Express as a whitewash perpetrated by the Brandt government. West German diplomatic functionaries were given the official instruction: "If anyone is arrested on suspicion that he is Bormann we will be dealing with an innocent man."[3] In 1998, a test identified a skull as that of Bormann, using DNA from an unnamed 83-year-old relative.[4] Hugh Thomas' 1995 book Doppelgangers highlights forensic inconsistencies that suggest Bormann died much later than 1945. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Berlin Hauptbahnhof Berlin Ostbahnhof was named Berlin Hauptbahnhof from 1987 to 1998. ... Boroughs of West Berlin West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... A human skeleton - (endoskeleton) In biology, the skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing physical support in living organisms. ... The cyanide ion, CN−. From the top: 1. ... The Daily Express is a conservative, middle-market British tabloid newspaper. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. ...


According to Reinhard Gehlen's autobiography, The Service (1972), Bormann was a Soviet agent throughout World War II. Reinhard Gehlen (April 3, 1902 – June 8, 1979) was a Major General in the German Wehrmacht during World War II, with the position of chief of intelligence-gathering on the Eastern Front. ...


References in popular culture

  • Bormann's photo is shown in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and is identified as a man in South America who is the winner of the last golden ticket, a ticket that is later determined to be forgery.
  • In the Philip K. Dick science fiction novel The Man in the High Castle, Bormann is the current leader of Germany.
  • In Don Rosa's comics series The Pertwillaby Papers (first published in 1970s, published in book form 2003, by Gazette Bok, Oslo), Bormann was, after he disappeared, in charge of hiding the art treasures the Nazis had stolen from around the Europe; he is eventually found, frozen to death, on the North Pole.
  • In Torgny Lindgren's Hash (Pölsan) (2002), Bormann escapes to Sweden and attempts to integrate into the local environment of a small village. He engages school teacher Lars, with whom he sings wonderful duets, in the quest of finding the world's best hash.
  • In Takao Saito's manga series Golgo 13, the Israeli government hires Golgo 13 to rescue a Mossad agent and eliminate Neo-Nazis operating in Argentina and he comes face-to-face with Nazi war criminal Martin Bormann.
  • Blue Öyster Cult recorded a track called Boorman the chauffer, which appears on the re-release of the 1974 Secret Treaties Album.
  • Monty Python recorded a one-off show for German TV in 1972 called Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus, which included several sketches about the Olympic Games. One of these sketches includes a sprinter in a starting line-up who is described as "Bormann of Brazil." This sketch subsequently reappeared in the 1982 concert movie Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl.
  • Bormann, played by actor James Jeter, is shown as the bass player on the Sex Pistols' 1979 British hit The Biggest Blow (A Punk Prayer) in both the movie The Great Rock and Roll Swindle and on the single's picture sleeve. The single was recorded in Brazil with Ronnie Biggs on lead vocals, which presumably tied in with many post-war reports of Bormann's whereabouts in South America.
  • In 1987, Manchester group The Fall released a single (a cover of R. Dean Taylor's There's A Ghost in My House) with the song Haf Found Bormann as the B-side.

William Ernest Drummond[1] (Bill Drummond) (born April 29, 1953, Butterworth, South Africa)[2][3] is a Scottish musician, music industry figure, writer and artist. ... KLF redirects here. ... The KLF (also known as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (The JAMs), The Timelords and other names) were one of the seminal bands of the British acid house movement during the late 1980s and early 1990s. ... 3 a. ... Its Grim Up North was a 1991 single by The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (The JAMs), the main lyrics of which consist of a list of towns and cities in Northern England, set to a pounding industrial techno accompaniment reminiscent of steam train whistles, all of which segues... The KLF released three long form videos during their career - Waiting, The Rites of Mu, and The Stadium House Trilogy. ... Rebellion Developments is a British computer games company, based in Oxford, who are most famous for the first Aliens versus Predator game. ... Cover of Sniper Elite Sniper Elite is a 1st/3rd person shooter developed by UK based video game developer Rebellion Developments. ... Russ Meyer Russ Meyer (left) and Roger Ebert, (1970) Russell Albion Russ Meyer (March 21, 1922 – September 18, 2004) was an American motion picture director and photographer. ... Christy Hartburg as SuperLorna. ... Beneath the Valley of the Ultra-Vixens is a sexploitation film starring Uschi Digart and Kitten Natividad written and directed by breast fetishist Russ Meyer. ... Beyond the Valley of the Dolls is a 1970 drama film starring Dolly Read, Cynthia Myers, Marcia McBroom, John LaZar, and Michael Blodgett. ... Downfall (German: Der Untergang) is a German film depicting the final days of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945. ... Storm Warning, 1989 U.S. paperback edition Jack Higgins is the principal pseudonym of British novelist Harry Patterson (born July 27, 1929). ... Starlord was a shortlived weekly British Science-Fiction comic published by IPC and edited by Pat Mills. ... Hunter Stockton Thompson (July 18, 1937 – February 20, 2005) was an American journalist and author. ... The Rumble in The Jungle was a historic boxing event that took place on October 30, 1974, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, then known as Zaire. ... George Edward Foreman (b. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kinshasa (formerly Léopoldville) is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... (note: split from War children - work in progress) Martin Adolf Bormann,born 1930, son of Martin Bormann. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Axis History Forum.
  2. ^ Axis History Forum.
  3. ^ a b Manning, Paul. Martin Bormann – Nazi in Exile. AnimalFarm.
  4. ^ Bormann's body 'identified'. BBC News (May 4, 1998).

References

  • Farago, Ladislas (1974). Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich. Simon and Schuster. ISBN: 0671216767.
  • de Villemarest, Pierre (2005). Untouchable: Who Protected Bormann and Gestapo Muller After 1945.... Aquilion limited. ISBN: 1904997023.
  • Manning, Paul (1981). Martin Bormann, Nazi in Exile. Lyle Stuart. ISBN: 0818403098.
  • Kilzer, Louis (2000). Hitler's Traitor: Martin Bormann and the Defeat of the Reich. Presido Press. ISBN: 0891417109.
  • Stevenson, William (1975). The Bormann Brotherhood. Corgi. ISBN: 0552097349.
  • Carrier, Richard (November 2002). On the Trail of Bogus Quotes. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc..
  • Wiesenthal Center Information Page

External links