The Marwari language (also variously Marvari, Marwadi, Marvadi) is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan, but is also found in the neighboring state of Gujarat and in Eastern Pakistan. With some 13.2 million speakers (as of 1997, ca. 13 million in India and 200,000 in Pakistan) it is the largest of the Marwari subgroup of the "Rajasthani cluster" of Western dialects of Hindustani. , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area but encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) which has an edge that parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with... , Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA:  ) is a state in the Republic of India. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families A language family is a group of related languages said to have descended from a common proto-language. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ... The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Rajasthani languages are a group of related languages spoken in India and Pakistan . ... Writing systems of the world today. ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... Mahajani is an ancient Landa script that was used to record the Punjabi language. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of the sounds of human speech. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area but encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) which has an edge that parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with... , Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA:  ) is a state in the Republic of India. ... The Marwari languages are a subgroup of the Rajasthani language of Hindi dialects. ... // Introduction Rajasthani is one of the prominent members of Indo-Aryan languages family. ... The word Hindustani is an adjective used to denote a connection to India, or, more precisely, the historical region that encompasses Northern India, Pakistan, and nearby areas. ...

It is written with the Devanagari script, as is Hindi. Marwari currently has no official status as a language of education and government. There has been a push in the recent past for the national government to recognize this language and give it a scheduled status. The state of Rajasthan recognizes Rajasthani as a language. Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) Devanāgarī (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union alongwith English. ... // Introduction Rajasthani is one of the prominent members of Indo-Aryan languages family. ...

In Pakistan, there are two varieties of Marwari. They may or may not be close enough to Indian Marwari to be considered the same language.

The Marwari language was used in the recent Indian movie, Paheli, where it was mixed with Hindi so it is understandable to the main stream audience. Marwari is still spoken widely in and around Jodhpur. Closely related languages to Marwari in the Rajasthani cluster are: Shekhawati, Hadoti, Dundhari, Mewari, Brij, Bagri, Wagri, Mewati, and others. There are ongoing efforts to identify and classify this language cluster and the language differences. India is a major regional center for cinema. ... Paheli (Devanagari: पहेली, Nastaliq: پہیلی, English: Riddle) is a Bollywood movie, released in India on June 24, 2005, directed by Amol Palekar and produced by Gauri Khan, Sanjiv Chawla and Shahrukh Khan, who also plays the male lead. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union alongwith English. ... Jodhpur   (जोधपुर), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... Shekhawati (शेखावाटी) is a semi-arid region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. ... Hadoti, also known as Hadauti, Hadaoli, or Hadavati, is a region of Rajasthan state in western India. ... Mewari is one of the major dialects of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Brij or Braj or Brajbhoomi is a region in Uttar Pradesh of India. ... Bagri is a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family. ... The Wagri, Wagiri, or Wagrians were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting eastern Holstein (northern Germany), that is, Wagria, in the 9th through 12th centuries. ... Mewati, a dialect of Rajasthani language of Indo-Aryan family, is spoken by about five million speakers in Alwar, Bharatpur and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan, and Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of Haryana states of India. ...

History

Marwari as a written language has a 1500 year history.

Classification and related languages

Geographical distribution

Dark green indicates Marwari speaking home area in Rajasthan, light green indicates additional dialect areas where speakers identify their language as Marwari.

Marwari is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Marwari speakers have dispersed widely through out India and other countries but are found most notably in the neighboring state of Gujarat and in Eastern Pakistan. With some 13.2 million speakers (as of 1997, ca. 13 million in India and 200,000 in Pakistan) it is the largest of the Marwari subgroup of the "Rajasthani cluster" of western dialects of Hindi. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area but encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert) which has an edge that parallels the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with... , Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA:  ) is a state in the Republic of India. ... The Marwari languages are a subgroup of the Rajasthani language of Hindi dialects. ... // Introduction Rajasthani is one of the prominent members of Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union alongwith English. ...

Phonology

It shares a 50%-65% lexical similarity with Hindi (this is based on a Swadesh 210 word list comparison). Marwari has many cognate words with Hindi. Notable phonetic correspondences include /s/ in Hindi with /h/ in Marwari. For example /sona/ 'gold' (Hindi) and /hono/ 'gold' (Marwari). /h/ sometimes elides. There are also a variety of vowel changes. Most of the pronouns and interrogatives are, however, distinct from those of Hindi. A Swadesh list is one of several prescribed lists of basic meanings and vocabulary developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940-50s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating). ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In music, see elision (music). ... In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word that usually takes the place of a noun or noun phrase that was previously mentioned (such as she, it) or that refers to something or someone (I, me, you). Pronouns are often one of the basic parts of speech of the... A question is any of several kinds of linguistic expressions normally used by a questioner to request the presentation of information back to the questioner, in the form of an answer, by the audience. ...

Grammar

Marwari has a very similar grammar to that of Hindi. Its primary sentence structure is SOV (Subject, Object, Verb). For the surname, see Grammer. ... In linguistic typology, Subject Object Verb (SOV) is the type of languages in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence appear (usually) in that order. ...

Vocabulary

Writing system

Marwari had two scripts before the present devanagri script. The script presently is a modified form of the one used for Hindi with the most notable difference being the addition of a retroflex lateral "ळ". This character is found in Sanskrit but not in Hindi. Some publications in Marwari also use some other characters in substitution for accepted letters. The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union alongwith English. ...

References

• Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/.
• Lakhan Gusain (2004). Marwari. Munich: Lincom Europa (LW/M 427)

See also

• Marwaris
• Marwar
• Shekhawati
• Languages of India
• List of national languages of India
• List of Indian languages by total speakers
• Rajasthani language

Marwari Site :TheMarwari. ... Marwar (मारवाड़) is a region of southwestern Rajasthan state in western India. ... Shekhawati (शेखावाटी) is a semi-arid region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. ... Map of South Asia in native languages. ... India has a diverse list of spoken languages among different groups of people. ... Indian languages spoken by more than ten million people are given below. ... // Introduction Rajasthani is one of the prominent members of Indo-Aryan languages family. ...

External links

• Ethnologue Language Family Trees
• Basic phrases in Marwari language
• Ethnologue report for Marwari
• Ethnologue report for Shekhawati
• Online Rajasthani-English Dictionary