Mary of Modena (October 5, 1658 – May 7, 1718) was the queen consort of King James II of England. October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who has plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross from Sweden to Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by Thomas Browne September... May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... Events May 15 - James Puckle, a London lawyer, patents the worlds first machine gun. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ... James VII and II (14 October 1633–16 September 1701) became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 6 February 1685. ...

Daughter of Alfonso d'Este III, Duke of Modena, she was born in Modena and christened Maria Beatrice Eleanor Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este. She had a strict Catholic upbringing, and thought briefly of becoming an abbess in an order of nuns founded by her mother. She was the candidate favored by Louis XIV to provide a suitably Catholic bride for James, Duke of York and heir presumptive to the throne of England, who had converted to Catholicism. The marriage was celebrated by proxy on September 30, 1673. The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859. ... Location within Italy Modena is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... For Tolkiens fictional character, see Estë Este, Italian princely family, rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), Modena and Reggio (1288–1796). ... An Abbess (Latin abbatissa, fem. ... In general, a nun is a female ascetic who chooses to voluntarily leave the world and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent. ... (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1,rance]] and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... The title Duke of York is a title of nobility usually given to the second son of the British monarch, unless the title is already held by an earlier monarchs son who is still alive. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... Events The English Test Act was passed. ...

The marriage had urgent dynastic and political aspects. James had two Protestant daughters, later Mary and Anne, from his first marriage to Anne Hyde. A son would be king one day, a Catholic king. Though Mary was beautiful and charming — Charles II quickly came round to her — the people of England detested her for her Catholicism. Scurvy wits lampooned her in broadsheets under the name "Madame East." Rumors spread that she was an agent of the pope (Clement X who had pressed her case as a suitable bride). During the so-called "Popish Plot" (1678), to which her secretary Coleman was a victim, she and James discreetly went abroad. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689 until her death, and as Queen of Scotland from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Anne (6 February 1665–1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... Lady Anne Hyde (March 1637 – March 31, 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England), and the mother of two British queens, Mary II and Anne. ... Broadsheet is a size and format for newspapers, and a descriptive term applied to papers which use that format rather than the smaller tabloid format. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... Clement X, né Emilio Altieri (Rome, July 13, 1590 - Rome, July 22, 1676) was Pope from 29 April 1670-22 July 1676. ... The Popish Plot was an alleged Catholic conspiracy. ... Events August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. ...

The dynastic considerations demanded a son. Their first child was stillborn (1674), and numerous others died in infancy. However, following James's accession to the throne in 1685, the question of whether Mary would ever bear a son became more significant, because such a child would be brought up in the Catholic faith and would be heir to the throne. The expected result of pregnancy is the birth of a living child. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ...

In 1688, Mary finally gave birth to a living son, James. The event caused much speculation. It was suggested that the child had been born dead and a changeling smuggled into the room in a warming-pan in order to conceal the death. For political reasons, a royal birth was a very public event, however: many people would have had to be privy to this unlikely conspiracy. Nevertheless the rumors were disquieting enough the James called two extraordinary sessions of his Privy Council to hear testimony proving that the Prince of Wales was his son by the Queen. Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) who is more commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... This proposed logo for a U.S. government agency was dropped due to fears that its Masonic symbolism would provoke conspiracy theories. ... The eldest son of the reigning monarch ofEngland/Great Britain is traditionally invested with the title of Prince of Wales. ...

Mary's influence with James, whose attention was diverted by a series of mistresses, favored the Jesuits and absolutism on the French model. The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... The term absolutism can mean: A belief in absolute truth moral absolutism, the belief that there is some absolute standard of right and wrong political absolutism, a political system where one person holds absolute power, also called apolytarchy from Gr. ...

Within a few months of the heir's birth, the coup of Whig aristocrats called the Glorious Revolution erupted. Mary made a disastrous mistake, consenting to escape to France (December 10, 1688) with her son. and James's elder daughter, Mary, with her husband, William of Orange, had been invited by the Whig magnates to take the throne. This article is about the British Whig party. ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ... The term Glorious Revolution refers to the generally popular overthrow of James II of England in 1688. ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... William III King of England, Scotland and Ireland William III and II (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William Henry and William of Orange) was Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scotland from 11 April...

In exile, as guests and dependents of Louis XIV at the Chateau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mary of Modena gave birth to one more child, Princess Louisa Maria, June 28, 1692. (She lived to the age of nineteen). (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1,rance]] and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ...

Unwise to the end, when James died on September 6, 1701, she succeeded in inducing Louis to recognize her son as king of England, an act that precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession. She supported Jacobite exiles to the best of her ability. September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ...

Mary of Modena died in Paris of cancer. Her tomb, in the abbey of Chaillot, was destroyed during the French Revolution. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The period of the French Revolution is very important in the history of France and the world. ...