State of Maryland
Flag of Maryland Seal Nickname(s): Old Line State; Free State Motto(s): Fatti maschii, parole femine (Manly deeds, womanly words)
Official language(s)	None (English, de facto)
Capital	Annapolis
Largest city	Baltimore
Largest metro area	Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area
Area	Ranked 42nd
- Total	12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)
- Width	101 miles (145 km)
- Length	249 miles (400 km)
- % water	21
- Latitude	37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N
- Longitude	75° 03′ W to 79° 29′ W
Population	Ranked 19th
- Total (2000)	5,600,388
- Density	541.9/sq mi  209.2/km² (5th)
- Median income	$56,763 (3rd)
Elevation
- Highest point	Hoye Crest[1] 3,360 ft  (1,024 m)
- Mean	344 ft  (105 m)
- Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean[1] 0 ft  (0 m)
Admission to Union	April 28, 1788 (7th)
Governor	Martin O'Malley (D)
U.S. Senators	Barbara Mikulski (D) Ben Cardin (D)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Abbreviations	MD US-MD
Web site	www.maryland.gov

Maryland (IPA: /ˈmɛrələnd/) is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America. It is comparable in size to the European country of Belgium. According to the most recent information provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, as of August 2007, Maryland is now the wealthiest state in the United States, with a median household income of $65,144, ahead of New Jersey which had previously held that title.^[2] Image File history File links Flag_of_Maryland. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Flag of Maryland The flag of Maryland consists of the heraldic banners of the family of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. ... Great Seal of Maryland, reverse Obverse side of the Great Seal of Maryland The Great Seal of Maryland is the official government emblem of the State of Maryland in the United States. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... Fatti maschii, parole femine, Marylands state motto, appears on the Great Seal of Maryland. ... Image File history File links Map_of_USA_MD.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Maryland ... // Although the United States currently has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... “Annapolis” redirects here. ... Baltimore redirects here. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... It has been suggested that National Capital Region (United States) be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... Map of states populations (2006) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2006, according to the 2005 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... For information on the income of individuals, see Personal income in the United States. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Backbone Mountain is a mountain range in the central United States. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Martin Joseph OMalley (born January 18, 1963) is a Democratic politician and the 61st and current Governor of Maryland. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Barbara Ann Mikulski (born July 20, 1936), a member of the Democratic Party, is the current Class 3 United States Senator representing the State of Maryland. ... Benjamin Louis Ben Cardin (born October 5, 1943) is a Democratic member of the United States Senate representing the state of Maryland. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from Maryland to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... Maryland is the name of various places including: Maryland, the U.S. state also Province of Maryland Maryland, London an area of Newham, London, England. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... It has been suggested that Middle Atlantic States be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...

It was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution and bears two nicknames, the Old Line State and the Free State. Its history as a border state has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and Southern regions of the United States. As a general rule, the rural areas of Maryland, such as Western, Southern, and Eastern Maryland, are more Southern in culture, while densely-populated Central Maryland — areas in the Baltimore and the Washington Beltway Regions — exhibit more Northern characteristics. Wikisource has original text related to this article: The United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... In this map:  Union states  Union territories  Kansas, which entered the Union as a free state after the Bleeding Kansas crisis  Union border states that permitted slavery  The Confederacy  Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories The term border states refers to the five slave states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Historic Southern United States. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City, Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: Get In On It (formerly The City That Reads and The Greatest City in America; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government Country State County United... The Capital Beltway (in green) Interstate 495—widely known as the Capital Beltway or simply as the Beltway—is a freeway-class interstate highway which circles the Washington, DC area. ...

Maryland is a life sciences hub with over 350 biotechnology firms, making it the third-largest such cluster in the nation.^[3] Institutions and agencies located throughout Maryland include University System of Maryland, Johns Hopkins University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology is the science of life (from the Greek words bios = life and logos = word). ... University System of Maryland The University System of Maryland (USM) is a public corporation and charter school system comprising 13 Maryland institutions of higher education. ... The Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, is a private institution of higher learning located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. ... The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is a United States non-profit medical research institute based in Chevy Chase, Maryland and originally founded by the aviator and engineer Howard Hughes in 1953. ... “FDA” redirects here. ... National Institutes of Health Building 50 at NIH Clinical Center - Building 10 The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical research. ...

Geography

Physical geography

See also: List of islands in Maryland and List of rivers in Maryland

Maryland possesses a great variety of topography, hence its nickname, "America in Miniature."^[4] It ranges from sandy dunes dotted with seagrass in the east, to low marshlands teeming with water snakes and large bald cypress near the bay, to gently rolling hills of oak forest in the Piedmont Region, and mountain pine groves in the west. This is a list of islands in Maryland, sorted by county: Maryland State Archives Categories: | | ... List of rivers in Maryland (U.S. state). ... For discussion of land surfaces themselves, see Terrain. ... This article is about the sand formations, for other meanings see Dune (disambiguation) Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ... Species Taxodium ascendens - Pond Cypress Taxodium distichum - Bald Cypress Taxodium mucronatum - Montezuma Cypress Taxodium is a genus of one to three species (depending on taxonomic opinion) of extremely flood-tolerant conifers in the cypress family, Cupressaceae, one of several genera in the family commonly known as cypresses. ... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus (from Latin oak tree), and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ... The James River winds its way among piedmont hills in central Virginia. ... For other uses, see Pine (disambiguation). ...

Tidal wetlands of the Chesapeake Bay, largest freshwater estuary in the world and the largest physical feature in Maryland.

Maryland is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the west by West Virginia, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south, across the Potomac River, by West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted on the Maryland side by Washington, DC, which sits on land originally part of Maryland. The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Most of the state's waterways are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, with the exception of a portion of Garrett County drained by the Youghiogheny River, as part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, the eastern half of Worcester County, which drains into Maryland's Atlantic Coastal Bays, and a small portion of the state's northeast corner which drains into the Delaware River watershed. So prominent is the Chesapeake in Maryland's geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the state's official nickname to the "Bay State," a name currently used by Massachusetts. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1126 KB) Summary Tidal wetlands of w:Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. Photo credit and copyright: Jennifer Schmidt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1126 KB) Summary Tidal wetlands of w:Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. Photo credit and copyright: Jennifer Schmidt. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Largest metro area Delaware Valley Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States (USA). ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... The Eastern Shore of Maryland is composed of the states nine counties east of the Chesapeake Bay. ... Garrett County is the westernmost county of the U.S. state of Maryland. ... Map of the Monongahela River basin, with the Youghiogheny River highlighted. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas) The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

The highest point in Maryland is Hoye Crest on Backbone Mountain, which is in the southwest corner of Garrett County, near the border with West Virginia and near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. Maryland's only ski area, Wisp, is located close to Backbone Mountain. In western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state, is a point at which the state is only about 1 mile (2 km) wide. This geographical curiosity, which makes Maryland the narrowest state, is located near the small town of Hancock, and results from Maryland's northern and southern boundaries being marked by the Mason-Dixon Line and the north-arching Potomac River, respectively. Backbone Mountain is a mountain range in the central United States. ... Garrett County is the westernmost county of the U.S. state of Maryland. ... The Wisp Resort at Deep Creek Lake is a ski & golf resort thats located in McHenry, MD. // slopeside Hotel that offers ski-in/ski-out (mountain front) WiFi access fitness center heated indoor pool and Jacuzzi remodeled in 2003 total of 169 rooms (67 guest rooms; 102 two-room... Hancock is a town located in Washington County, Maryland. ... For the fictional character, see Mason Dixon (Rocky Balboa character). ...

Portions of Maryland are included in a number of official and unofficial geographic regions. For example, the Delmarva Peninsula comprises the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Much of the Baltimore-Washington corridor lies in the rolling hills of the Appalachian Piedmont. Delmarva Peninsula map The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States, occupied by portions of three U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. ... The Eastern Shore of Virginia is on the Atlantic Coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia. ... It has been suggested that Poverty in Appalachia be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ...

A quirk of Maryland's geography is that the state contains no natural lakes.^[5] During the last Ice Age, glaciers did not reach as far south as Maryland, and therefore did not carve out deep natural lakes as exist in northern states. There are numerous man-made lakes, the largest being Deep Creek Lake, a reservoir in Garrett County. The lack of glacial history also accounts for Maryland's soil, which is more sandy and muddy than the rocky soils of New England Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Deep Creek Lake is a popular vacation area in Garrett County, Maryland, USA. It surrounds a man-made lake that was created in 1923 by an electric company. ... Garrett County is the westernmost county of the state of Maryland. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...

Human geography

Maryland counties

See also: List of counties in Maryland, List of incorporated places in Maryland, and List of census-designated places in Maryland

The majority of Maryland's population is concentrated in the cities and suburbs surrounding Washington, DC and Maryland's most populous city, Baltimore. Historically, these cities and many others in Maryland developed along the fall line, the point at which rivers are no longer navigable from sea level due to the presence of rapids or waterfalls. Maryland's capital, Annapolis, is one exception to this rule, lying along the Severn River close to where it empties into the Chesapeake Bay. Other major population centers include suburban hubs Columbia in Howard County, Silver Spring, Rockville and Gaithersburg in Montgomery County, Frederick in Frederick County and Hagerstown in Washington County. The eastern, southern, and western portions of the state tend to be more rural, although they are dotted with cities of regional importance such as Salisbury and Ocean City on the eastern shore, Waldorf and La Plata in southern Maryland, and Cumberland in Western Maryland. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (814x436, 43 KB)Map of Maryland Counties File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (814x436, 43 KB)Map of Maryland Counties File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Map of Marylands counties This is a list of the twenty-three counties and county-equivalents in the U.S. state of Maryland. ... The following is the list of incorporated places in Maryland. ... This page lists unincorporated census-designated places in the state of Maryland in alphabetical order: Aberdeen Proving Ground Accokeek Adelphi Algonquin Andrews Air Force Base Arbutus Arden-on-the-Severn Arnold Ashton-Sandy Spring Aspen Hill Ballenger Creek Bel Air North Bel Air South Beltsville Bennsville Bethesda Bowleys Quarters Braddock... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Baltimore redirects here. ... “Annapolis” redirects here. ... The Severn River runs through Anne Arundel County in the American state of Maryland. ... Howard County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Maryland, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C.. It is considered part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. ... Not to be confused with Silver Springs. ... Location in the State of Maryland Coordinates: , Country State County Montgomery Founded 1717 Incorporated 1860 Government  - Mayor Larry Giammo Area  - Total 13. ... Location in the State of Maryland Coordinates: , Country United States State Maryland County Montgomery Founded 1802 Incorporated April 5, 1878 Government  - Mayor Sidney A. Katz Area  - City  10. ... Montgomery County of the U.S. state of Maryland is situated just north of Washington, D.C. and Southwest of Baltimore. ... Location in Maryland Coordinates: , Country United States State Maryland County Frederick Founded 1745 Government  - Mayor William J. Holtzinger (R)  - Board of Alderman Marcia Hall (D) Alan E. Imhoff (R) David P. Koontz (D) Donna K. Ramsburg (D) C. Paul Smith (R) Area  - City  20. ... Frederick County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Maryland, bordering the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia. ... Nickname: Motto: A Great Place to Live Work and Visit Location in Maryland Coordinates: , County Washington Incorporated 1813 Government  - Mayor Robert Bob E. Bruchey II Area  - City 27. ... Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. ... Nickname: Location in Maryland Coordinates: , County Founded 1732 Incorporated 1854 Government  - Mayor Barrie Parsons Tilghman Area  - City 29. ... Nickname: Location in Maryland Coordinates: , County Founded 1875 Incorporated 1880 Government  - Mayor Rick Meehan Area  - City 94. ... The Eastern Shore of Maryland is composed of the states nine counties east of the Chesapeake Bay. ... Waldorf is an unincorporated community in Charles County, Maryland. ... La Plata is a town in Charles County, Maryland, United States. ... Portal:Cumberland, Maryland Top * Places * Culture * Media * Companies * Education * History * People * Religion * Sports * Trans* Tourism For other places with the same name, see Cumberland (disambiguation). ... Western Maryland is the portion of U.S. state of Maryland that consists of Frederick, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties. ...

Climate

Maryland has wide array of climates for a state of its size. It depends on numerous variables, such as proximity to water, elevation, and protection from northern weather due to downslope winds.

The eastern half of Maryland lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with very flat topography and very sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot, humid summers and a short, mild to cool winter. This region includes the cities of Salisbury, Annapolis, Ocean City, and southern and eastern greater Baltimore. The Atlantic Coastal Plain is the rather flat stretch of land that borders the Atlantic Ocean (including the Gulf of Mexico). ... The humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly to mild winters. ... Salisbury is a city located in Wicomico County, Maryland. ... City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 19. ... Ocean City is an Atlantic Ocean barrier island town located in Worcester County, Maryland. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City, Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: Get In On It (formerly The City That Reads and The Greatest City in America; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government Country State County United...

Sunset over a marsh at Cardinal Cove, on the Patuxent River.

Beyond this region lies the Piedmont which lies in the transition between the humid subtropical climate zone and the humid continental climate zone (Köppen Dfa), with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters where significant snowfall and significant subfreezing temperatures are an annual occurrence. This region includes Frederick, Hagerstown, Westminster, Gaithersburg and northern and western greater Baltimore. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 518 pixelsFull resolution (1840 × 1192 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 518 pixelsFull resolution (1840 × 1192 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. ... The James River winds its way among piedmont hills in central Virginia. ... The humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly to mild winters. ... The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ... Frederick, Maryland is a city in Frederick County, Maryland, of which it is the county seat. ... Hagerstown is a city located in Washington County, Maryland. ... Motto: Nickname: Map Political Statistics Founded 1764 Incorporated 1818 Carroll County Mayor Thomas K. Ferguson Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 14. ... Gaithersburg is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City, Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: Get In On It (formerly The City That Reads and The Greatest City in America; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government Country State County United...

Extreme western Maryland, in the higher elevations of Allegany County and Garrett County lie completely in the Humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) due to elevation (more typical of inland New England and the Midwestern U.S.) with milder summers and cold, snowy winters. Some parts of extreme western Maryland possess the cool summer Humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with summer average temperatures below 71°F.^{[6][citation needed]} Allegany County is a county in the western portion of the U.S. state of Maryland. ... Garrett County is the westernmost county of the state of Maryland. ... The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...

Precipitation in the state is very generous, as it is on most of the East Coast. Annual rainfall ranges from 40-45 inches (1000-1150 mm) in virtually every part of the state, falling very evenly. Nearly every part of Maryland receives 3.5-4.5 inches (95-110 mm) per month of precipitation. Snowfall varies from 9 inches (23 cm) in the coastal areas to over 100 inches (250 cm) a winter in the western mountains of the state.^[7]

Because of its location near the Atlantic Coast, Maryland is somewhat vulnerable to tropical cyclones, although the Delmarva Peninsula, and the outer banks of North Carolina to the south provide a large buffer, such that a strike from a major hurricane (category 3 or above) is not very likely. More often, Maryland might get the remnants of a tropical system which has already come ashore which dumps a huge amount of rain. Maryland averages around 30-40 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around 6 tornado strikes annually.^[8] The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ... This article is about weather phenomena. ... Delmarva Peninsula map The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States, occupied by portions of three U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (240 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (901 km)  - % water 9. ...

Flora and fauna

The 2003 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the state of Maryland

As is typical of states on the East Coast, Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. A good dose of annual precipitation helps to support many types of plants, including seagrass and various reeds at the smaller end of the spectrum to the gigantic Wye Oak, a huge example of White oak, the state tree, which can grow in excess of 70 feet (20 m) tall. Maryland also possesses an abundance of pines and maples among its endemic tree life. Many foreign species are cultivated in the state, some as ornamentals, others as novelty species. Included among these are the Crape Myrtle, Italian Cypress, live oak in the warmer parts of the state, and even hardy palm trees in the warmer central and eastern parts of the state. USDA plant hardiness zones in the state range from Zone 5 in the extreme western part of the state to 6 and 7 in the central part, and Zone 8 around the southern part of the coast, the bay area, and most of metropolitan Baltimore. Large areas of Maryland have problems with kudzu, an invasive plant species that chokes out growth of endemic plant life.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Mdusdamap. ... Image File history File links Mdusdamap. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Seagrass from the coast of Florida Sea grass (or sea-grass in British English) are flowering plants from four plant families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Cymodoceaceae) that grow in the marine saline environment. ... Binomial name Phragmites australis (Cav. ... The Wye Oak was the honorary state tree of Maryland, and the largest white oak tree in the United States. ... Binomial name Quercus alba L. The White oak (Quercus alba) is one of the most magnificent of oaks. ... For other uses, see Maple (disambiguation). ... Species About 50, including: Lagerstroemia indica Lagerstroemia speciosa The Crape-myrtles Lagerstroemia are a genus of about 50 species of deciduous and evergreen trees or large shrubs native to east Asia and Australia. ... Binomial name Cupressus sempervirens L. The Mediterranean Cypress Cupressus sempervirens is a species of cypress native to the eastern Mediterranean region, in northeast Libya, southeast Greece (Crete, Rhodes), southern Turkey, Cyprus, western Syria, Lebanon and western Jordan, and also a disjunct population in Iran. ... Southern live oaks on Skidaway Island, near Savannah, Georgia Live oak is a general term for a number of unrelated oaks in several different sections of the genus Quercus that happen to share the character of evergreen foliage. ... Dwarf Palmetto Sabal minor in snow, Congaree National Park, South Carolina. ... Temperature scale of hardiness zones, showing the average annual minimum temperature boundaries for the zones A hardiness zone is a geographically-defined zone in which a specific category of plant life is capable of growing, as defined by temperature hardiness, or ability to withstand the minimum temperatures of the zone. ... The Baltimore Metropolitan Area, also known as Baltimore-Towson, is a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) encompassing northeastern Maryland and a small section of southern Pennsylvania. ... For other uses, see Kudzu (disambiguation). ...

The state harbors a great number of deer, particularly in the woody and mountainous west of the state, and overpopulation can become a problem from year-to-year. The Chesapeake Bay provides the state with its huge cash crop of blue crabs, and the southern and eastern portion of Maryland is warm enough to support a tobacco cash crop. This article is about the ruminant animal. ... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... Binomial name Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is a crustacean found in the waters off the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... In agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for money. ...

Lawns in Maryland carry a variety of species, mostly due to its location in the Transition Zone for lawngrasses. The western part of the state is cold enough to support Kentucky Bluegrass, and Fine Fescues, which are widespread from the foothills west. The area around the Chesapeake Bay is usually turfed with transition species such as Zoysia, Tall fescue, and Bermudagrass. St. Augustine grass can be grown in the parts of the state that are in Zone 8. A lawn is an area of recreational or amenity land planted with grass, and sometimes clover and other plants, which are maintained at a low, even height. ... Kentucky bluegrass is a hardy grass imported from Europe and flourishing in Americas southeast. ... The Chesapeake Bay - Landsat photo The Chesapeake Bay where the Susquehanna River empties into it. ... Species There are 5 species: Zoysia emerald - Emerald Zoysia Zoysia japonica Korean Zoysia Zoysia matrella Manila Grass Zoysia tenuifolia Mascarene Grass Zoysia is a genus of creeping grass native to Southeast Asia, China and Japan. ... Species See text Cynodon (Greek Dog-tooth) is a genus of nine species of grasses, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World. ... Binomial name (Walt. ...

History

Main article: History of Maryland

See also: Annapolis Convention

Cecil Calvert, 1st Proprietor of the Maryland colony.

In 1629, George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore in the Irish House of Lords, fresh from his failure further north with Newfoundland's Avalon colony, applied to Charles I for a new royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. Calvert's interest in creating a colony derived from his Catholicism and his desire for the creation of a haven for Catholics in the new world. In addition, he was familiar with the fortunes that had been made in tobacco in Virginia, and hoped to recoup some of the financial losses he had sustained in his earlier colonial venture in Newfoundland. George Calvert died in April 1632, but a charter for "Maryland Colony" (in Latin, "Terra Maria") was granted to his son, Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. The new colony was named in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort of Charles I.^[9] The Great Seal of Maryland. ... The Annapolis Convention was an Assembly of the Counties of Maryland that functioned as the colonys revolutionary government from 1774 to 1776. ... Cecil Calvert, from MD State Archives Online http://www. ... Cecil Calvert, from MD State Archives Online http://www. ... George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1580-1632) was an English politician and coloniser. ... The former House of Lords chamber in the Irish Parliament Building, today in use as a function room by the Bank of Ireland. ... Newfoundland —   IPA: [nuw fÉ™n lænd] (French: , Irish: ) is a large island off the east coast of North America, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... A map of the Province of Maryland. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      As a... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an English coloniser who was the first proprietor of the Maryland colony. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... Queen Henrietta Maria (November 25, 1609 – September 10, 1669) was Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (June 13, 1625 - January 30, 1649) through her marriage to Charles I. The U.S. state of Maryland (in Latin, Terra Mariae) was so named in her honour by Cæcilius Calvert, son...

To try to gain settlers, Maryland used what is known as the headright system, which originated in Jamestown. The headright system was used in Jamestown , established in 1618, as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers. ...

On March 25, 1634, Lord Baltimore sent the first settlers into this area. Although most of the settlers were Protestants, Maryland soon became one of the few regions in the British Empire where Catholics held the highest positions of political authority. Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of British convicts. The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 was one of the first laws that explicitly dictated religious tolerance, although toleration was limited to Trinitarian Christians. is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion was passed in 1649 by the colonial assembly of the Province of Maryland mandating religious toleration. ... Freedom of religion is the individuals right or freedom to hold whatever religious beliefs he or she wishes, or none at all. ...

The royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. This proved a problem, because the northern boundary would put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, partially within Maryland, resulting in conflict between the Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania. This led to the Cresap's War (also known as the Conojocular War), a border conflict between Pennsylvania and Maryland, fought in the 1730s. Hostilities erupted in 1730 with a series of violent incidents prompted by disputes over property rights and law enforcement, and escalated through the first half of the decade, culminating in the deployment of military forces by Maryland in 1736 and by Pennsylvania in 1737. The armed phase of the conflict ended in May 1738 with the intervention of King George II, who compelled the negotiation of a cease-fire. A final settlement was not achieved until 1767, when the Mason-Dixon Line was recognized as the permanent boundary between the two colonies. The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States (USA). ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Largest metro area Delaware Valley Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Baron Baltimore is a defunct title in the Peerage of Ireland. ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... Cresaps War was a border conflict between Pennsylvania and Maryland, fought in the 1730s. ... For the fictional character, see Mason Dixon (Rocky Balboa character). ...

After Virginia made the practice of Anglicanism mandatory, a large number of Puritans migrated from Virginia to Maryland, and were given land for a settlement called Providence (now Annapolis). In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government and set up a new government that outlawed both Catholicism and Anglicanism. In March 1654, the 2nd Lord Baltimore sent an army under the command of Governor William Stone to put down the revolt. His Roman Catholic army was decisively defeated by a Puritan army near Annapolis in what was to be known as the "Battle of the Severn".^[10][11] This article is about the U.S. state. ... This box:      Anglicanism most commonly refers to the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Communion, a world-wide affiliation of Christian Churches, most of which have historical connections with the Church of England. ... “Annapolis” redirects here. ... Year 1650 (MDCL) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an English coloniser who was the first proprietor of the Maryland colony. ... William Stone (Veteran). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For the record label, see Puritan Records. ...

The Puritan revolt lasted until 1658. In that year the Calvert family regained control of the state and re-enacted the Toleration Act. However, after England's "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, when William of Orange and his wife Mary came to the throne and firmly established the Protestant faith in England, Catholicism was again outlawed in Maryland, until after the American Revolutionary War. Many wealthy plantation owners built chapels on their land so they could practice their Catholicism in relative secrecy. During the persecution of Maryland Catholics by the Puritan revolutionary government, all of the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland were burned down. Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange), who as a result ascended the English throne as William... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... William III of England, II of Scotland and III of Orange (The Hague, 14 November 1650 – Kensington Palace, 8 March 1702) was a Dutch aristocrat, the Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28 June 1672, King of England and King... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ... For the record label, see Puritan Records. ...

St. Mary's City was the largest site of the original Maryland colony, and was the seat of the colonial government until 1708. St Mary's is now an archaeological site, with a small tourist center. In 1708, the seat of government was moved to Providence, which had been renamed Annapolis. The city was renamed in honor of Queen Anne in 1694. St. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 19. ... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ...

An artist's rendering of the bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore, which inspired the composition of the Star Spangled Banner.

Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. On February 2, 1781, Maryland became the 13th state to approve the ratification of the Articles of Confederation w