Master Musicians of Joujouka
Background information
Origin	Jajouka, Joujouka, Morocco
Genre(s)	Folk Music,World, Sufi music of Morocco
Years active	? – present
Label(s)	Rolling Stones Records, Adelphi, Sub Rosa
Associated acts	William S. Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Mohamed Hamri, Brian Jones, Timothy Leary, Marianne Faithfull, Ornette Coleman, Rolling Stones, Scanner, Anita Pallenberg, Smashing Pumpkins
Website	Master Musicians of Joujouka official site
Members
Ahmed El Attar, Mohamed El Attar, Mustapha El Attar, Samir El Attar, Abdeslam Boukhzar, Ahmed El Bouhsini. Abdeslam Errtoubi, Radi El Khalil, Mohamed Mokhchan, Muinir Mujdoubi, Abdullah Ziyat

The "Master Musicians of Joujouka" are the Sufi trance musicians most famous for their connections with the Beat Generation and the Rolling Stones founder Brian Jones. These original musicians hail from the village of Joujouka, Jajouka, or officially Zahjouka near Ksar-el-Kebir in the Ahl Srif mountain range of the southern Rif Mountains in northern Morocco. Image File history File linksMetadata Keeping_traditions_alive. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... Cover of Hamris Tales of JoujoukaCapra Press 1975 showing Boujeloud/Pan in Joujouka Joujouka (or Jajouka) is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern Rif. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... World music is, most generally, all the music in the world. ... Gnawa musicians in Morocco Morocco is a North African country inhabited mostly by Arabs along with Berbers and other minorities. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Rolling Stones Records is the record label formed by The Rolling Stones in 1970, after their recording contract with Decca Records expired. ... Adelphi Records is a US-american record label founded in 1968 by Gene Rosenthal. ... Look up sub rosa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914) - August 2, 1997), more commonly known as William S. Burroughs (pronounced ), was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was the founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... For the American baseball player use Tim Leary (baseball player) Timothy Francis Leary, (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist, advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. ... Marianne Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer and actress whose career spans over four decades. ... Ornette Coleman (born March 19, 1930) is an American saxophonist and composer. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Look up scanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Anita Pallenberg (born January 25, 1944 in Rome, Italy) is a model, actress and fashion designer. ... The Smashing Pumpkins (circa 1995) left to right: James Iha, DArcy, Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Trance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... “Beats” redirects here. ... This article is about the rock band. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was the founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... Cover of Hamris Tales of JoujoukaCapra Press 1975 showing Boujeloud/Pan in Joujouka Joujouka (or Jajouka) is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern Rif. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... Ksar-el-Kebir (Arabic, القصر الكبير) is a city in Morocco also known as Al Qasr al Kabir or Alcazarquivir in Spanish or Alcácer-Quibir in Portuguese. ... This is about a region in Morocco: RIF is also an acronym/initialism. ...

Background

The Master Musicians of Joujouka are one of two groups claiming to inherit traditions of their village . They claim they adhere to the traditional Sufi trance music of their patron saint passed down for 1200 years. Timothy Leary having visited the village in 1970 wrote an essay on his time with Mohamed Hamri and the master musicians in his 1971 book "Jail Notes" called "The four thousand year old rock'n'roll band". Leary based his dating on William Burroughs's belief that the ritual Boujeloud, performed in Jajouka, owes its origin to the Ancient Greek deity Pan. Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Trance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For the American baseball player use Tim Leary (baseball player) Timothy Francis Leary, (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist, advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Rock and roll (also spelled rock n roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... William S. Burroughs. ... Look up deity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up pan, pan-, Pan, PAN in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Before the Alaouite dynasty, the masters used to play in medieval times for sultans in their courts, travelling with them and announcing their arrival to villages and cities. The Alaouite Dynasty is the name of the current Moroccan royal family. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... Sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ...

Their first exposure to Western audiences came through their introduction to the Beat generation. Painter/folklorist Mohamed Hamri, whose mother was an Attar from the village,led artist Brion Gysin to Jajouka to meet the group. Gysin became fascinated with the group's music and led writer William Burroughs to the village. Burroughs described it as the world's oldest music and was the first person to call the musicians a "4000-year-old rock and roll band". In Tangier, Gysin and Hamri founded the 1001 Nights restaurant, in which the musicians played throughout the 1950s to a largely Western audience in what was then an international zone, the Interzone (book) of William S. Burroughs' fiction. “Beats” redirects here. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... William S. Burroughs. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... A view of Tangier bay at sunrise as seen from Cape Malabata Tangier - Avenue Mohammed VI Tangier (Tanja طنجة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish, Tânger in Portuguese, and Tanger in French) is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,680 (2004 census). ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... 1990 paperback edition by Penguin Books. ... William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914) - August 2, 1997), more commonly known as William S. Burroughs (pronounced ), was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. ...

When Rolling Stones lead guitarist Brian Jones visited Morocco in 1968, Gysin and Hamri took him to the village to record the Master Musicians of Joujouka in the ground-breaking release Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka, whose original release featured cover artwork by Hamri before a controversial 1990s redesign which appeared as Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. A second L.P. "Master Musicians of Jajouka" was released in 1974. This article is about the rock band. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was the founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in credible, third-party publications. ... Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka, originally Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka,[1][2] was an album produced by Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones band, originally released in 1971 on Rolling Stones Records. ...

The group in their mountain village in December 2005

Image File history File linksMetadata Master_musicians_of_joujouka. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Master_musicians_of_joujouka. ...

1990s to present CD and DVD Releases

The Master Musicians of Joujouka released their third album Joujouka Black Eyes, on Sub Rosa in 1995. In 1996 "Sufi" was released an album featuring the Sufi music of Jajouka's saint Sidi Ahmed Scheech and also the music of Gnawa from Marrakesh. The same year "10%: file under Burroughs" featured the Master Musicians of Joujouka in collaboration with Marianne Faithfull on "My Only Friend", an homage to Brion Gysin, as well as a prayer giving blessings and a vocal track by the musicians. The same CD features artists such as Scanner sampling the master musicians to create homages to Brion Gysin and William Burroughs. Other artists on "10%:file under Burroughs" include Bill Laswell, Herbert Huncke, William Burroughs,Bomb the Bass, Brion Gysin, Chuck Prophet and Stanley Booth. These CDs were produced by Frank Rynne. Look up sub rosa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Marianne Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer and actress whose career spans over four decades. ... Look up scanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... William S. Burroughs. ... Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem, Illinois and raised in Albion, Michigan) is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. ... Huncke on the cover of his anthology. ... William S. Burroughs. ... Bomb the Bass was the creation of the British musician Tim Simenon. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... Chuck Prophet is an American singer, songwriter and electric guitarist based in San Francisco. ... Stanley Booth is a noted music journalist who was born in Waycross, Georgia, in 1942. ... Frank Rynne is an Irish-born singer, record producer, art curator, film-maker, writer and historian. ...

Hamri continued to promote Joujouka music as President of their collectives' organisation Association Srifiya Folkloric until his death in Joujouka in August 2000. Despite Hamri's death in 2000 the musicians continue to work in Joujouka and abroad. The Master Musicians of Joujouka living in the village of Joujouka include Ahmed El Attar, Abdeslam Boukhzar, Mohamed El Attar, Abdeslam Errtoubi, Ahmed Bousini, Mustapha El Attar, Radi El Khalil, Abdullah Ziyat, and Mohamed Mokhchan, as well as other members of their Sufi community and their chidren.

The musicians travelled to perform in at Casa Da Musica,Porto, Portugal in spring 2006. Their most recent CD "Boujeloud" recorded over a four year period; documenting the music of the the Boujeloud ritual, was released in September 2006. part view of the Casa Casa da Música is a major concert hall space in Porto, Portugal. ... A modern view of the ancient city of Porto, the city that gave the name to the country. ...

A DVD, "Destroy all Rational Thought", featuring their 1992 performances at the Here To Go Show in Dublin Ireland was released in 2007. The documentary also feature the music of Bill Laswell, Material ,and Shabba Ranks. It also features the artist Brion Gysin and writer William Burroughs whose works were the focus of the show. The Spire at night WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Leinster County: Dáil Éireann: Dublin Central, Dublin North Central, Dublin North East, Dublin North West, Dublin South Central, Dublin South East European Parliament: Dublin Dialling Code: 01, +353 1 Postal District(s): D1-24, D6W Area: 114. ... Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem, Illinois and raised in Albion, Michigan) is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. ... Look up material in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Shabba Ranks (born Rexton Rawlston Fernando Gordon, 17 January 1966, Sturgetown, St Anns, Jamaica) is a Jamaican dancehall recording artist. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... William S. Burroughs. ...

Music and instruments

The group's music is a form of reed, pipe, and percussion music that relies on drones, improvisation, and complex rhythms, much of which is unique to their village. A reed is a thin strip of material which vibrates to make music. ... Pan pipes (also known as the panflute or the syrinx or quills) is an ancient musical instrument based on the principle of the stopped pipe, consisting usually of ten or more pipes of gradually increasing length. ... A percussion instrument is any object which produces a sound by being struck with an implement, shaken, rubbed, scraped, or by any other action which sets the object into vibration. ... In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much or all of a piece, sustained or repeated, and most often establishing a tonality upon which the rest of the piece is built. ... Improvisation is the practice of acting and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of ones immediate environment. ... Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. ...

Their flute is called the lira and is considered the oldest instrument in Jajouka. The double-reed instrument is called the rhaita; it is similar to an oboe, but possessing a louder sound and more penetrating tone. The drum is called the tebel and is made of goat skin and played with two wooden sticks. There is also another goat-skin drum called the tarija which allows for more fast-paced virtuosity. The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... The rhaita or ghaita is a double reed instrument from Northern Africa. ... The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... Bass drum made from wood, rope, and cowskin A drum is a musical instrument in the percussion group that can be large, technically classified as a membranophone. ... A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning: skill, manliness, excellence) is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability at singing or playing a musical instrument. ...

The music itself is considered to be part of the Sufi tradition of Islam. Prior to the colonization of Morocco by France and Spain, master musicians of the village were said to be the royal musicians of the sultans. In past centuries master musicians of the Jajouka village traditionally were excused by the country's rulers from manual labor, goat-herding, and farming to concentrate on their music because the music's powerful trance rhythms and droning woodwinds were traditionally considered to have the power to heal the sick. Sufism is a mystic tradition within Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... An altered state of consciousness is any state which is significantly different from a normative waking beta wave state. ...

The music of the region has a strong connection to Pan. According to the tale, thousands of years ago a goat-man called "Bou Jeloud" appeared to an Attar ancestor in a cave, and danced to his music. The musicians of the village re-enact this event annually. Pan (Greek , genitive ) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music: paein means to pasture. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...

Discography

• Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka (1971)
• Master Musicians of Jajouka (1974)
• Joujouka Black Eyes (1995)
• Moroccan Trance Music: Vol. 2: Sufi (featuring Gnoua Brotherhood of Marrakesh and The Master Musicians of Joujouka, 1996)
• 1O%: file under Burroughs track with with Marianne Faithfull
• Boujeloud (2006)

This article or section needs sources or references that appear in credible, third-party publications. ...

See Also

Jajouka, Rhaita, Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar, Mohamed Hamri, Brian Jones, William S. Burroughs, Brion Gysin, Marianne Faithfull, Timothy Leary, Frank Rynne, Bill Laswell, Beat Generation. This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... The rhaita or ghaita is a double reed instrument from Northern Africa. ... This article is about the band led by Bachir Attar and previously by his father, Hadj Abdesalam Attar. ... This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ... Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was the founding member, lead and rhythm guitarist and backing singer in the English rock group, The Rolling Stones. ... William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914) - August 2, 1997), more commonly known as William S. Burroughs (pronounced ), was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. ... Brion Gysin (January 19, 1916 - July 13, 1986) was a writer and painter. ... Marianne Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer and actress whose career spans over four decades. ... For the American baseball player use Tim Leary (baseball player) Timothy Francis Leary, (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist, advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. ... Frank Rynne is an Irish-born singer, record producer, art curator, film-maker, writer and historian. ... Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem, Illinois and raised in Albion, Michigan) is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. ... “Beats” redirects here. ...

Further reading

• Hamri, Mohamed (1975), "Tales of Joujouka". Capra Press.
• Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone.
• Strauss, Neil (October 12, 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". The New York Times.

External links

• Master Musicians of Joujouka. Official site of the Sufi Brotherhood living in Joujouka
• Master Musicians of Joujouka official myspace page
• Review of latest CD "Boujeloud" on Dusted.com
• Photos of the Master Musicians of Joujouka live at casa Da Muisica, porto, 1/4/2006
• Campion, Chris (August 1995). "Night Spirit Masters", "The Wire". Click link for article pdf
• Fariborz, Arian (2005). "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: The Faded Myth of the Goat-God". Qantara.de. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
• "Master Musicians of Joujouka Cavort With Corgan" Report and photo of Billy Corgan of Smashing Pumpkins and Master Musicians of Joujouka. Pitchfork (August 29, 2006). Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
• Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). "Into The Mystic". The Wire. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
• (French) Alaoui, Mehdi Sekkouri (September 22, 2006). "Souvenirs. Sur les traces des Rolling Stones". Telquel Online. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007.
• Rynne, Frank (January 2006). "Joujouka Comes Into the 21st Century". The Handstand. Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007.
• Sole, Deanne (November 19, 2006). "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: Boujeloud". Pop Matters. Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007