A master shot is a filmic recording of an entire scene, start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view. It's ordinarily supplemented with other shots - groupings of two or three of the actors at crucial moments, close-ups of individuals, and so on.
In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the mastershot.
An insert is different from a cutaway in that the cutaway is of action not covered in the mastershot.
Inserts and cutaways can both be vexacious for directors, as care must be taken to preserve continuity by keeping the objects in the same relative position as in the main take, and having the lighting the same.
If fragments of those mastershots are selected, and edited in parallel, the total event recorded can be reconstructed using the best or most significant segments of each master take, presenting a fragmented view similar to the short single shot process.
The move from wide shot to close-up was considered too radical a jump for audiences during the first five decades of motion pictures unless a medium shot was used in between.
Shot flow is the name given to the kinetic effect of a sequence of shots.
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