NationMaster - Encyclopedia: MathML

Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content. It aims at integrating mathematical formulae into World Wide Web documents. It is a recommendation of the W3C math working group. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a consortium that produces standards—recommendations, as they call them—for the World Wide Web. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

History

The specification of version 1.01 of the format was released in July 1999 and version 2.0 appeared in February 2001. In October 2003, the second edition of MathML Version 2.0 was published as the final release by the W3C math working group. In June 2006 the W3C has rechartered the MathML Working Group to produce a MathML 3 Recommendation until February 2008. This article is about the year. ... 2001 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Events: February - Iraq disarmament crisis: British and U.S. forces carry out bombing raids attempting to disable Iraqs air defense network. ... 2003 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for October, 2003. ... The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a consortium that produces standards—recommendations, as they call them—for the World Wide Web. ...

MathML was originally designed before the finalization of XML namespaces. As such, MathML markup is often not namespaced, and applications that deal with MathML, such as the Mozilla browsers, do not require a namespace. For applications that wish to namespace MathML, the recommended namespace URI is http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML. Many modern computer languages provide support for namespaces. ...

Presentation and semantics

MathML deals not only with the presentation but also the meaning of formula components (the latter part of MathML is known as “Content MathML”). Because the meaning of the equation is preserved separate from the presentation, how the content is communicated can be left up to the user. For example, web pages with MathML embedded in them can be viewed as normal web pages with many browsers but visually impaired users can also have the same MathML read to them through the use of screen readers (e.g. using the MathPlayer plugin for Internet Explorer, Opera 9.50 build 9656+ or the Firevox extension for Firefox). A screen reader is a software application that attempts to identify and obtain what is being displayed on the screen. ... MathPlayer is a program by Design Science that enables the display of MathML mathematical formulae in Internet Explorer. ... For other uses, see Plug in. ... Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. ... Opera is a cross-platform web browser and Internet suite which handles common Internet-related tasks including visiting web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, chatting online, viewing Widgets, downloading BitTorrents, and reading Newsfeeds. ...

Example

The well-known quadratic formula: In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of the second degree. ...

would be marked up using TeX syntax like this: TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ...

in troff/eqn like this: Troff is a document processing system developed by AT&T for the Unix operating system. ... Part of the troff suite of Unix document layout tools, eqn is a preprocessor that formats equations for printing. ...

The above equation could be represented in Presentation MathML as an expression tree made up from layout elements like mfrac or msqrt elements:

The <annotation> element can be used to embed a semantic annotation in non-XML format, for example to store the formula in the format used by an equation editor. Alternatively, the equation could be represented in Content MathML as an expression tree for the functional structure elements like apply (for function application) or eq (for the equality relation) elements:

In the expression tree above, elements like times are defined by the MathML specification and stand for mathematical functions that are applied to sibling expressions that are interpreted as arguments. The csymbol element is a generic extension element that means whatever is specified in the document referred to in the definitionURL attribute.

Although less compact than TeX, the XML structuring promises to make it widely usable and allows for instant display in applications such as Web browsers and facilitates a straightforward interpretation of its meaning in mathematical software products. MathML is not intended to be written or edited directly by humans.^[1] An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ...

Software support

Editors

Some editors with native MathML support (including copy and paste of MathML) are Publicon from Wolfram Research and SciWriter from soft4science. Wolfram Publicon Publicon is a technical publication software marketed by Wolfram Research. ... Wolfram Research is part of the Wolfram Group which consists of four companies: Wolfram Research Inc. ...

MathML is also supported by major office products such as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, and Microsoft Office 2007, as well as by mathematical software products such as Mathematica and the Windows version of the Casio ClassPad 300. The W3C Browser/Editor Amaya can also be mentioned as a WYSIWYG MathML-as-is editor. OpenOffice. ... KOffice is an office suite for the K Desktop Environment (KDE). ... Microsoft Office 2007 (officially called 2007 Microsoft Office system) is the most recent version of Microsofts productivity suite. ... For other uses, see Mathematica (disambiguation). ... Casio ClassPad 300 Casio ClassPad 300PLUS The Casio ClassPad 300 is the first (and at the time of this writing the only) pen based calculator. ... Amaya is a free and open source web browser and authoring tool created by a structured editor project at INRIA, a French national research institution, and later adopted by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. ... WYSIWYG (IPA Pronunciation [] or []), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, used in computing to describe a system in which content during editing appears very similar to the final product. ...

Conversion

Several utilities for converting mathematical expressions to MathML are available, including converters [1] between TeX and MathML. ConTeXt does the reverse and uses TeX for typesetting MathML (usually resulting in PDF documents). MathType from Design Science allows users to create equations in a WYSIWYG window and export them as MathML. Also, Wolfram Research provides a web page to convert typed mathematical expressions to MathML. TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ... Look up Context in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... Design Science MathType is an interactive tool for Windows and Macintosh that allows the creation of mathematical notation for word processing, web pages, desktop publishing, presentations, and for TeX, LaTeX, and MathML documents. ... // Companies Named Design Science Design Science (DSI) was founded in Long Beach, California in 1986 to develop the math equation authoring tools Equation Editor and MathType. ... WYSIWYG (IPA Pronunciation [] or []), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, used in computing to describe a system in which content during editing appears very similar to the final product. ... Wolfram Research is part of the Wolfram Group which consists of four companies: Wolfram Research Inc. ...

GNU TeXmacs is a what-you-see-is-what-you-get editor with extensive support for mathematics. Converters exist for presentation MathML in both directions. TeXmacs can be used to write mathematical articles which are exported to XHTML with embedded MathML. Another WYSIWYG MathML-as-is editor, Formulator MathML Weaver [2] provides a means for importing/exporting MathML with support for some abstract entities such as &ExponentialE; and &DifferentialD;. TeXmacs on Fedora Core 2 GNU TeXmacs is a free scientific word processor, which was both inspired by TeX and GNU Emacs. ... WYSIWYG (pronounced wizzy-wig or wuzzy-wig) is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, and is used in computing to refer to the technology that makes sure the image seen on the screen corresponds to what is printed out on paper. ... The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. ... WYSIWYG (IPA Pronunciation [] or []), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, used in computing to describe a system in which content during editing appears very similar to the final product. ... Formulator MathML Weaver is a program by Hermitech Laboratory that enables editing of MathML mathematical formulae in WYSIWYG way. ...

Web browsers

Of the major web browsers, those that directly support the format are recent versions of Gecko browsers (e.g., Firefox and Camino).[3] However, the user is currently required to download special fonts in order to display MathML correctly; this is likely to change soon with the release of the STIX fonts. Other browsers do not support the format, and require third-party plugins. For example, Internet Explorer only supports MathML if using the Design Science MathPlayer plugin, and Opera supports MathML using a User JavaScript extension. [4] Although support has been added in the recent weekly builds of Opera for MathML support. [5] An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ... Gecko is the open-source web browser layout engine used in Mozilla, later Netscape releases and several other products. ... Firefox may refer to: Firefox (novel), written by Craig Thomas, published in 1978 Firefox (film), the 1982 movie starring Clint Eastwood, based on the novel Firefox (arcade game), the laserdisc arcade game based on the movie Mozilla Firefox, a web browser The Red Fox or the Red Panda, based on... For other uses, see Camino (disambiguation). ... The STIX Fonts project is a project sponsored by several leading scientific and technical publishers to provide, under royalty-free license, a comprehensive font set of mathematical symbols and alphabets, intended to serve the scientific and engineering community for electronic and print publication. ... Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. ... // Companies Named Design Science Design Science (DSI) was founded in Long Beach, California in 1986 to develop the math equation authoring tools Equation Editor and MathType. ... MathPlayer is a program by Design Science that enables the display of MathML mathematical formulae in Internet Explorer. ... Opera is a cross-platform web browser and Internet suite which handles common Internet-related tasks including visiting web sites, sending and receiving e-mail messages, managing contacts, chatting online, viewing Widgets, downloading BitTorrents, and reading Newsfeeds. ...

Web conversion

ASCIIMath [6] provides a JavaScript library to re-write a convenient Wiki-like text syntax used inline in web pages into MathML on the fly; it works in browsers with MathML support or plug-ins. LaTeXMathML [7] does the same for (a subset of) the standard LaTeX mathematical syntax. JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... This article is about the typesetting system. ...

Blahtex is a TeX-to-MathML converter intended for use with MediaWiki. For the organization that manages Wikipedia and its sister projects, see Wikimedia Foundation. ...

Equation Server for .NET from soft4science can be used on the server side (ASP.NET) for TeX-Math (Subset of LaTeX math syntax) to MathML conversion. It can also create bitmap images (Png, Jpg, Gif,...) from TeX-Math or MathML input. ASP.NET logo ASP.NET is a web application framework marketed by Microsoft that programmers can use to build dynamic web sites, web applications and XML web services. ... This article is about the typesetting system. ...

Support of software developers

Support of MathML format accelerates software application development in such various topics, as computer-aided education (distance learning, electronic textbooks and other classroom materials); automated creation of attractive reports; computer algebra systems; authoring, training, publishing tools (both for web and desktop-oriented), and many other applications for mathematics, science, business, economics, etc. Several software vendors propose a component edition of their MathML editors, thus providing the easy way for software developers to insert mathematics rendering/editing/processing functionality in their applications. For example, Formulator ActiveX Control [8] from Hermitech Laboratory can be incorporated into an application as a MathML-as-is editor, Design Science propose a toolkit for building web pages that include interactive math (WebEQ™ Developers Suite, [9]). Formulator ActiveX Control is a software component by Hermitech Laboratory that enables software developers to insert MathML edit control into their applications. ... Hermitech Laboratory was founded in Zhytomyr, Ukraine in 2003 to develop the mathematical software tools. ... // Companies Named Design Science Design Science (DSI) was founded in Long Beach, California in 1986 to develop the math equation authoring tools Equation Editor and MathType. ...

Other standards

Another standard called OpenMath which has been designed (largely by the same people who devised Content MathML) more specifically for storing formulae semantically can also be used to complement MathML. OpenMath is the name of a document markup language for mathematical formulae. ...

The OMDoc format has been created for markup of larger mathematical structures than formulae, from statements like definitions, theorems, proofs, or example, to theories and text books. Formulae in OMDoc documents can either be written in Content MathML or in OpenMath; for presentation, they are converted to Presentation MathML. OMDoc (Open Mathematical Documents) is a semantic markup format for mathematical documents. ...

The Ecma Office Open XML (OOXML) standard defines an incompatible XML math syntax, derived from Microsoft Office products. Ecma Office Open XML (also known as Office Open XML, commonly abbreviated as OOXML) is a file format specification for the storage of electronic documents such as memos, presentations, and spreadsheets. ... Microsoft Office is an office suite from Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X operating systems. ...

See also

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Comparison of document markup languages. ... The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of document markup languages. ... TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ... This article is about the typesetting system. ... A formula editor is a name for a computer program that is used to typeset mathematical works or formulae. ... GELLMU (Generalized Extensible LaTeX-Like Markup) is a bridge from LaTeX to XML. MathML LaTeX2HTML GELLMU Category: ... LaTeX2HTML is a convertor written in Perl that converts LaTeX documents to HTML. This way e. ...

References

is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ...

External links

Categories: Markup languages | Mathematical tools | W3C standards | XML-based standards Specification may refer to several different concepts: Specification (standards) refers to specific standards Specificatio - a legal concept Specification (regression) refers to the practice of translating theory into a regression model Category: ... FAQ is an abbreviation for Frequently Asked Question(s). The term refers to listed questions and answers, all supposed to be frequently asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... A web browsers layout engine takes content (HTML, XML, images, etc. ... The Microsoft . ... In computer networking, the term server-side refers to operations that are performed by the server in a client-server relationship. ... This article is about the storage organization of raster images. ... Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. ... This article is about the typesetting system. ... Look up Context in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ... WYSIWYM is an alternative to WYSIWYG. The acronym refers to slightly different things depending on the context of use. ... This article is about the typesetting system. ... JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... It has been suggested that W3C Markup Validation Service be merged into this article or section. ... A W3C Recommendation is the final stage of a ratification process of the W3C working group concerning the standard. ... In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language. ... The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard protocol for interfacing external application software with an information server, commonly a web server. ... Hierarchy of objects in an example HTML DOM - Document Object Model The Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform- and language-independent standard object model for representing HTML or XML and related formats. ... HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ... Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata model but which has come to be used as a general method of modeling information, through a variety of syntax formats. ... SVG redirects here. ... A collection of decorative soaps used for human hygiene purposes. ... SMIL (pronounced or smile), the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, is a W3C Recommended XML markup language for describing multimedia presentations. ... Speech Recognition Grammar Specification (SRGS) is an W3C recommendation that defines syntax for representing grammars for use in speech recognition so that developers can specify the words and patterns of words to be listened for by a speech recognizer. ... Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is an XML-based markup language for speech synthesis applications. ... VoiceXML (VXML) is the W3Cs standard XML format for specifying interactive voice dialogues between a human and a computer. ... WSDL redirects here. ... XACML stands for eXtensible Access Control Markup Language. ... The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ... www. ... XForms is two things: 1. ... XML Information Set (Infoset) is a W3C recommendation. ... This article is about the W3Cs XML Schema language. ... XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language for addressing portions of an XML document, or for computing values (strings, numbers, or boolean values) based on the content of an XML document. ... XPointer is a system for addressing components of XML based internet media. ... XQuery is a query language (with some programming language features) that is designed to query collections of XML data. ... Diagram of the basic elements and process flow of Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. ... The XML Linking Language, or XLink, is an XML markup language used for creating hyperlinks within XML documents. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition (SISR) defines the syntax and semantics of annotations to grammar rules in the Speech Recognition Grammar Specification (SRGS). ... The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a language for defining and instantiating Web ontologies. ... RDF Schema is a language for describing vocabularies in RDF. RDF Schema is a semantic extension of RDF. It provides mechanisms for describing groups of related resources and the relationships between these resources. ... Timed Text refers to the presentation of text media in synchrony with other media, such as audio and video. ... Compound Document Format (CDF) is an electronic document format proposed to overcome perceived shortcomings in the Open Document Format. ... XHTML+SMIL is a W3C Note that describes an integration of SMIL semantics with XHTML and CSS. It is based generally upon the HTML+TIME submission. ... The curie (symbol Ci) is a former unit of radioactivity, defined as 3. ... Call Control eXtensible Markup Language (CCXML) is an XML standard designed to provide telephony support to VXML. Where as VXML is designed to provide a VUI interface to a voice browser, CCXML is designed to inform the voice browser how to handle the telephony control of the voice channel. ... InkML is a format to describe ink data input with an electronic pen or stylus. ... XFrames is an XML application being developed by the W3C for combining multiple documents together. ... Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) is a class of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) specified in World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) NOTE-XFDL-19980902, Extensible Forms Description Language (XFDL) 4. ... Web Integration Compound Document (WICD) is a W3C standard, based on the idea of integrating existing markup language formats in preference to inventing new markup. ... XHTML+MathML+SVG is a W3C Working Draft that describes an integration of MathML and SVG semantics with XHTML and CSS. W3C Working Draft Category: ...

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