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Encyclopedia > Mathematical alphanumeric symbols

Mathematical alphanumeric symbols are modifications of Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles (one example is blackboard bold, or double-struck (in Unicode terminology)). The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... In mathematics and computer science, a numerical digit is a symbol, e. ... An example of blackboard bold letters. ... Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ...


Unicode now includes many such symbols (in the range U+1D400 ... U+1D7FF).  The rationale behind this is that it enables design of special mathematical fonts that include all necessary characters in a single collection.  Those symbols should be used only in mathematical formulas;  in general text, use standard letters with markup instead. Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...


All these letter shapes may be manipulated with MathML’s attribute mathvariant. Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is an application of XML for representing mathematical symbols and formulae, aimed at integrating them into World Wide Web documents. ...


The letters in various fonts often have specific, fixed meanings in particular areas of mathematics. By providing uniformity over numerous mathematical articles and books, these conventions help to read mathematical formulae.

Contents


Tables

You will probably only see empty boxes or question marks in most cells of the following tables unless you have a suitable Unicode font (such as Code2001) and a browser (such as Mozilla Firefox) and operating system supporting Unicode characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane. Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... In digital typography, James Kasss Code2000 OpenType font is designed to support as much of the Unicode standard, version 4. ... Mozilla Firefox is a free, open source, cross-platform, graphical web browser developed by the Mozilla Corporation and hundreds of volunteers. ... Unicode reserves 1,114,112 (= 220 + 216) code points, and currently assigns characters to more than 96,000 of those code points. ...


Latin letters

 -   bold  italic bold italic script bold script fraktur double-
struck		 bold fraktur sans-
serif		 sans-
serif bold		 sans-
serif italic		 sans-
serif bold italic		 mono-
space
A 𝐀 𝐮 𝑹 𝒜 𝓐 𝔄 𝔾 𝕬 𝖠 𝗔 𝘈 đ˜Œ 𝙰
B 𝐁 đ” đ‘© ℬ 𝓑 𝔅 đ”č 𝕭 𝖡 𝗕 𝘉 đ˜œ đ™±
C 𝐂 đ¶ đ‘Ș 𝒞 𝓒 ℭ ℂ 𝕼 𝖱 𝗖 𝘊 đ˜Ÿ đ™Č
D 𝐃 đ· đ‘« 𝒟 𝓓 𝔇 đ”» 𝕯 𝖣 𝗗 𝘋 𝘿 𝙳
E 𝐄 𝐾 𝑬 ℰ 𝓔 𝔈 đ”Œ 𝕰 đ–€ 𝗘 𝘌 𝙀 𝙮
F 𝐅 đč 𝑭 ℱ 𝓕 𝔉 đ”œ đ•± đ–„ 𝗙 𝘍 𝙁 đ™”
G 𝐆 đș 𝑼 𝒱 𝓖 𝔊 đ”Ÿ đ•Č 𝖩 𝗚 𝘎 𝙂 đ™¶
H 𝐇 đ» 𝑯 ℋ 𝓗 ℌ ℍ 𝕳 𝖧 𝗛 𝘏 𝙃 đ™·
I 𝐈 đŒ 𝑰 ℐ 𝓘 ℑ 𝕀 𝕮 𝖹 𝗜 𝘐 𝙄 𝙾
J 𝐉 đœ đ‘± đ’„ 𝓙 𝔍 𝕁 đ•” đ–© 𝗝 𝘑 𝙅 đ™č
K 𝐊 đŸ đ‘Č 𝒩 𝓚 𝔎 𝕂 đ•¶ đ–Ș 𝗞 𝘒 𝙆 đ™ș
L 𝐋 𝐿 𝑳 ℒ 𝓛 𝔏 𝕃 đ•· đ–« 𝗟 𝘓 𝙇 đ™»
M 𝐌 𝑀 𝑮 ℳ 𝓜 𝔐 𝕄 𝕾 𝖬 𝗠 𝘔 𝙈 đ™Œ
N 𝐍 𝑁 đ‘” đ’© 𝓝 𝔑 ℕ đ•č 𝖭 𝗡 𝘕 𝙉 đ™œ
O 𝐎 𝑂 đ‘¶ đ’Ș 𝓞 𝔒 𝕆 đ•ș 𝖼 𝗱 𝘖 𝙊 đ™Ÿ
P 𝐏 𝑃 đ‘· ℘ 𝓟 𝔓 ℙ đ•» 𝖯 𝗣 𝘗 𝙋 𝙿
Q 𝐐 𝑄 𝑾 𝒬 𝓠 𝔔 ℚ đ•Œ 𝖰 đ—€ 𝘘 𝙌 𝚀
R 𝐑 𝑅 đ‘č ℛ 𝓡 ℜ ℝ đ•œ đ–± đ—„ 𝘙 𝙍 𝚁
S 𝐒 𝑆 đ‘ș 𝒼 𝓱 𝔖 𝕊 đ•Ÿ đ–Č 𝗩 𝘚 𝙎 𝚂
T 𝐓 𝑇 đ‘» 𝒯 𝓣 𝔗 𝕋 𝕿 𝖳 𝗧 𝘛 𝙏 𝚃
U 𝐔 𝑈 đ‘Œ 𝒰 đ“€ 𝔘 𝕌 𝖀 𝖮 𝗹 𝘜 𝙐 𝚄
V 𝐕 𝑉 đ‘œ đ’± đ“„ 𝔙 𝕍 𝖁 đ–” đ—© 𝘝 𝙑 𝚅
W 𝐖 𝑊 đ‘Ÿ đ’Č 𝓩 𝔚 𝕎 𝖂 đ–¶ đ—Ș 𝘞 𝙒 𝚆
X 𝐗 𝑋 𝑿 𝒳 𝓧 𝔛 𝕏 𝖃 đ–· đ—« 𝘟 𝙓 𝚇
Y 𝐘 𝑌 𝒀 𝒮 𝓹 𝔜 𝕐 𝖄 𝖾 𝗬 𝘠 𝙔 𝚈
Z 𝐙 𝑍 𝒁 đ’” đ“© ℹ â„€ 𝖅 đ–č 𝗭 𝘡 𝙕 𝚉
a 𝐚 𝑎 𝒂 đ’¶ đ“Ș 𝔞 𝕒 𝖆 đ–ș 𝗼 𝘱 𝙖 𝚊
b 𝐛 𝑏 𝒃 đ’· đ“« 𝔟 𝕓 𝖇 đ–» 𝗯 𝘣 𝙗 𝚋
c 𝐜 𝑐 𝒄 𝒾 𝓬 𝔠 𝕔 𝖈 đ–Œ 𝗰 đ˜€ 𝙘 𝚌
d 𝐝 𝑑 𝒅 đ’č 𝓭 𝔡 𝕕 𝖉 đ–œ đ—± đ˜„ 𝙙 𝚍
e 𝐞 𝑒 𝒆 ℯ 𝓼 𝔱 𝕖 𝖊 đ–Ÿ đ—Č 𝘩 𝙚 𝚎
f 𝐟 𝑓 𝒇 đ’» 𝓯 𝔣 𝕗 𝖋 𝖿 𝗳 𝘧 𝙛 𝚏
g 𝐠 𝑔 𝒈 ℊ 𝓰 đ”€ 𝕘 𝖌 𝗀 𝗮 𝘹 𝙜 𝚐
h 𝐡 ℎ 𝒉 đ’œ đ“± đ”„ 𝕙 𝖍 𝗁 đ—” đ˜© 𝙝 𝚑
i 𝐱 𝑖 𝒊 đ’Ÿ đ“Č 𝔩 𝕚 𝖎 𝗂 đ—¶ đ˜Ș 𝙞 𝚒
j 𝐣 𝑗 𝒋 𝒿 𝓳 𝔧 𝕛 𝖏 𝗃 đ—· đ˜« 𝙟 𝚓
k đ€ 𝑘 𝒌 𝓀 𝓮 𝔹 𝕜 𝖐 𝗄 𝗾 𝘬 𝙠 𝚔
l đ„ 𝑙 𝒍 ℓ đ“” đ”© 𝕝 𝖑 𝗅 đ—č 𝘭 𝙡 𝚕
m 𝐩 𝑚 𝒎 𝓂 đ“¶ đ”Ș 𝕞 𝖒 𝗆 đ—ș 𝘼 𝙱 𝚖
n 𝐧 𝑛 𝒏 𝓃 đ“· đ”« 𝕟 𝖓 𝗇 đ—» 𝘯 𝙣 𝚗
o 𝐹 𝑜 𝒐 ℮ 𝓾 𝔬 𝕠 𝖔 𝗈 đ—Œ 𝘰 đ™€ 𝚘
p đ© 𝑝 𝒑 𝓅 đ“č 𝔭 𝕡 𝖕 𝗉 đ—œ đ˜± đ™„ 𝚙
q đȘ 𝑞 𝒒 𝓆 đ“ș 𝔼 𝕱 𝖖 𝗊 đ—Ÿ đ˜Č 𝙩 𝚚
r đ« 𝑟 𝒓 𝓇 đ“» 𝔯 𝕣 𝖗 𝗋 𝗿 𝘳 𝙧 𝚛
s 𝐬 𝑠 𝒔 𝓈 đ“Œ 𝔰 đ•€ 𝖘 𝗌 𝘀 𝘮 𝙹 𝚜
t 𝐭 𝑡 𝒕 𝓉 đ“œ đ”± đ•„ 𝖙 𝗍 𝘁 đ˜” đ™© 𝚝
u 𝐼 𝑱 𝒖 𝓊 đ“Ÿ đ”Č 𝕩 𝖚 𝗎 𝘂 đ˜¶ đ™Ș 𝚞
v 𝐯 𝑣 𝒗 𝓋 𝓿 𝔳 𝕧 𝖛 𝗏 𝘃 đ˜· đ™« 𝚟
w 𝐰 đ‘€ 𝒘 𝓌 𝔀 𝔮 𝕹 𝖜 𝗐 𝘄 𝘾 𝙬 𝚠
x đ± đ‘„ 𝒙 𝓍 𝔁 đ”” đ•© 𝖝 𝗑 𝘅 đ˜č 𝙭 𝚡
y đČ 𝑩 𝒚 𝓎 𝔂 đ”¶ đ•Ș 𝖞 𝗒 𝘆 đ˜ș 𝙼 𝚱
z 𝐳 𝑧 𝒛 𝓏 𝔃 đ”· đ•« 𝖟 𝗓 𝘇 đ˜» 𝙯 𝚣

Greek letters and symbols

normal  bold   italic  bold italic sans-serif
bold		 sans-serif
bold italic
Α 𝚹 𝛱 𝜜 𝝖 𝞐
Β đš© 𝛣 𝜝 𝝗 𝞑
Γ đšȘ đ›€ 𝜞 𝝘 𝞒
Δ đš« đ›„ 𝜟 𝝙 𝞓
Ε 𝚬 𝛩 𝜠 𝝚 𝞔
Ζ 𝚭 𝛧 𝜡 𝝛 𝞕
Η 𝚼 𝛹 𝜱 𝝜 𝞖
Θ 𝚯 đ›© 𝜣 𝝝 𝞗
Ι 𝚰 đ›Ș đœ€ 𝝞 𝞘
Κ đš± đ›« đœ„ 𝝟 𝞙
Λ đšČ 𝛬 𝜩 𝝠 𝞚
Μ 𝚳 𝛭 𝜧 𝝡 𝞛
Ν 𝚮 𝛼 𝜹 𝝱 𝞜
Ξ đš” 𝛯 đœ© 𝝣 𝞝
Ο đš¶ 𝛰 đœȘ đ€ 𝞞
Π đš· đ›± đœ« đ„ 𝞟
ÎĄ 𝚾 đ›Č 𝜬 𝝩 𝞠
ÏŽ đšč 𝛳 𝜭 𝝧 𝞡
ÎŁ đšș 𝛮 𝜼 𝝹 𝞱
΀ đš» đ›” 𝜯 đ© 𝞣
΄ đšŒ đ›¶ 𝜰 đȘ đž€
Ί đšœ đ›· đœ± đ« đž„
Χ đšŸ 𝛾 đœČ 𝝬 𝞩
Κ 𝚿 đ›č 𝜳 𝝭 𝞧
Ω 𝛀 đ›ș 𝜮 𝝼 𝞹
∇ 𝛁 đ›» đœ” 𝝯 đž©
α 𝛂 đ›Œ đœ¶ 𝝰 đžȘ
ÎČ đ›ƒ đ›œ đœ· đ± đž«
Îł 𝛄 đ›Ÿ 𝜾 đČ 𝞬
ÎŽ 𝛅 𝛿 đœč 𝝳 𝞭
Δ 𝛆 𝜀 đœș 𝝮 𝞼
ζ 𝛇 𝜁 đœ» đ” 𝞯
η 𝛈 𝜂 đœŒ đ¶ 𝞰
Ξ 𝛉 𝜃 đœœ đ· đž±
Îč 𝛊 𝜄 đœŸ 𝝾 đžČ
Îș 𝛋 𝜅 𝜿 đč 𝞳
λ 𝛌 𝜆 𝝀 đș 𝞮
ÎŒ 𝛍 𝜇 𝝁 đ» đž”
Îœ 𝛎 𝜈 𝝂 đŒ đž¶
Ο 𝛏 𝜉 𝝃 đœ đž·
Îż 𝛐 𝜊 𝝄 đŸ 𝞾
π 𝛑 𝜋 𝝅 𝝿 đžč
ρ 𝛒 𝜌 𝝆 𝞀 đžș
ς 𝛓 𝜍 𝝇 𝞁 đž»
σ 𝛔 𝜎 𝝈 𝞂 đžŒ
τ 𝛕 𝜏 𝝉 𝞃 đžœ
υ 𝛖 𝜐 𝝊 𝞄 đžŸ
φ 𝛗 𝜑 𝝋 𝞅 𝞿
χ 𝛘 𝜒 𝝌 𝞆 𝟀
ψ 𝛙 𝜓 𝝍 𝞇 𝟁
ω 𝛚 𝜔 𝝎 𝞈 𝟂
∂ 𝛛 𝜕 𝝏 𝞉 𝟃
Ï” 𝛜 𝜖 𝝐 𝞊 𝟄
ϑ 𝛝 𝜗 𝝑 𝞋 𝟅
Ï° 𝛞 𝜘 𝝒 𝞌 𝟆
ϕ 𝛟 𝜙 𝝓 𝞍 𝟇
ϱ 𝛠 𝜚 𝝔 𝞎 𝟈
ϖ 𝛡 𝜛 𝝕 𝞏 𝟉

Digits

normal  bold  double-struck sans-serif sans-serif bold monospace
0 𝟎 𝟘 𝟱 𝟬 đŸ¶
1 𝟏 𝟙 𝟣 𝟭 đŸ·
2 𝟐 𝟚 đŸ€ 𝟼 𝟾
3 𝟑 𝟛 đŸ„ 𝟯 đŸč
4 𝟒 𝟜 𝟩 𝟰 đŸș
5 𝟓 𝟝 𝟧 đŸ± đŸ»
6 𝟔 𝟞 𝟹 đŸČ đŸŒ
7 𝟕 𝟟 đŸ© 𝟳 đŸœ
8 𝟖 𝟠 đŸȘ 𝟮 đŸŸ
9 𝟗 𝟡 đŸ« đŸ” 𝟿

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols - Test for Unicode support in Web browsers (211 words)
The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols range was introduced with version 3.1 of the Unicode Standard and is located in Plane 1 (the Supplementary Multilingual Plane), which requires the enabling of surrogates in Windows 2000; these characters cannot easily be displayed in earlier versions of Windows.
Other mathematical symbols can be found in the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A and Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B ranges.
The characters that appear in the “Character” columns of the following table depend on the browser that you are using, the fonts installed on your computer, and the browser options you have chosen that determine the fonts used to display particular character sets, encodings or languages.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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