Abitur is the word commonly used in Germany for the final exams young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling. The Abiturzeugnis, issued after a candidate has passed their final exams, is the document which contains their grades and which formally enables them to go to university. Secondary education is a period of education which, in most contemporary educational systems of the world, follows directly after primary education, and which may be followed by tertiary, post-secondary, or higher education (e. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ...

It can only roughly be compared with a High school degree of secondary education as it allows the graduate, the Abiturient, to start studying at a University. Its importance has grown beyond admission to the university, however, in that it became a frequent prerequisite to start an apprenticeship in some professions (e.g. banking). Main article: Secondary education in Japan The Japanese word for a high school is kōtōgakkō (高等学校; literally high school), or kōkō (高校) in short. ... Secondary education is a period of education which, in most contemporary educational systems of the world, follows directly after primary education, and which may be followed by tertiary, post-secondary, or higher education (e. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ...

The official term for Abitur in Germany is allgemeine Hochschulreife. The equivalent exam in Austria and other countries of continental Europe is Matura, while in the United Kingdom outside Scotland it is A-levels, and in Scotland it is Advanced Higher Grade. Continental Europe refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ... Matura or Matur is the word commonly used in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia and Switzerland for the final exams young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education. ... An A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education usually taken during Further Education and after GCSEs. ... Transport in Scotland Timeline of Scottish history Caledonia List of not fully sovereign nations Subdivisions of Scotland National parks (Scotland) Traditional music of Scotland Flower of Scotland Wars of Scottish Independence National Trust for Scotland Historic houses in Scotland Castles in Scotland Museums in Scotland Abbeys and priories in Scotland... Advanced Higher Grade, roughly equivalent to Englands A-Levels, is the non-compulsory Scottish examination for students aged about 17-18. ...

Abitur in Germany

In colloquial usage the term Abitur often refers to the final exams only. These generally consist of sets of written examinations and oral examinations. The subjects covered in these examinations vary according to the specialization chosen by the student during the last 2-3 years (Oberstufe) at the Gymnasium. The student's choice may be limited further, however, depending on the specific laws on higher education in a federal state (Bundesland), which has some independence in the design of its educational systems with respect to federal laws. A gymnasium is a type of school of secondary education in parts of Europe. ... Bundesland (plural Bundesländer)is the German language name for the federal states of Austria. ...

The marks obtained in these exams combine with some of the marks won during the last 2-3 years to a summary mark. This, in turn, is important to be admitted to a German university for some fields of study, in particular medical schools ("Numerus clausus"). Numerus Clausus (closed number in Latin) is one of many methods used to limit the number of students who may study at a university. ...

The composite score of the Abitur is between 0 and 840, though both borders are rarely awarded. The student has the possibility to omit courses (usually 5 courses) from his/her composite score. At the moment, 768 points are equivalent to 1,0 - the highest achievable grade.

Abitur in Finland

A model of this has also existed in Finland since the beginning of the 20th century. The test is called Ylioppilastutkinto in Finnish and Studentexam in Swedish. The official English language translation is Matriculation Examination. The matriculation ceremony at Oxford Matriculation refers to the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by acquiring the required prior qualifications. ...

Each pupil is required to participate in at least four tests in order to matriculate. The mandatory tests are Äidinkieli ("mother tongue; Finnish for most students, Swedish for some), Swedish (or Finnish for Swedish-speaking students), a foreign language (usually English), mathematics and reaali, in which the student answers to a number of questions of at least two subjects, which may include subjects such as history, biology or physics, to name a few. In maths, the pupil may choose between a test of the long course of maths and the short one. Likewise, the foreign language can either be a short, intermediate or long course. However, either maths or the foreign language must be the long course. In addition, the pupils may participate in tests in one or more other foreign languages, provided that they have passed the necessary courses in those languages. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Mathematics Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mathematics Look up Mathematics on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mathematics Bogomolny, Alexander: Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles. ... One of the most famous quotations about history and the value of studying history by Spanish philosopher, George Santayana, reads: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. ... Main articles: Life The most salient example of biological universality is that all living things share a common carbon-based biochemistry and in particular pass on their characteristics via genetic material, which is based on nucleic acids such as DNA and which uses a common genetic code with only minor... Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. ...

The score of each test varies with the subject. For example, the maximum score for the test in Finnish is 99 points, in mathematics 60 points and in foreign languages 299 points. The tests are graded with seven verbal grades with Latin names: Improbatur (I), Approbatur (A), Lubenter Approbatur (B) Cum Laude Approbatur (C), Magna Cum Laude Approbatur (M) Eximia Cum Laude Approbatur (E) and Laudatur (L), from bottom to top. At least the grade A is required for the test to be passed. Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

See also

• Education in Germany
• Education in Finland