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The Mattachine Society was the earliest homophile organization in the United States. The initialism LGBT also GLBT is in use (since the 1990s) to refer collectively to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender people. ...
Queer studies is the study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity. ...
Image File history File links Gay_flag. ...
This article is about same-sex desire and sexuality among women. ...
GAY can mean: Gay, a term referring to homosexual men or women The IATA code for Gaya Airport Category: ...
“Bisexual†redirects here. ...
A transgender woman at New York Citys gay pride parade Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English)) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at...
Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ...
LGBT history refers to the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender cultures around the world, dating back to the first recorded instances of same-sex love and sexuality within ancient civilizations. ...
LGBT rights Around the world · By country History · Groups · Activists Declaration of Montreal Same-sex relationships Marriage · Adoption Opposition · Discrimination Violence This box: This timeline of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) history details notable events in the Common Era West. ...
Gay Liberation (or Gay Lib) is the name used to describe the radical lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered movement of the late 1960s and early to mid 1970s in North America, Western Europe, and Australia and New Zealand. ...
For the LGBT rights article for a particular country, see LGBT rights by country. ...
This is a timeline of AIDS, including some discussion of early AIDS cases (especially those before 1980). ...
Christopher Street Parade Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures concern the culture, knowledge, and references shared by members of sexual minorities or transgendered people by virtue of their membership in those minorities or their state of being transgendered. ...
The sociological construct of a gay community is complex among those that classify themselves as homosexual, ranging from full-embracement to complete and utter rejection of the concept. ...
Front line of Gay Pride parade in Paris, France; June 2005 Gay pride or LGBT pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity. ...
For other uses, see Coming out (disambiguation). ...
Gay slang or LGBT slang in linguistics refers to a form of English slang used predominantly among LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) people. ...
A gay village (also gay ghetto or gayborhood) is an urban geographic location with generally recognized boundaries where a large number of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual people live. ...
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...
For the novel by William S. Burroughs, see Queer (novel). ...
Questioning is a term that can refer to a person who is questioning his or her sexual identity or sexual orientation. ...
World laws on homosexuality Legality of same-sex unions in the US. Legality of same-sex unions in Europe. ...
One of four newly wedded same-sex couples in a public wedding at Taiwan Pride 2006. ...
As unregistered cohabitation Recognised in some regions Recognised prior to legalisation of same-sex marriage Netherlands (nationwide) (1998) Spain (12 of 17 communities) (1998) South Africa (nationwide) (1999) Belgium (nationwide) (2000) Canada (QC, NS and MB) (2001) Recognition debated See also Same-sex marriage Registered partnership Domestic partnership Common-law...
LGBT adoption refers to the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered people. ...
A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as sex crimes. ...
LGBT rights Around the world · By country History · Groups · Activists Declaration of Montreal Same-sex relationships Marriage · Adoption Opposition · Persecution Violence This box: The militaries of the world have a variety of responses to homosexual and bisexual orientations. ...
A Jewish cemetery in France after being defaced by Neo-Nazis. ...
This list indexes the articles on LGBT rights in each country and significant non-country region (e. ...
Cover of French homophile literary journal Arcadie, 1975 The word homophile is an alternative to the word homosexual, preferred by some because it emphasizes love (-phile from Greek φιλία) over sex. ...
Founding
The organization was founded by Harry Hay along with a small group of friends. [1] The group first met in Los Angeles, on November 11, 1950, with Hay, Rudi Gernreich, Bob Hull, Chuck Rowland, and Dale Jennings in attendance, but was not incorporated until 1954 when a different group assumed leadership positions. For the Australian Olympic swimmer, see Henry Hay. ...
Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ...
is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Rudi Gernreich (1922-1985) was a fashion designer and gay activist. ...
Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Several other related organizations were formed shortly afterward in San Francisco, New York City, Boston, Chicago, Denver, the District of Columbia, and Philadelphia. The primary goals of the society were to 1. Unify homosexuals isolated from their own kind; 2. Educate homosexuals and heterosexuals toward an ethical homosexual culture paralleling the cultures of the Negro, Mexican and Jewish peoples; 3. Lead the more socially conscious homosexual to provide leadership to the whole mass of social deviates; and 4. Assist our people who are victimized daily as a result of our oppression.[2] San Francisco redirects here. ...
New York, New York redirects here. ...
Boston redirects here. ...
Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ...
Denver redirects here. ...
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Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area - City 369. ...
Naming The Mattachine Society was named by Harry Hay, inspired by a French medieval and renaissance masque group he had studied while preparing a course on the history of popular music for a workers' education project. In a 1976 interview with Jonathan Ned Katz, Hay was asked the origin of the name Mattachine. He mentioned the medieval-Renaissance French Sociétés Joyeux: Costume for a Knight, by Inigo Jones: the plumed helmet, the heroic torso in armour and other conventions were still employed for opera seria in the 18th century. ...
- "One masque group was known as the 'Société Mattachine.' These societies, lifelong secret fraternities of unmarried townsmen who never performed in public unmasked, were dedicated to going out into the countryside and conducting dances and rituals during the Feast of Fools, at the Vernal Equinox. Sometimes these dance rituals, or masques, were peasant protests against oppression — with the maskers, in the people’s name, receiving the brunt of a given lord’s vicious retaliation. So we took the name Mattachine because we felt that we 1950s Gays were also a masked people, unknown and anonymous, who might become engaged in morale building and helping ourselves and others, through struggle, to move toward total redress and change."[2]
This French group was named in turn after Mattaccino (or the Anglicized Mattachino), a character in Italian theater. Mattaccino was a kind of court jester, who would speak the truth to the king when nobody else would.[3] The "mattachin" (from Arabic mutawajjihin — "mask-wearers") were originally Moorish (Hispano-Arab) sword-dancers who wore elaborate, colorful costumes and masks.[3] Costume for a Knight, by Inigo Jones: the plumed helmet, the heroic torso in armour and other conventions were still employed for opera seria in the 18th century. ...
For other uses of Jester, see Jester (disambiguation). ...
Arabic redirects here. ...
For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ...
The Mattachine Society used so-called harlequin diamonds as their emblem. The design consisted of four diamonds arranged in a pattern to form a larger diamond. “Arlecchino†redirects here. ...
An emblem consists of a pictorial image, abstract or representational, that epitomizes a concept - often a concept of a moral truth or an allegory. ...
 U.S. homophile publication Mattachine Review, May 1959. Image File history File linksMetadata Mattachine_Review_1959. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Mattachine_Review_1959. ...
Cover of French homophile literary journal Arcadie, 1975 The word homophile is an alternative to the word homosexual, preferred by some because it emphasizes love (-phile from Greek φιλία) over sex. ...
Affiliations Most of the Mattachine founders were affiliated with Communism and based the organization on the cell structure of the Communist Party USA (i.e. democratic centralism).[1] As the Red Scare progressed, the association with communism concerned some members as well as supporters and Hay, a dedicated member of the communist party for 15 years, stepped down as the society's leader. Others were similarly ousted, and the leadership structure became influenced less by communism, more by a moderate ideology similar to that espoused by the liberal reformist civil rights organizations that existed for African Americans. This article is about the form of society and political movement. ...
The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ...
Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. ...
Some factual claims in this article need to be verified. ...
“Moderates†redirects here. ...
Political Ideologies Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: An ideology is an organized collection of ideas. ...
Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ...
African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ...
Although Harry Hay claimed "never to have even heard" of the earlier gay liberation struggle in Germany - by the people around Adolf Brand, Magnus Hirschfeld and Leontine Sagan - he is known to have talked about it with German emigrés in America, including Rudi Gernreich. Adolf Brand (1874-1945) was a German journalist and school teacher who began publishing the first German homosexual periodical, Der Eigene (The Special), in 1896. ...
Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933 Magnus Hirschfeld (Kolberg, May 14, 1868 - Nice, May 14, 1935) was a prominent German-Jewish physician, sexologist, and gay rights advocate. ...
Leontine Sagan (born Leontine Schlesinger, 1889 in Vienna, Austria , died 1974 in South Africa) was a German actress. ...
The Mattachine Society existed as a single national organization headquartered first in Los Angeles and then, beginning around 1956, in San Francisco. Outside of Los Angeles and San Francisco, chapters were established in New York, Washington DC, Chicago, and other locales. Due to internal in-fighting, the national organization disbanded in 1961. The San Francisco national chapter retained the name "Mattachine Society," while the New York chapter became "Mattachine Society of New York, Inc.".
A largely amicable split within the Society in 1952 resulted in a new organization called ONE, Inc.. ONE admitted women, and together with Mattachine, provided vital help to the Daughters of Bilitis in the launching of Bilitis' magazine The Ladder in 1956. The Daughters of Bilitis was the counterpart lesbian organization to the Mattachine Society, and the two organizations worked together on some campaigns, although their approaches to visibility in the mass media differed considerably. Under a different leadership, however, the Daughters of Bilitis came under attack in the early 1970s for "siding" with Mattachine rather than with the new separatist feminist organizations. Also in the 1960s, The Mattachine Society New York was associated with other groups in ECHO (East Coast Homophile Organizations). ONE, Inc. ...
The Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) was formed in San Francisco, California in 1955 by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon along with six other women. ...
The Ladder. ...
A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ...
Goals The Mattachine Society's goal was to liberate the oppressed homosexual community and provide a variety of services to the gay community, including referral services for legal and other professionals, and counseling. They also lobbied for the repeal of sodomy laws and other laws that are discriminatory toward gay people. It published The Mattachine Review. A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as sex crimes. ...
Decline During the 1960s, the various unaffiliated Mattachine Societies, especially the Mattachine Society in San Francisco and the Mattachine Society New York were the foremost gay rights groups in the United States, but beginning in the middle 1960s and, especially, following the Stonewall riots of 1969, they began increasingly to be seen as stodgy and traditional and not willing enough to be confrontational. Like the divide that occurred within the black civil rights movement, the late 1960s and the 1970s brought a new generation of activists who felt that the gay rights movement needed to endorse a larger and more radical agenda to address other forms of oppression, the Vietnam War, and the sexual revolution. Many of the various, unaffiliated entities that went under the auspices "Mattachine Society" eventually lost support and fell prey to infighting; for example, due to impending bankruptcy, The Mattachine Society New York was disbanded in January of 1987. The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ...
LGBT rights Around the world By country History · Groups · Activists Declaration of Montreal Same-sex relationships Marriage · Adoption Opposition · Discrimination Violence This box: The Stonewall riots were a series of violent conflicts between New York City police officers and groups of gay and transgender people that began during the early...
Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...
Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...
For the Macy Gray song, see Sexual Revolution (song). ...
Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration—see text) in the United Kingdom. ...
Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ...
Unrelated to the earlier iterations of the Mattachine Society, a group reorganized under the name Mattachine Society in Shreveport, LA in 2005. The organization was founded by a group of young adults aged 16-28 in response to a sharp increase in heterosexist legislation in the Louisiana State Legislature. Although acquiring a sizable following for a period of time, the Shreveport Mattachine fell into disorganization and was disbanded in August of 2006 by its president and founder, Jesse Smith. Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
References - ^ a b Adam, Barry. Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement. Twayne Publishers; 1987.
- ^ a b Katz, Jonathan. Gay American History. Crowell Publishers; 1974.
- ^ a b Johansson, Warren & Percy, William A (1994), Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence, Haworth Press, p. 92, ISBN 1560244194
Futher reading - Boyd, Nan Alamilla. Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965. University of California Press, 2003.
- Bullough, Vern L. Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context. Harrington Park Press, 2002.
- D'Emilio, John. Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities. University of Chicago Press, 1983.
- Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. New York and London, Garland Publishing, 1990
- Johnson, David. The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Governement. University of Chicago Press, 2004.
- Meeker, Martin. Contacts Desired: Gay and Lesbian Communications and Community, 1940s-1970s. University of Chicago Press, 2006.
- Sears, James T. Behind the Mask of the Mattachine. Harrington Park Press, 2006.
- Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin's Press, 2004.
See also The Radical Faerie community developed in America among Gay men during the 1970s sexual revolution. ...
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