Maulvi Abdul Haq (1870–1961) was the noted Urdu linguist, scholar, writer, researcher and activist who is unanimously celebrated as Baba-i-Urdu (Father of Urdu). He was a champion of the Urdu language and the demand for it to be made the national language of Pakistan. 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under mainlyPersian influence in Central and South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ...

Early life

Haq was born on April 20, 1870 in the village of Hapur, near the city of Meerut in the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), India. Haq developed an affinity for the Urdu, Deccani, Persian and Arabic. He did B.A. from Aligarh Muslim University in 1894 where he found company of some of the savants of that time, including, Shibli Nomani, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Ross Masood, Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Syed Mehmud, Professor Arnold, and Babu Mukharjee. After graduation, Abdul Haq went to Hyderabad Deccan and associated to learning, teaching, translating and upgrading Urdu. Haq was deeply influenced by Sir Syed's political and social views, and learnt English and scientific subjects. Like Khan, Haq saw Urdu as a major cultural and political influence on the life and identity of the Muslims of India. He founded the Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu in 1903 in Aligarh. Professor Arnold become the first president and Shibli Nomani the first secretary.Haq joined the Indian Civil Service under the British Raj, and worked as a chief translator at the Home Department in Delhi, before being appointed as the provincial inspector of schools at Aurangabad in the Central Provinces (now in Maharashtra). In the same year, he was appointed secretary of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, which had been founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1886 for the promotion of education and intellectualism in Muslim society. He become Principal of Osmania College (Aurangabad) and retired in 1930. April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Meerut is an ancient city located to the north-east of New Delhi in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ... United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: اتر پردیش, IPA: ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P., is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... Persian is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Victoria gate, a prominent building at the university Aligarh Muslim University is a university located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Mawlana Shibli Numani (in Arabic: شبلي نعماني) was a famous Indian Muslim scholar (1857 - 1914). ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Ross (r) with Iqbal (l), and Suleman Nadvi Sir Ross Masood (February 15, 1889 - 1937), was the only grandson of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the father of Muslim renaissance in Indian subcontinent . ... Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk (Dec 9, 1837 - 1907), also known as Syed Mehdi Ali was one of the founders of All India Muslim League. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Victoria gate, a part of Aligarh University campus Aligarh (Hindi: अलीगढ़) is a city in Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... Indian Civil Service, popularly known by its acronym ICS, was the elite civil service of the Indian Government. ... The British Empire at its zenith in 1919. ... It has been suggested that National Capital Territory of Delhi be merged into this article or section. ... Aurangabad (औरंगाबाद, from Persian اورنگ‌آباد meaning Built by the Throne, named after Mughal Emporer Aurangazeb) is a city and district in Maharashtra, India. ... A British Raj province comprising British conquests from the Mughals and Marathas in central India. ... Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, literally: Great Nation; IPA: )( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Educational and political activities

Following the establishment of the Osmania University by the Nizam Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII of the Hyderabad State in 1917, Haq moved to Hyderabad to teach and help build the university. All subjects at the university were taught in Urdu, and under Haq's influence the institution became a patron of Urdu and Persian literature and linguistic heritage. Appointed as chairman of the department faculty of Urdu, Haq emerged as a leading literary critic and accomplished writer in the intellectual life of Hyderabad. He published numerous works of Urdu poetry, as well as treatises on linguistics, Islam, history, politics and philosophy. Widely respected as a scholar and teacher, Haq was a scholarly critic who provided criticisms of modern Urdu works and encouraged his students to develop literary skills and appreciation of Urdu. Following his retirement in 1930, Haq worked to compile and edit a comprehensive and authoritative English-Urdu dictionary. Haq was also a leading figure in the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, a Muslim socio-political body of intellectuals. He also led the Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu (Organisation for the Progress of Urdu), which had been founded as a group of Urdu scholars, intellectuals and students. Initially focusing on intellectual subjects and work, in 1930 Haq led the group in protest against a campaign by Indian nationalists to promote the use of Hindi as the national language of India. Haq became a fierce critic of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress, the largest political party in the nation. Suspicious and averse to the Congress and the Indian independence movement, in which Hindus composed a majority of leaders and participants, Haq joined the All India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Osmania University is situated in the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Nizam-ul-Mulk was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad state from 1724 to 1949. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... Hyderabad or Haydarābād (Telugu: హైదరాబాదు Urdu: حیدر آباد ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... The Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, established in 1886, was a more middle class body that represented a spontaneous desire on the part of middle-class Muslims of Lahore to cooperate with each other for common good. ... Map of India. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; Romanized: mohandās karamcaṃd gāndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party or Congress (I), abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... The Indian independence movement consisted of efforts by India to obtain political independence from British, French and Portuguese rule; it involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and Indias independence on August 15, 1947. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India was the driving force behind the creation of a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent. ... Office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai (1892–1893), Rattanbai Petit (1918–1929) Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place...

In Pakistan

Haq supported the Muslim League's demand for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan, which led to the partition of India on August 15, 1947. In November 1947, Haq migrated to Pakistan and settled in Karachi. Amidst the intenese violence and chaotic conditions that accompanied the cross-migration of millions of people, much of Haq's property, especially valuable manuscripts, papers and books were lost during their shipment to Karachi via Lahore. The ordeals of partition and the migration also adversely affected Haq's health. Haq re-organised the Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu in Karachi, launching journals, establishing libraries and schools, publishing a large number of books and promoting Urdu education and linguistic research. Haq's work especially helped preserve the distinct "Old Urdu" linguistic and literary traditions of Hyderabad, known as Hyderabadi Urdu. Haq also used his organisation for political activism, promoting the adoption of Urdu as the lingua franca and sole official language of Pakistan. He criticised the popular movement that had arisen in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to demand the recognition of Bengali, stressing his belief that only Urdu represented Muslim hertiage and should be promoted exclusively in national life. Condemning the 1952 Language movement agitations in East Pakistan, Haq was infuriated by the decision of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan to make Bengali a second official language. With the help of the Anjuman and sympathetic political parties, he organised a major series of public rallies and processions in Lahore and Karachi on April 22, 1954. Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Karachi Towns. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... Hyderabadi Urdu is a dialect of Urdu spoken in Hyderabad, India. ... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) or Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language of East South Asia, evolved from Sanskrit and Prakrit. ... Shaheed Minar, or the Martyrs monument, located near Dhaka Medical College, commemorates the struggle for Bangla language The Language Movement was a cultural and political movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1952. ... The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was formed to write Pakistans constitution, and serve as its first parliament. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Baba-e-Urdu

Despite illnesses and failing health, Haq continued to promote the active use of Urdu as a medium for all activities. He pushed for the creation of a Urdu university, the adoption of Urdu as a medium of instruction for all subjects in educational institutions and worked to organise a national Urdu conference in 1959. Suffering from cancer, Haq died after a prolonged period of incapacitation on August 16, 1961 in Karachi. His most famous works include the English-Urdu dictionary, Chand Ham Asar, Maktoobat, Muqadimat, Tauqeedat, Qawaid-e-Urdu and Debacha Dastan Rani Ketki. The Anjuman Taraqqi-i-Urdu remains an important intellectual organisation in Pakistan. When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Karachi Towns. ...

Pakistan officially commemorates Maulvi Abdul Haq as the Baba-i-Urdu. He is criticised by some historians and scholars for his conservativism and insistence of Urdu as the sole official language, a cause which served to intensify the sectional gulf in Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Held in high esteem amongst intellectuals, educationalists and scholars in Pakistan, Haq is praised for his work in promoting Muslim heritage and Urdu as a unifying medium for Pakistani Muslims. The Bangladesh Liberation War (two other names are also used occasionally) refers to an armed conflict between West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) that lasted for roughly nine months, from 26 March until 16 December 1971. ...

See also

• Urdu language
• Urdu literature
• Aligarh Movement
• Muslim culture of Hyderabad
• Osmania University

The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. ... Sir Syed, the founder of Aligarh movement Aligarh Movement, was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent after their defeat in the freedom struggle of 1857. ... Makkah masjid on the last Friday of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan Muslims praying by the historic Charminar after filling the Makkah Masjid, congregations of more than two hundred thousand pray on special occasions there. ... Osmania University is situated in the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

The nation-state of Pakistan was established in 1947 as one of the two successor states of British India, yet the land and its people possess an extensive and continuous history that can be traced back to very ancient times. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from a strictly British perspective. ... Sir Syed, the founder of Aligarh movement Aligarh Movement, was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent after their defeat in the freedom struggle of 1857. ... The Partition of Bengal in 1905, was made on 16 October by then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. ... In 1916, Mohammed Ali Jinnah a member of Indian National Congress was owned by saif aljashamy he negotiated with Muslim League to reach an agreement to pressurise British Government to have a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country. ... The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ... The Nehru Report (1928) was a memorandum outlining a proposed new Dominion (see dominion status) constitution for India. ... Following are Fourteen Points of Mr. ... Allahabad Address was the Presidential Address by Allama Iqbal to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League on 29 December 1930, at Allahabad. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Two-Nation theory is the basis of creation of todays Pakistan. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. ... // British Commitments to Self-government And so the two sides returned to what from a British perspective was a mundane process of political bargaining, and to what in the Indian view was a freedom struggle that must endure until swaraj arrived indeed. ... All India Muslim League Working Committee, Lahore session, March 1940 The Lahore Resolution, later called Pakistan Resolution, is a political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League on 23 March 1940. ... Indian Muslim nationalism refers to the political and cultural expression of nationalism, founded upon the religious tenets and identity of Islam, of the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. ... The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership, providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations. ... 1. ... The Radcliffe line was the line which drew borders between newly created India and Pakistan. ... The Quran The Objectives Resolution states that the future constitution of Pakistan would be modeled on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam. ... Pakistan Day یوم پاکستان(Urdu) is observed on 14 Augest. ... Aga Khan III, one of the founders of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League (Urdu: مسلم لیگ) was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Rai Ahmed Nawaz Khan Kharal was one of the greatest freedom fighters in the Indian rebellion of 1857. ... Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817 - 1898) Syed Ahmad Khan Bahadur (Urdu:سید احمد خان بہا در ) (October 17, 1817, Delhi - March 27, 1898, Aligarh), was an Indian Muslim educator, jurist, and author, who led the Aligarh Movement which resulted in the formation of the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College, later to blossom into the Aligarh Muslim... Sir Dr Muhammad Iqbal Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: محمد اقبال, Hindi: मुहम्मद इकबाल) (November 9, 1877–April 21, 1938) was an Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as one of the greatest in modern times. ... Office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai (1892–1893), Rattanbai Petit (1918–1929) Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place... Ghulam Murtaza Shah Syed G. M. Syed (Ghulam Murtaza Shah Syed) was a Sindhi activist, Communist revolutionary and sufi. ... Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan Nawabzaada Khan Liaquat Ali Khan (October 1, 1896 – October 16, 1951) was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... Majlis-e-Ittihad-ul-Muslimeen was formed by Muhammad Bahadur Khan to unite various Islamic sects for the solution of their problems within the principle of Islam and to protect the economic, social and educational interests of the Muslims. ... Abdur Rab Nishtar Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (13 June 1899 - 14th February 1958) Muslim League stalwart and Pakstan movement activist Sardar Nishtar was born in Peshawar, NWFP. He completed his early education mission school and later Sanatan Dharram High School in Peshawar. ... Fatima Jinnah (فاطمہ جناح) was the sister of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and an active political figure in freedom movement against British Raj. ... Choudhary Rahmat Ali Choudhary Rahmat Ali (1895 - February 12, 1951) was the reactionary founder of the Pakistan National Movement, and was an early proponent of the formation of Pakistan. ... Note : Do not confuse with Ahmadi Maulana Muhammad Ali , Muhammad Ali ,the Muslim boxer or any other people named Muhammad Ali : Muhammad Ali (disambiguation) Muhammad Ali Jouhar Maulana Mohammad Ali (1878 - 1931), also addressed with the suffix Jauhar, which was his pen name, was an Indian Muslim nationalist and leader... Maulana Shaukat Ali (Born in 1873) is an Indian nationalist Muslim and freedom fighter. ... Zafar Ali Khan Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (1873–1956), was a writer, poet, and journalist who took an important part in Pakistan Movement. ... Khawaja Nazimuddin Khawaja Nazimuddin (Urdu: خواجہ ناظم الدین) (Bengali: খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন)(July 19, 1894 - 1964) was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well. ... Abdul Qayyum Khan Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan (nicknamed the Lion of the Frontier by his supporters) was a major figure in Pakistan politics, in particular in the North West Frontier Province where he served as deputy speaker, Chief Minister and Minister in the Central Government as well as Federal Interior... Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (September 8, 1892 - December 5, 1963) was a politician from Bengal in undivided India, and later in East Pakistan, who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 until 1957. ... Ghulam Ahmad Pervez (1903 - 1986) Allama Ghulam Ahmad Pervez (1903-1986) was a Islamic scholar, one of the leading personalities and activist in the Pakistan movement and is today most known for denying the authority (but not necessarily the authenticity) of the Hadiths and initiating the Tolu-e-Islam movement. ... Shaukat Hayat Khan b. ... Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan was born at Almora in the United Provinces in the year 1905 and was educated at Lucknow. ... Ziauddin Ahmad Suleri (1913-1999) was a notable journalist and writer from Pakistan. ... Hameed Nizami - Founding editor of Nawa-i-Waqt Hameed Nizami (October 3, 1915 - 1962) was an eminent journalist from Pakistan. ... Altaf Husain - Fouding editor of Dawn Altaf Husain was an eminent journalist from Pakistan. ... Muhammad Yusuf Khan Khattak (18 November 1917 – 29 July 1991) was a Pakistan movement activist . ...

References

• Chronicle of Pakistan
• Baba-e-Urdu
• Yaadgar-i-Abdul Haq

External links

• Book depicting Maulvi Haq
• Haq's death anniversary