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Encyclopedia > Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

Incumbent
Assumed office 
11 November 1978
Preceded by Ibrahim Nasir

Born 29 December 1937 (1937-12-29) (age 70)
Nationality Maldivian
Political party Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party
Spouse Nasreena Ibrahim

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (Dhivehi: މައުމޫނު އަބްދުލް ގައްޔޫމް) (born December 29, 1937) has been the President of the Republic of Maldives since November 11, 1978, succeeding Ibrahim Nasir. The President of the Maldives is the ceremonial head of state and first citizen of Maldives and the supreme commander of the Maldivian armed forces. ... Open seat redirects here. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan, NGIV (born 1926) is a Maldivian statesman who served as his countrys Prime Minister under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi (from 1957 to 1968 ) and succeeded him to become the first President of the Second Republic from 1968 to 1978. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (DRP) is an authoritarian political party from the Maldives. ... Nasreena Ibrahim is the First Lady of the Maldives, wife of President Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom. ... Dhivehi or Divehi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 300,000 people in the Republic of Maldives where it is the official language of the country and in the island of Minicoy (Maliku) in neighbouring India where it is known as Mahl. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan, NGIV (born 1926) is a Maldivian statesman who served as his countrys Prime Minister under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi (from 1957 to 1968 ) and succeeded him to become the first President of the Second Republic from 1968 to 1978. ...

Contents

Early life

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom is the son of Abdul Gayoom Ibrahim (Maafaiygey Dhon Seedhi) and Khadheeja Moosa. His father had 25 children by 8 different wives and Gayoom is the 10th in his family. His mother died when he was studying in Cairo, Egypt. Gayoom's father, who died in 1982 at the age of 87, saw the first term of his son's presidency. His father was appointed the chief judge for some time. For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ...


Much of Gayoom's early life was spent in Egypt. He was among the 15 students selected at the direction of the then-president Mohamed Amin Didi for special education overseas. At the age of 10, he left for Egypt on September 15, 1947, with a stopover in Ceylon for a few days. However, his departure from Ceylon was delayed for two and a half years because of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, durring which he completed his secondary education at Royal College, Colombo. When the war ended, he left for Egypt in March 1950 along with other Maldivian students. Order: 1st President Term of office: 1953 – 1953 Preceded by: Sultan Abdul Majeed Succeeded by: Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi Date of birth: Place of birth: First Lady: Political party: Peoples Progress Party Al Ameer Mohamed Amin Dhoshimeynaa Kilegefaanu (އަލްއަމީރު Þ‰ÞªÞ€Þ¦Þ‡Þ°Þ‰Þ¦Þ‹Þ° Þ‡Þ¦Þ‰Þ©Þ‚Þ° ދޮށިމޭނާ ކިލެގެފާނު) (born 19XX) popularly known as Mohamed Amin Didi was a Maldivian political... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා in Sinhala / இலங்கை in Tamil) (known as Ceylon before 1972) is a tropical island nation off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent. ... Combatants  Israel Haganah Irgun Lehi Palmach Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan,  Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen[2], Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength  Israel: 29,677 initially... The Royal College Colombo (commonly known as Royal) was founded in January 1835. ...


Gayoom attended Al-Azhar University in Egypt. He spent six months learning Arabic so he could enroll in the Faculty of Sharia and Civil Law to study for a Diploma of Education. In 1966, he obtained his Bachelor's degree in Islamic Sharia and Civil Law, with honors. Gayoom came out first in the Faculty of Islamic Law and Studies at Al-Azhar University and was awarded his graduation certificate by Gamal Abdel Nasser.He was later awarded Masters degree in Islamic Sharia. He completed English Language course from the American University in Cairo. Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University (Arabic: الأزهر الشريف; al-Azhar al-Shareef, the Noble Azhar), is a premier Egyptian institution of higher learning, world-renowned for its position as a center of Islamic scholarship and education. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... The Diploma of Education, or DipEd as it is often abbreviated, is a qualification awarded after the academic study of Education. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... Nasser redirects here. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... The American University in Cairo (AUC) provides high quality educational opportunities to students from all segments of Egyptian society, as well as from other countries, and contributes to Egypts cultural and intellectual life. ...


When fourteen Maldivian students, under Gayoom's direction, sent a signed letter to Prime Minister (later President) Ibrahim Nasir to reconsider his decision to establish diplomatic ties with Israel, their government-awarded grants were stopped. The students were then financed by the Egyptian government. By the time Gayoom acquired his MA in 1966, the Egyptian government had stopped its funding. As a result, he was unable to complete his PhD. Later, with his marriage, he decided not to go further with his studies. A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan, NGIV (born 1926) is a Maldivian statesman who served as his countrys Prime Minister under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi (from 1957 to 1968 ) and succeeded him to become the first President of the Second Republic from 1968 to 1978. ... Grants are funds given to tax-exempt nonprofit organizations or local governments by foundations, corporations, governments, small business and individuals. ...


As a result of being "blacklisted" by the government for his letter, Gayoom decided not to go home. He spent almost 24 years outside the Maldives except for a brief period in 1964. In 1967, he began working for the American University in Cairo as a research assistant in Muslim History under Professor Marsden Jones for almost 2 years. The American University in Cairo (AUC) provides high quality educational opportunities to students from all segments of Egyptian society, as well as from other countries, and contributes to Egypts cultural and intellectual life. ... Muslim history began in Arabia with Muhammads first recitations of the Quran in the 7th century. ...


In 1965, Gayoom met Nasreena Ibrahim, a student who had just arrived in Cairo from the Maldives for her studies. She was then 15 and Gayoom was 27. Four years later, they married in Cairo, on July 14, 1969. A few weeks after his marriage, he joined Ahmadu Bello University in Kano, Nigeria as a lecturer in Islamic Studies and moved there with Nasreena. In March 20, 1970, at the age of 20, Nasreena gave birth to twins, Dhunya Maumoon and Yumna Maumoon. When Nasreena got pregnant for the second time, it was arranged to send her to Malé. She gave birth to their first son, Farish, in Malé, on March 31, 1971. Nine years later, during Gayoom's presidency, Ghassan was born on June 12, 1980. Nasreena Ibrahim is the First Lady of the Maldives, wife of President Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Ahmadu Bello University is the largest university in West Africa. ... Kano is the administrative center of the Kano State and the third largest city in Nigeria, in terms of geographical size, after Ibadan and Lagos. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dunya Dunya Maumoon is the daughter of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, the current President of the Maldives. ... A pregnant woman Pregnancy is the process by which a mammalian female carries a live offspring from conception until it develops to the point where the offspring is capable of living outside the womb. ... Malé (Dhivehi: މާލެ), (pronounced: Maa-lay) population 81,647 (2004), is the capital of the Republic of Maldives located at the southern edge of North Male Atoll Kaafu Atoll. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...


During his time in Egypt, he had become particularly interested in Egyptian politics. He closely followed the revolutionary movement led by the Muslim Brotherhood and Free Officers Movement of Gamal Abdel Nasser. He attended several public meetings of Muslim Brotherhood where celebrated orators like Sayyid Qutb railed against Britain, imperialism and King Farouk's government. In July 1952, Gayoom was at the Muslim Brotherhood camp, on holiday, when Gamal Abdel Nasser took over in a bloodless military coup. In his book A Man for All Islands, biographer Royston Ellis wrote, "Maumoon regarded it as a privilege to be able to hear Sayyed Qutb". The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... In Egypt, the clandestine revolutionary Free Officers Movement was founded by Colonel Gamal Abdul Nasser in the aftermath of Egypts sense of national disgrace from the War of 1948. ... Nasser redirects here. ... Orator is a Latin word for speaker (from the Latin verb oro, meaning I speak or I pray). In ancient Rome, the art of speaking in public (Ars Oratoria) was a professional competence especially cultivated by politicians and lawyers. ... Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Qutb (IPA pronunciation: []) (also Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, or Sayed; last name also Koteb or Kutb) (Arabic: ; born October 9, 1906[1] – executed August 29, 1966) was an Egyptian author, Islamist, and the leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and 60s. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... For the computer game, see Imperialism (computer game). ... Farouk I of Egypt (Arabic: فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal) ‎ (February 11, 1920 – March 18, 1965), was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936. ... Nasser redirects here. ... A Man for All Islands is a biography about the president of the Maldives Maumoon Abdul Gayoom by biographer Royston Ellis. ... Royston Ellis, one of Englands answers to the American Beat Generation, was born on 10 February 1941 in Pinner, England. ... Sayyid Qutb Sayyid Qutb (IPA pronunciation: []) (also Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, or Sayed; last name also Koteb or Kutb) (Arabic: ; born October 9, 1906[1] – executed August 29, 1966) was an Egyptian author, Islamist, and the leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and 60s. ...


Genealogy

 
 
Ibrahim
 
-------
 
Moosa Didi
 
Maryam Didi
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Abdul Gayoom Ibrahim
 
 
 
 
 
Khadheeja Moosa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom is the son of Khadheeja Didi (Khadheeja Moosa), daughter of Maryam Didi.


Career and politics

When his two year contract with Ahmadu Bello University ended, he returned to the Maldives in 1971?. Three weeks later, he joined Aminiyya School as a teacher of English, arithmetic and Islam. In 1972, he was appointed as the manager of the government shipping department. Aminiyya School is a girls secondary school in Malé, the capital of the Maldives. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...


On March 12, 1973, Gayoom was placed under house arrest for criticising President Ibrahim Nasir's policies. He was tried in court and sentenced to banishment for four years on May 14, 1973. On May 21, he was taken to Makunudhoo Island of Haa Dhaalu Atoll. After serving five months of his sentence, Gayoom was released on October 13, 1973 as a result of Nasir's amnesty following his re-election for another five-year term. is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Makunudhoo is one of the inhabited islands of Haa Dhaalu Atoll. ... Haa Dhaalu Atoll is located in northern Maldives. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Look up Amnesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


In 1974, Gayoom was appointed as under-secretary in the Telecommunications Department. After ten weeks, he was promoted to director of the department. During this period, he worked as a part-time teacher in some private schools, teaching Islam, Arabic and English. Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... Arabic redirects here. ...


On July 28, 1974, Gayoom was again arrested for criticising Nasir's policies. This time he was kept in solitary confinement in a prison in Malé nicknamed "China garden" (Chinese fishermen were once detained there). This prison was later demolished in Gayoom's presidency and Islamic Centre was erected on the site. After 50 days in jail, he was set free in September 1974. is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to as the hole (or in British English the block), is a punishment in which a prisoner is denied contact with any other persons, excluding guards, chaplains and doctors. ... Malé (Dhivehi: މާލެ), (pronounced: Maa-lay) population 81,647 (2004), is the capital of the Republic of Maldives located at the southern edge of North Male Atoll Kaafu Atoll. ... The Islamic Centre, housing the mosque Masjid-al-Sultan Mohammed Thakurufaanu-al-Azam The Islamic Centre is an architectural landmark in Male, Maldives opened in November 1984 by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. ...


Six weeks later, he was appointed as special under-secretary in the office of then Prime Minister Ahmed Zaki. The post of Prime Minister was abolished with the removal and banishment of Ahmed Zaki from office, in March 6, 1975. With this decision, Gayoom's position disappeared as well and he was notified of his dismissal when he was in Colombo. However, when he returned from Colombo, he was made the Deputy Ambassador of the Maldives in Sri Lanka. In 1975, he was sent to the United Nations for two months as a member of the Maldives delegation. Upon his return, he was appointed under-secretary at the department of External Affairs. After nine weeks, he was appointed the Deputy Minister of Transport. One year later, he was tenured at the United Nations from September 1976 to January 1977, until Nasir summoned him back at the end of the UN session. In March 29, 1977, Gayoom was appointed as Minister of Transport, making him a member of Nasir's cabinet. He held the post until November 10, 1978. A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... See Exile (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: , District Colombo District Government  - Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area  - City 37. ... UN redirects here. ... This article is about the handing of a task from a superior to a subordinate. ... The government role of Minister for Transport is common to several countries: The British Secretary of State for Transport The Canadian Minister of Transport The Irish Minister for Transport This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... This article is about the governmental body. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...


Presidency

As Ibrahim Nasir's second term was coming to an end, he wanted someone else running for the presidency. In June 1978, the Citizen's Majlis was called upon to nominate a presidential candidate. 45 voted for Nasir, while the remaining 3 voted for Gayoom. There was another ballot on June 16, in which four people participated. 27 voted for Gayoom, enough for him to be put forward as a candidate. The Majlis of the Maldives is comprised of 48 members. ... For the town in France, see Ballots, Mayenne. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Five months later, he was elected with 92.96% of the votes as the new President of the Maldives. The grand reception of his inauguration was held at Majeediyaa School on the night of November 10, 1978. Since then, he has been re-elected and remains president. In a 1983 referendum, he was re-elected by 96.62%, for a second term. He was last re-elected to a sixth five-year term in October 2003 with 90.28% of the vote; he was the sole candidate, having been chosen by the Majlis. The President of the Maldives is the ceremonial head of state and first citizen of Maldives and the supreme commander of the Maldivian armed forces. ... Name Majeediyya School Country Maldives Founded April 19, 1927 Levels Secondary Colours Red, Green Motto Nihil Labore Difficile Majeediyya School is the first ever Maldivian school. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...


The President of the Maldives is both the Head of Government and Head of State, with very little distinction between the two roles, therefore President Gayoom is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Maldivian armed forces, the Maldives National Defence Force. In a 2007 referendum, voters approved a presidential system with direct election of the president, the option favored by Gayoom, rather than a parliamentary system. MNDF Logo The Maldives National Defence Force (formerly National Security Service), armed forces of Maldives was founded in 1978 after President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom came to power. ... A referendum will be held in the Maldives on 18 August 2007 to decide on whether the country should have a presidential system (as has been the case up to now) or a parliamentary system. ...


Assassination attempt

On January 8, 2008, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom escaped unharmed from an assassination attempt at Hoarafushi by Mohamed Murshid, a twenty-year-old man from the island. Murshid attempted to stab Gayoom with a knife concealed in a Maldives flag. The attempt was foiled when Mohamed Jaisham Ibrahim, a fifteen-year-old Boy Scout from the island, blocked the attack with his bare hands. Jaisham sustained minor injuries during the intervention and was subsequently treated.[1][2][3] is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... badge of The Scout Association of Maldives Maldives has 4,518 Scouts served by The Scout Association of Maldives, founded in 1963 and becoming a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1990. ...


Notable visits and participations

  • The first country Gayoom visited as the president was Libya. His visit in September 1979 to Libya was to participate in a celebration held to mark the 10th anniversary of the September Revolution.
  • In 1981, Gayoom attended the third Islamic Summit Conference of the Organization of the Islamic Conference held in Saudi Arabia. Since then, he has attended every ISC meeting. These have been in Morocco in 1984, in Kuwait in 1987, in Senegal in 1991, in Morocco in 1994 and in Pakistan in 1997.
  • In May 1981, he made state visits to neighboring Asian countries, Singapore and Malaysia.
  • His first visit to a western country, as the president, was on May 10, 1982, to London, England.
  • In October 1982, he participated in the Commonwealth heads of Government Regional Meetings in Fiji.
  • In March 1984, he made a state visit to Sri Lanka to repair the cracked relations with two countries.
  • In 1983, he made a state visit to North Korea. The same year, in October, he made a visit to South Korea. During this visit he was awarded the Grand Order of Mugunghwa, the highest order of the Republic of Korea. He invested the president, Chun Doo Hwan, with the Maldivian order of Nishan Izzuddeen.

For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The flag of the Organ of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Membership in the OIC:  Member Members once temporarily suspended Withdrew Observer Attempted to join but blocked OIC redirects here. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2008. ...

Criticism

Gayoom has been harshly criticized by many for his autocratic rule, and he is widely considered to be a dictator. He has been accused of nepotism, because several family members, in-laws and close relatives of him held high posts in his government and cabinet. According to Amnesty International, in the year 2003, "there were severe restrictions on freedom of the press, and political parties were unable to function." Anti-government riots broke out in the country in September 2003 following a prison shooting incident. Opposition to the president has come in the form of the Maldivian Democratic Party. Political prisoners are often banished to remote atolls. Gayoom was also the defense minister and finance minister of the Maldives for a long time, but gave up these positions on September 1, 2004, following international pressure, and media and public ridicule. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... Look up nepotism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... Building set on fire On Saturday September 20, 2003 civil unrest broke out in Malé, the capital city of the Maldives. ... 2003 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for September, 2003. ... The Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) is a political party from the Maldives. ... A defence minister (Commonwealth English) or defense minister (American English) is a cabinet portfolio (position) which regulates the armed forces in a sovereign nation. ... The finance minister is a cabinet position in a government. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


See also

See Black Friday for other events or terms known by this name. ...

Notes

  1. ^ afp.google.com, Boy Scout saves Maldives president from assassination
  2. ^ cnn.com, Boy Scout foils attack on Maldives president
  3. ^ President's Office, Republic of Maldives, news release

References

A Man for All Islands is a biography about the president of the Maldives Maumoon Abdul Gayoom by biographer Royston Ellis. ... Royston Ellis, one of Englands answers to the American Beat Generation, was born on 10 February 1941 in Pinner, England. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
  • Official site of the Presidency of the Maldives
Political offices
Preceded by
Ibrahim Nasir
President of the Maldives
1978 – present
Incumbent
Preceded by
Unknown
Minister of Transport of the Maldives
19771978
Succeeded by
Unknown
Image File history File links Flag_of_Maldives. ...

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