Maurice, comte de Saxe (German Moritz Graf von Sachsen) (October 28, 1696 – November 30, 1750), Marshal General of France, the natural son of Augustus II of Poland and of the countess Aurora Königsmark, was born at Goslar. Download high resolution version (616x623, 103 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 64 days remaining. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex to... This article needs cleanup. ... Reign From 1697, until 1706 and from 1709, until February 1, 1733 Elected In 1697 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin Anne Sophie Consorts  ? Children August III Sas Maurice de... Map of Germany showing Goslar Goslar is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...

In 1698 the countess sent him to Warsaw to his father, who had been elected King of Poland in the previous year, but on account of the unsettled condition of the country the greater part of his youth was spent outside its limits. This separation from his father made him independent of control and had an important effect on his future career. Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ...

At the age of twelve Saxe was present, with the army of Eugene of Savoy, at the sieges of Tournai and Mons and at the Battle of Malplaquet, but the achievements ascribed to him in this campaign are chiefly fabulous. A proposal to send him at the close of it to a Jesuit college at Brussels was relinquished on account of the protests of his mother, and, returning to the camp of the allies in the beginning of 1710, he displayed a courage so impetuous as to call forth from Eugene the friendly admonition not to confound rashness with valour. Eugene of Savoy (part of a statue in front of the Hofburg in Vienna) François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German (October 16, 1663-April 24, 1736) was a noted general. ... Categories: Belgium-related stubs | Belgian towns | UN World Heritage Sites | Romanesque architecture ... The central square and town hall of Mons This article is about the city in Belgium. ... The Battle of Malplaquet was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on September 11, 1709 between British-Dutch troops, while the French were commanded by Belgian border. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Emblem of the Brussels-Capital Region Flag of The City of Brussels Brussels (Dutch: Brussel, French: Bruxelles, German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium and is considered by many to be the de facto capital of the European Union, as two of its three main institutions have their headquarters... Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 4 - Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (d. ...

Saxe next served under Peter the Great against the Swedes. After receiving in 1711 formal recognition from his father, with the rank of Count, he accompanied him to Pomerania, and in 1712 he took part in the siege of Stralsund. Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (Pyotr Alexeevich) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... Events 24 February -- The London premiere of Rinaldo by George Friderich Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage. ... A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is still a countess. Originally the title comes denoted the rank of a high official in the late Roman Empire: before Anthemius was made emperor in the West in 467, he was... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river... Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... Stralsund is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ...

In manhood Saxe bore a strong resemblance to his father, both in person and character. His grasp was so powerful that he could bend a horse-shoe with his hand, and to the last his energy and endurance were scarcely subdued by the illnesses resulting from his many excesses. In 1714 a marriage was arranged between him and one of the richest of his father's subjects, Johanna Victoria, Countess von Loeben, but he dissipated her fortune so rapidly that he was soon heavily in debt, and, having given her more serious grounds of complaint against him, he consented to an annulment of the marriage in 1721. Meantime, after serving in a campaign against the Turks in 1717, he had in 1719 gone to Paris to study mathematics, and in 1720 obtained a commission as maréchal de camp. In 1725 negotiations were entered into for his election as Duke of Courland, at the instance of the Duchess Anna Ivanovna, who offered him her hand. He was chosen Duke in 1726, but declining marriage with the Duchess found it impossible to resist her opposition to his claims, although, with the assistance of £30,000 lent him by the French actress Adrienne Lecouvreur, whose story forms the subject of Scribe and Legouvé's tragedy, he raised a force by which he maintained his authority till 1727, when he withdrew and took up his residence in Paris. Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance March 2 — Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain shown in Drury Lane The Loves of Mars and Venus March 31 - Bishop Benjamin Hoadly, acting on the advice of King George begins the Bangorian Controversy by saying... Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) Births November 30 - Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Courland, Kurland, Couronia, or Curonia, a former Baltic province of the Teutonic Order state in Livonia (ca. ... The crown of Anna Ioannovna Anna Ivanovna (In Russian: Анна Ивановна) (February 7, 1693 - October 28, 1740) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. ... Events George Friderich Handel becomes a British subject. ... Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... Augustin Eugène Scribe ( December 24, 1791 - February 20, 1861), was a French dramatist and librettist. ... Events June 11 - George, Prince of Wales becomes King George II of Great Britain. ...

After the outbreak of the War of the Polish Succession (1733 - 1735) Saxe served under Marshal Berwick, and for a brilliant exploit at the siege at Philippsburg he was in August named lieutenant-general. In the War of the Austrian Succession he took command of a division of the army sent to invade Austria in 1741, and on November 19, 1741 surprised Prague during the night, and took it by assault before the garrison were aware of the presence of an enemy, a coup de main which made him famous throughout Europe. After capturing the strong fortress of Cheb on April 19, 1742, he received leave of absence, and went to Russia to push his claims for the Duchy of Courland, but obtaining no success he returned to his command. The War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738) was a European war and a Polish civil war, with considerable interference from other countries, to determine the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland, as well as an attempt by the Bourbon powers to check the power of Austria in western... James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21, 1670- June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill. ... Philippsburg is a small town in Germany, in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg. ... The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748). ... Events April 10 – Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz December 19 – Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 – Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius William Browning invents mineral water Elizabeth of Russia became czarina. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Cheb (German: Eger) is a city of about 32,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ...

Saxe's exploits had been the sole redeeming feature in an unsuccessful campaign, and on March 26, 1743 his merits were recognized by his promotion to be Marshal of France. From this time he became one of the first generals of the age. In 1744 he was chosen to command the expedition to Britain on behalf of the Old Pretender, which assembled at Dunkirk but did not proceed farther. After its abortive issue he received an independent command in the Netherlands, and by dexterous manoeuvering succeeded in continually harassing the superior forces of the enemy without risking a decisive battle. March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (86th in leap years). ... Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... The Marshal of France (maréchal de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France. ... Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births May 19 - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III of Great Britain (d. ... Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) who is more commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... Dunkirk (French: Dunkerque; Dutch: Duinkerke) is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the département of Nord, 10 km from the Belgian border. ...

In the following year Saxe besieged Tournai and inflicted a severe defeat on the relieving army of the Duke of Cumberland at the Battle of Fontenoy, an encounter of which the issue was due entirely to his constancy and cool leadership. During the battle he was unable on account of dropsy to sit on horseback except for a few minutes, and was carried about in a wicker chariot. Categories: Belgium-related stubs | Belgian towns | UN World Heritage Sites | Romanesque architecture ... Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (April 15, 1721–October 31, 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. ... The Battle of Fontenoy was fought at Fontenoy in the Austrian Netherlands on May 11, 1745, during the French forces under Hermann Maurice, Count de Saxe (the Maréchal of Saxe, an illegitimate son of King Frederick Augustus I of Poland) were besieging Tournay. ...

In recognition of his brilliant achievement King Louis XV of France conferred on him the Chateau Chambord for life, and in April 1746 he was naturalised as a French subject. Thenceforward to the end of the war he continued to command in the Netherlands, always with success. Besides Fontenoy he added Rocoux (1746) and Lawfeldt or Val (1747) to the list of French victories, and it was under his orders that Marshal Löwendahl captured Bergen op Zoom. He himself won the last success of the war in capturing Maastricht in 1748. In 1747 the title formerly held by Turenne and Villars, "Marshal General of the King's camps and armies", was revived for him. But on November 30, 1750 he died at Chambord "of a putrid fever". In 1748 there had been born to him a daughter, one of several illegitimate children, whose great-granddaughter was George Sand. Louis XV King of France and Navarre Louis XV (February 15, 1710 - May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was king of France from 1715 to 1774. ... The Royal Ch teau at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France, is one of the most recognizable ch teaux in the world because of its very distinct French Renaissance architecture that blends traditional medieval forms with classical Italian structures. ... Events January 8 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling April 16 - Battle of Culloden brings an end to the Jacobite Risings October 22 - The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896) October 28 - An earthquake demolishes Lima and Callao, in Peru Catharine de Ricci (born 1522... Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... Maastricht, also spelled Maestricht, or Mestreech in local dialect, is a municipality, and capital of the province of Limburg. ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Henri de la Tour dAuvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, often referred to as Turenne (September 11, 1611 - July 27, 1675) achieved military fame and became a Marshal of France. ... Marshal Villars of France. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex to... George Sand (portrait by Nadar) Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin, later Baroness Dudevant (July 1, 1804 – June 8, 1876) was a French novelist and early feminist (prior to the invention of the word), writing under the pen name of George Sand. ...

Saxe wrote a remarkable work on the art of war, Mes Réveries, which though described by Carlyle as "a strange military farrago, dictated, as I should think, under opium", is in fact a classic. It was published posthumously in 1757. His Lettres et mémoires choisis appeared in 1794. His letters to his sister, the Princess of Holstein, preserved at Strassburg, were destroyed by the bombardment of that place in 1870. Thirty copies had, however, been printed from the original. Many previous errors in former biographies were corrected and additional information supplied in Carl von Weber's Moritz Graf von Sachsen, Marschall von Frankreich, nach archivalischen Quellen (Leipzig, 1863), in Saint-René Taillandier's Maurice de Saxe, étude historique d'après les documents des archives de Dresde (1865) and in CF Vitzthum's Maurice de Saxe (Leipzig, 1861). See also the military histories of the period, especially Carlyle's Frederick the Great. Thomas Carlyle, Scottish essayist and historian. ... Opium is a narcotic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy . ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses of the word, see Holstein Holstein (Hol-shtayn) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider and the Schlei firth. ... Strasbourg townscape Strasbourg (German Straßburg, road to castle, Alsatian Strossburi) is the capital and principal city of the Alsace région of northeastern France. ... 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Carl Maria Friedrich Ernest von Weber ( November 18, 1786 – June 5, 1826) was a German composer, born at Eutin, near Lübeck. ... Saint-René Taillandier (16 December 1817 - 22 February 1879) was a French writer and critic. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ...

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...