Max Abraham (March 26, 1875 - November 16, 1922) was a German physicist.

Abraham was born in Danzig, Germany (now Gdansk, Poland) to a family of Jewish merchants. He attended the University of Berlin, studying under Max Planck until he graduated in 1897. For the next three years, Abraham worked as Planck's assistant.

From 1890 to 1899, Abraham worked at Göttingen as a privatdozent, an unpaid lecturing position.

Abraham developed his theory of the electron in 1902, in which he hypothesized that the electron was a perfect sphere with a charge divided evenly around its surface. Hendrik Lorentz and Albert Einstein developed a different theory in 1904, which would later become more widely accepted; nevertheless, Abraham never gave up believing that his views were correct, since in his eyes they were based on "common sense".

In 1909 Abraham travelled to the United States to accept a position at the University of Illinois, but ended up returning to Göttingen after a few months. He was later invited to Italy by Tullio Levi-Civita, and found work as the professor of rational mechanics at the University of Milan until 1914.

At the start of World War I, Abraham was forced to return to Germany. During this time he worked on the theory of radio transmission. After the war, he was not allowed back into Milan, so until 1921 he worked at Stuttgart as the professor of physics at Technische Hochschule.

After his work at Stuttgart, Abraham accepted the position of chair in Aachen; however, before he started his work there he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He died on November 16, 1922 in Munich, Germany.