Max Ernst
Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning in 1948
Born	April 2, 1891(1891-04-02) Brühl, Germany
Died	April 1, 1976 (aged 84) Paris, France
Nationality	German
Field	painting, sculpture, poetry
Movement	Dada, Surrealism

Max Ernst (2 April 1891 - 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet, considered one of the chief representatives of Dadaism and Surrealism. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Tannings Etched Murmurs (etching) 1984 Dorothea Tanning (born 25 August 1910) is an American painter, printmaker, sculptor and writer. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Brühl is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Sculptor redirects here. ... This article is about the art form. ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Max Ernst. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... Sculptor redirects here. ... Graphic design is the applied art of arranging image and text to communicate a message. ... Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1881). ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Max Ernst. ...

Early life

Max Ernst was born in Brühl, Germany, near Cologne. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned the courses. He began painting that year, but never received any formal artistic training.^[1] Brühl is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. ... For other uses, see Cologne (disambiguation). ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. ...

Max Ernst in 1909

During World War I he served in the German army, which was a momentous interruption in his career as an artist. He stated in his autobiography, "Max Ernst died the 1st of August, 1914." Photograph of the German painter Max Ernst taken in 1909. ... Photograph of the German painter Max Ernst taken in 1909. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Dada & Surrealism

After the war, filled with new ideas, Ernst, Jean Arp and social activist Alfred Grünwald, formed the Cologne, Germany Dada group. In 1918 he married the art historian Luise Straus - a stormy relationship that would not last. The couple had a son who was born in 1920, the artist Jimmy Ernst. (Luise died in Auschwitz in 1944.^[2]) In 1919 Ernst visited Paul Klee and created paintings, block prints and collages, and experimented with mixed media. Hans (Jean) Arp (September 16, 1886 – June 7, 1966) was a German-French sculptor, painter, and poet. ... Johannes Theodor Baargeld, pseudonym of Alfred Emanuel Ferdinand Grünwald (9 October 1892 - 9 October 1927), was a German painter and poet who, together with Max Ernst, founded the Cologne Dada group. ... For other uses, see Cologne (disambiguation). ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Jimmy Ernst (born Hans-Ulrich Ernst) (June 24, 1920 - February 6, 1984) was an American painter born in Germany. ... Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ... “Klee” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Collage (disambiguation). ... An example of a mixed media work: Untitled (1963) by Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), 45X18. ...

In 1922, he joined fellow Dadaists André Breton, Gala, Tristan Tzara, Paul Éluard at the artistic community of Montparnasse.^[1] Constantly experimenting, in 1925 he invented a graphic art technique called frottage, which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images. André Breton André Breton (French IPA: ) (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. ... Salvador Dalí, Galarina, 1944. ... Tristan Tzara () (April 16, 1896 – December 25, 1963) was a Romanian poet and essayist. ... It appears that this entire article has been copied and pasted from http://www. ... In art, frottage (from French frotter to rub) is a surrealist and automatic method of creative production developed by Max Ernst. ...

Max Ernst, Ubu Imperator, (1921), Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France

The next year he collaborated with Joan Miró on designs for Sergei Diaghilev. With Miró's help, Ernst pioneered grattage in which he troweled pigment from his canvases. He also explored with the technique of decalcomania which involves pressing paint between two surfaces.^[3] Image File history File links Ubu_Imperator. ... Image File history File links Ubu_Imperator. ... The Pompidou Centres famous external skeleton of service pipes. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Joan Miró i Ferrà (April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983) was a Spanish (Catalan) painter, sculptor, and ceramist born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain to the family of a Goldsmith and Watchmaker. ... Portrait of Sergei Diaghilev by Valentin Serov (1904) Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Russian: / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev), also referred to as Serge, (March 31, 1872 – August 19, 1929) was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes from which many famous dancers and choreographers would later arise. ... Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature utilizes numerous unique techniques and games to provide inspiration. ... Decalcomania is a surrealist technique originated by Oscar Dominguez (and called by him decalcomania with no preconceived object) in 1936 in which gouache is spread thinly on a sheet of paper or other surface (glass has been used), which is then pressed onto another surface such as a canvas. ...

Max Ernst, Europe After the Rain II, (1940-1942)

Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work. His alter ego in paintings, which he called Loplop, was a bird. He suggested this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans. He said his sister was born soon after his bird died. Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists' work, such as Loplop presents André Breton. Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses: André Breton, Paul Éluard, and the Painter.^[4] In 1927 he married Marie-Berthe Aurenche, and it is thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of The Kiss and other works of this year.^[5] In 1930, he appeared in the film "L'age d'or" directed jointly by Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel. Ernst began to make sculpture in 1934, and spent time with Alberto Giacometti. In 1938, the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernst's works which she displayed in her new museum in London. Image File history File links Europe_After_the_Rain. ... Image File history File links Europe_After_the_Rain. ... Loplop is the name of bird/birdlike character featured in prints, collages and paintings by surrealist Max Ernst. ... LÂge dOr (The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel and written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí. The film was financed to the tune of a million francs by the nobleman Vicomte de Noailles, who commissioned a film every year for his... Cat by Alberto Giacometti, 1954, Metropolitan Museum of Art Alberto Giacometti (October 10, 1901 – January 11, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, and printmaker. ... Generally, patronage is the act of supporting or favoring some person, group, or institution. ... Peggy Guggenheim (August 26, 1898 – December 23, 1979) was an American art collector. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

World War II and after

Max Ernst, L'Ange du Foyer, (1937)

With the outbreak of World War II, Ernst was arrested by French authorities as a "hostile alien". Thanks to the intercession of Paul Eluard, and other friends including the journalist Varian Fry he was discharged a few weeks later. Soon after the Nazi occupation of France, he was arrested again, this time by the Gestapo, but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Guggenheim.^[1] He left behind his lover, Leonora Carrington, and she suffered a major mental breakdown. Ernst and Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married the following year. Along with other artists and friends (Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City, Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism. Image File history File links L'Ange_du_Foyeur. ... Image File history File links L'Ange_du_Foyeur. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Paul Éluard was the nom de plume of Eugène Grindel (December 14, 1895 - November 18, 1952), a French poet. ... Varian Mackey Fry (October 15, 1907–September 13, 1967) was a New York-born American journalist who ran a rescue network in Vichy France that helped approximately 2,000 anti-Nazi and Jewish refugees to escape the Nazis. ... Leonora Carrington (born April 6, 1917 in Clayton Green, Lancashire, England - ) is a British-born Mexican novelist and surrealist painter. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Marcel Duchamp (pronounced ) (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955) whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Jackson Pollock, No. ...

His marriage to Guggenheim did not last, and in Beverly Hills, California in October of 1946, in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet Browner, he married Dorothea Tanning. The couple first made their home in Sedona, Arizona. In 1948 Ernst wrote the treatise Beyond Painting. As a result of the publicity, he began to achieve financial success. Beverly Hills redirects here. ... For other uses, see Man Ray (disambiguation). ... Tannings Etched Murmurs (etching) 1984 Dorothea Tanning (born 25 August 1910) is an American painter, printmaker, sculptor and writer. ... For the Kia Motors Sedona automobile, see Kia Carnival // Sedona (pronounced ) is a city and community that straddles the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona. ...

In 1953 he and Tanning moved to a small town in the south of France where he continued to work. The City, and the Galeries Nationales du Grand-Palais in Paris published a complete catalogue of his works.

Ernst died on 1 April 1976, in Paris.^[1] He was interred there at the Père Lachaise Cemetery is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Looking down the hill at the Père-Lachaise cemetery The cimetière du Père-Lachaise (pronounced pierre la-sh-ez) is the largest cemetery in the city of Paris (there are larger cemeteries in Paris suburbs). ...

Selected works

Ernst sculpture on display at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark

Max-Ernst-Museum Brühl

• Trophy, Hypertrophied (1919)
• Aquis Submersus (1919)
• Little Machine Constructed by Minimax Dadamax in Person (1919-1920)
• The Hat Makes the Man (1920)
• Murdering Airplane (1920)
• The Elephant Celebes (1921)
• Pietà or Revolution by Night (1923)
• Forest and Dove (1927)
• The Wood (1927)
• Loplop Introduces Loplop (1930)
• Une Semaine de Bonté (1934)

Louisiana (outside) Louisiana (inside) The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art is located directly at the shore of the Øresund in Humlebæk about 35 kilometers north of Copenhagen in Denmark. ... Image File history File links Max-Ernst-Museum_02. ... Image File history File links Max-Ernst-Museum_02. ... Trophy, Hypertrophied (1919) is a work of art by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... Aquis Submersus (1919) is a painting by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... Little Machine Constructed by Minimax Dadamax in Person (1919-20) is a mixed-media work of art by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... The Hat Makes the Man (1920) is a collage by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... Murdering Airplane (1920) is a collage by the German dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... The Elephant Celebes (also known as Celebes) (1921) is a painting by the German Dadaist/surrealist Max Ernst. ... Pietà or Revolution by Night (1923) is a painting by German surrealist Max Ernst. ... Forest and Dove (1927) is a painting by the German surrealist Max Ernst. ... The Wood The Wood (1927) is a painting by the German surrealist Max Ernst. ... Loplop is the name of bird/birdlike character featured in prints, collages and paintings by surrealist Max Ernst. ...

Ernst in modern culture

• Many of Ernst's works from Une Semaine de Bonté are used in albums by American rock group The Mars Volta, and Barefoot In The Head, a collaboration between guitarist Thurston Moore and saxophonists Jim Sauter and Don Dietrich of Borbetomagus, features a collage from this same book.
• The American rock group Mission of Burma titled two songs after the artist: "Max Ernst" was the b-side of their first 1978 single (now included on the CD of Signals, Calls and Marches), mentioning two of Ernst's paintings (The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus and Garden Airplane-Trap) and ending with the words "Dada dada dada ..." repeated many times and distorted via tape loop; their 2002 album OnOffOn features "Max Ernst's Dream".

The Mars Volta is an American rock group founded by Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Omar Rodriguez-Lopez, Isaiah Ikey Owens and Jeremy Michael Ward in 2001. ... Thurston Joseph Moore (born July 25, 1958 in Coral Gables, Florida) is an American musician best known as a singer, songwriter, guitarist and tallest member of the band Sonic Youth. ... Jim Sauter is a saxophanist and founding member of New York City based improvisational group Borbetomagus. ... Don Dietrich is a saxophonist and founding member of New York City based improvisational group, Borbetomagus. ... Borbetomagus are a free improvisation group. ... Mission of Burma is a post-punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, USA comprising guitarist Roger Miller, bassist Clint Conley and drummer Peter Prescott, with Bob Weston (originally Martin Swope) as tape manipulator and sound engineer. ... Signals, Calls and Marches is an EP by the band Mission of Burma. ... Tape loops are loops of prerecorded magnetic tape used to create repetitive, rhythmic musical patterns. ...

Legacy

Ernst's son Jimmy and his grandson Eric are both artists and writers. Jimmy Ernst died in 1984 and was a well known German/American abstract expressionist painter, who lived on the south shore of Long Island. His memoirs, A Not-So-Still Life, were published shortly before his death. Jimmy Ernst (born Hans-Ulrich Ernst) (June 24, 1920 - February 6, 1984) was an American painter born in Germany. ... American post-World War II art movement. ... This article is about the island in New York State. ...

References

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ... The Bodley Gallery was a prominent art gallery in New York City from the 1940s through the 1980s. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Max Ernst

• Max-Ernst Museum Brühl
• Max Ernst collection The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)
• Max Ernst works and biography Olga's Gallery
• Max Ernst works and biography Galerie Ludorff
• Max Ernst gallery Ten Dreams
• "Max Ernst, will-o'-the-wisp" Max Ernst explained to younger generation, Gilbert-Rts
• Max Ernst facts Artfacts.Net