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Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wə/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. He was the fifth player to become World Chess Champion (1935–1937). Euwe also served as President of the World Chess Federation (FIDE) from 1970-1978. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA) - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 km² (84. ...
Motto (French) Ik zal handhaven(Dutch) I shall stand fast1 Anthem Het Wilhelmus Netherlands() – on the European continent() – in the European Union() [] Capital (and largest city) Amsterdam2 Official languages Dutch3 Ethnic groups 80. ...
is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...
Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA) - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 km² (84. ...
Motto (French) Ik zal handhaven(Dutch) I shall stand fast1 Anthem Het Wilhelmus Netherlands() – on the European continent() – in the European Union() [] Capital (and largest city) Amsterdam2 Official languages Dutch3 Ethnic groups 80. ...
The title International Grandmaster is awarded to superb chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. It is a lifetime title, in chess literature usually abbreviated as GM or IGM (this is in contrast to WGM for Woman Grandmaster and IM for International Master). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...
1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...
Chess is a recreational and competitive game for two players. ...
The title International Grandmaster is awarded to superb chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. It is a lifetime title, in chess literature usually abbreviated as GM or IGM (this is in contrast to WGM for Woman Grandmaster and IM for International Master). ...
Leonhard Euler, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The World Chess Federation, Inc. ...
Early years Dr Max Euwe was born in Watergraafsmeer, near Amsterdam. He studied mathematics at the University of Amsterdam, earning his doctorate in 1926 [1], and taught mathematics, first in Rotterdam, and later at a girls' Lyceum in Amsterdam. He applied his knowledge of mathematics to the question of infinite chess games, using the Thue-Morse sequence. The Watergraafsmeer is a polder in The Netherlands. ...
Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA) - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 km² (84. ...
Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ...
From Athenaeum Illustre to University In January 1632 two internationally acclaimed scientists, Caspar Barlaeus and Gerardus Vossius, held their inaugural speech in the Athenaeum Illustre - the illustrious school - which had its seat in the 14th-century Agnietenkapel. ...
Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Government - Mayor Ivo Opstelten - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1] - City 319 km² (123. ...
Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA) - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 km² (84. ...
In mathematics and its applications, the Thue-Morse sequence, or Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence, is a certain binary sequence whose initial segments alternate (in a certain sense). ...
Early career He won every Dutch chess championship that he participated in from 1921 until 1952, and additionally won the title in 1955. The only other winners during this period were Salo Landau (1936) and Hein Donner (1954). Altogether he won the title a record 12 times. He became the world amateur chess champion in 1928, at The Hague, with a score of 12/15. Winner list: 2004 Loek van Wely 2003 Loek van Wely 2002 Loek van Wely 2001 Loek van Wely 2000 Loek van Wely 1999 Predrag Nikolic 1998 Ivan Sokolov 1997 Predrag Nikolic 1996 Jan Timman 1995 Ivan Sokolov 1994 Jeroen Piket 1993 Paul van der Sterren 1992 Jeroen Piket 1991 Jeroen...
Salo Landau (1903–1944) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. ...
Johannes Hendrikus Jan Hein Donner (July 6, 1927 - November 27, 1988) was a Dutch chess player. ...
Euwe played many matches against strong players, from the early 1920s to the mid 1930s. He had a family with three children, so his competitive chess was reduced from what most of the professionals were playing. He could only play on school vacations, so this limited his tournament opportunities. But his playing strength gradually increased, so that by the early 1930s, he was among the top half-dozen players in the world. He lost narrowly to former World Champion Jose Raul Capablanca in a match played in The Netherlands in 1931. José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a famous Cuban chess player in the early to mid twentieth century. ...
At Zürich 1934, Euwe finished second, behind only World Champion Alexander Alekhine, and he defeated Alekhine in their game. Alekhine was in an eight-year stretch, from 1927-35, where he lost only six games in tournament play. View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop Zürich (German: , Zürich German: Züri , French: , in English generally Zurich, Italian: ) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin or Alechin) (IPA: ; Russian: ; other members of his family pronounce it , French: Alexandre Alekhine) (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a Russian-born naturalized French chess grandmaster (officially naturalized in 1927 only three days before the World Champion...
World Champion On December 15, 1935 after 30 games played in 13 different cities around The Netherlands over a period of 80 days, he defeated Alekhine, by 15.5-14.5, becoming the 5th World Chess Champion. His title gave a huge boost to chess in The Netherlands. is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...
The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ...
Euwe's win was a major upset, and is sometimes attributed to Alekhine's alcoholism. However, Euwe's performances in the great tournaments of Nottingham 1936 and the 1938 AVRO tournament indicate he was a worthy champion, even if he was not as dominant as the earlier champions. Reuben Fine wrote, "In the two years before the return match, Euwe's strength increased. Although he never enjoyed the supremacy over his rivals that his predecessors had, he had no superiors in this period."[1] Nottingham, 1936 is often considered one of the strongest chess tournaments of all time, reminiscent of the unsurpassed quality of the of the first great Hastings tournament of 1895. ...
The AVRO tournament was a chess tournament held in 1938. ...
Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 - March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world during the 1930s. ...
Euwe lost the title to Alekhine in a rematch in 1937, also played in The Netherlands, by a rather one-sided margin of 15.5-9.5. Alekhine had given up alcohol to prepare for the rematch, although he would start drinking again later. Alekhine got back to the sort of form he had shown from 1927-1935, when he dominated chess.
The two world title matches against Alekhine represent the heart of Euwe's career. Altogether, the two played 86 competitive games, and Alekhine had a +28 -20 =38 lead, according to chessgames.com. Many of Alekhine's wins came early in their series; he was nine years older, and had more experience during that time. Then in the return match, Alekhine won by six points. So, during the period 1925-1935, the two were very closely matched.
Later career Euwe played in the AVRO tournament of 1938 in The Netherlands, which featured the world's top eight players. He finished equal fourth (as did Alekhine). He also had a major organizational role in the event. The AVRO tournament was a chess tournament held in 1938. ...
He played a match with Paul Keres in The Netherlands in 1939-40, losing 8-6. Paul Keres Paul Keres (born January 7, 1916, in Narva, Estonia; died June 5, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland) was an Estonian chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ...
After Alekhine's death in 1946, Euwe was considered by some to have a moral right to the position of world champion, based at least partially on his clear second place finish in the great tournament at Groningen in 1946, behind Mikhail Botvinnik. But Euwe consented to participate in five-player tournament to select the new champion, the World Chess Championship 1948. However at 47, Euwe was significantly older than the other players, and well past his best, and he finished last. Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province Groningen Area (2006) - Municipality 83. ...
Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ...
The 1948 World Chess Championship was a tournament played to determine a new World Chess Champion following the death of the previous champion Alexander Alekhine in 1946. ...
His final major tournament was the Candidates' Tournament in Zurich, 1953, in which he finished next to last. The Candidates Tournament was a triannual chess tournament organized by the world chess federation FIDE as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. ...
Location within Switzerland Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ...
He played for The Netherlands in a total of seven chess Olympiads, from 1927 to 1962, a 35-year-span, always on first board. He scored 10.5/15 at London 1927, 9.5/13 at Stockholm 1937 for a bronze medal, 8/12 at Dubrovnik 1950, 7.5/13 at Amsterdam 1954, 8.5/11 at Munich 1958 for a silver medal at age 57, 6.5/16 at Leipzig 1960, and finally 4/7 at Varna 1962. His aggregate was 54.5/87 for 62.6 per cent. An Olympiad is a period of four years between two celebrations of the Olympic Games. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Nickname: Location of Stockholm in northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Sweden Municipality Stockholm Municipality County Stockholm Province Södermanland and Uppland Charter 13th century Government - Mayor Kristina Axén Olin (m) Population (March 2007) - City 786,509 - Density 4,160/km² (10,774. ...
Nickname: 1995 map of Dubrovnik The location of Dubrovnik within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia County Dubrovnik-Neretva county Government - Mayor Dubravka Å uica (HDZ) Area - City 143. ...
Nickname: Motto: Heldhaftig, Vastberaden, Barmhartig (Valiant, Determined, Compassionate) Location of Amsterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province North Holland Government - Mayor Job Cohen (PvdA) - Aldermen Lodewijk Asscher Hennah Buyne Carolien Gehrels Tjeerd Herrema Maarten van Poelgeest Marijke Vos - Secretary Erik Gerritsen Area [1][2] - City 219 km² (84. ...
For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ...
Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ...
Position of Varna in Bulgaria Coordinates: , Country Bulgaria Province Varna Province Government - Mayor Kiril Yordanov Area - City 205 km² (79. ...
In 1957 Euwe played a short match against 14-year-old future world champion Bobby Fischer, winning one game and drawing the other. His lifetime score against Fischer was +1-1=1. Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born chess Grandmaster and in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer to become the official World Chess Champion. ...
According to Arnold Denker, writing in his book The Bobby Fischer I Knew And Other Stories, with his co-author Larry Parr, Euwe won a total of 102 first prizes in tournaments during his career. While it is true that many of those were local and were not that strong, the total is very impressive, considering that Euwe was never a true professional player. Arnold Sheldon Denker (February 20, 1914 – January 2, 2005) was an American chess player. ...
FIDE President From 1970 (when he was 69 years old) until 1978, he was president of the FIDE, and played an important role in organising the famous 1972 World Chess Championship match between Boris Spassky and Bobby Fischer. He died in 1981, age 80, revered around the chess world for his many contributions. He had travelled extensively while FIDE President, bringing many new members to the organization. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The World Chess Championship match between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky in ReykjavÃk, Iceland 1972, has been dubbed the Match of the Century. ...
Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij) (Russian: ) (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess player and former world champion. ...
Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born chess Grandmaster and in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer to become the official World Chess Champion. ...
Other He also wrote many books on chess, of which the most famous are Oordeel en Plan (Judgement and Planning), and a series about the opening (Chess Archives).
In Amsterdam there is a Max Euwe Plein (square) (near the Leidseplein), where the 'Max Euwe Stichting' is located in an old jailhouse. It has a Max Euwe museum and a large collection of chess books. NOTE: a recent visit to Amsterdam (Oct/2006) shows that while the large chess set and statue is still at Max Euwe Plein, the museum no longer is. Brief web research shows that it moved to a new location in Amsterdam due to a large rent increase. The Leidseplein is a major square of Amsterdam full of bars and restaurants. ...
His granddaughter, Esmee Lammers, has written a children's book called Lang Leve de Koningin (Long live the Queen), which is popular among the youth. It is a fairytale about a young girl who learns to play chess and at the same time finds her father. Lammers filmed the story in 1995. (IMDB Entry)
Notable chess games - Max Euwe vs Efim Bogolyubov, Budapest 1921, French Defence, MacCutcheon Variation (C12), 1-0 With wins like these, the 20-year-old Euwe was building his strength and experience.
- Max Euwe vs Geza Maroczy, Bad Aussee match 1921, game 4, King's Gambit Declined (C30), 1-0 The great Maroczy was a bit past his peak by this stage, spotting Euwe 31 years.
- Siegbert Tarrasch vs Max Euwe, Amsterdam 1923, King's Indian Defence (E90), 0-1 In a battle of the two great amateurs, Euwe foreshadows what is to come with the King's Indian Defence in the years ahead.
- Sir George Thomas vs Max Euwe, Karlsbad 1923, English Opening, Symmetrical Variation (A31), 0-1 In a very sharp tactical game, Euwe displays a style which would become very popular in upcoming years.
- Frank Marshall vs Max Euwe, Bad Kissingen 1928, Torre Attack, King's Fianchetto Defence (A48), 0-1 Euwe again adopts a kingside fianchetto to take off the legendary attacker Marshall.
- Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, Zurich 1934, Queen's Gambit (D31), 1-0 White unleashes a lovely tactic with his 31st move.
- Mikhail Botvinnik vs Max Euwe, Hastings 1934-35, Caro-Kann Defence, Panov-Botvinnik Attack (B13), 0-1 The young Soviet Botvinnik was playing his first tournament in the West, and adopts his favourite line, to no avail.
- Alexander Alekhine vs Max Euwe, Amsterdam 1936, Four Knights' Game (C49), 0-1 Euwe comes out on top after a very hard-fought endgame.
- Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, Zandvoort-Wch 1935 (26th game of the match), Dutch (A90), 1-0 Game called "The Pearl of Zandvoort"; the decisive victory of the match and at the same time a beautiful demonstration of the strength of passed pawns.
- Paul Keres vs Max Euwe, Zandvoort 1936, French Defense: Advance Variation. Nimzowitsch System (C02), 0-1 Struggle around the advanced White Pe5 transforms into an attack against the White King.
- Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, World Championship Match 1937, game 17, Slav Defence, Czech Variation (D19),(1-0) Outstanding precision by the champion.
- Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, World Championship Match 1937, game 29, Queen's Gambit (D40), 1-0 Alekhine called this game Euwe's best of the entire series.
- Yefim Geller vs Max Euwe, Zurich (candidates tournament) 1953 Nimzo-Indian Defense, Saemisch Variation, 0-1 Geller tries to smash Euwe off the board, but Euwe sacrifices a rook for a deadly counterattack.
- Max Euwe vs Robert James Fischer, New York m 1957, Queen's Gambit Declined, Exchange Variation (D35), 1-0 The ex-champion teaches the future champion how to attack in a very witty short game.
Quotations - "Strategy requires thought; tactics requires observation." - Max Euwe
- "Does the general public, do even our friends the critics realize that Euwe virtually never made an unsound combination? He may, of course, occasionally fail to take account of an opponent's combination, but when he has the initiative in a tactical operation his calculation is impeccable." – Alexander Alekhine
- "If Richard Reti was interested only in the exceptions to positional rules, then Max Euwe believed perhaps a little too much in their immutability." – Alexander Alekhine
- "He is logic personified, a genius of law and order. One would hardly call him an attacking player, yet he strides confidently into some extraordinarily complex variations." – Hans Kmoch
- "Euwe can only breathe freely when he is smothered in work." – Hans Kmoch
- "Euwe resting would not be Euwe. His star is work, work, and more work. Work is his entertainment, his strength and his destiny." – Hans Kmoch
- "There's something wrong with that man. He's too normal." – Bobby Fischer
Hans Kmoch is an influential chess author. ...
References - ^ The World's Great Chess Games, Reuben Fine, (McKay, 1976), p.200
Edward Winter is a noted journalist and author about chess. ...
Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 - March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world during the 1930s. ...
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