The MaxPlanckInstitutes operate independently from, though in close cooperation with, the universities, and focus on innovative research which does not fit into the university structure due to their interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary nature or which require resources that cannot be met by the state universities.
The MaxPlanck Society was founded in Göttingen after World War II in 1948 as the successor organization to the Prussian Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft, which was established in 1911 as an non-governmental research organization named for the then German emperor.
MaxPlanckInstitute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Golm b.
From 1990 to 2003 he was employed at the MaxPlanckInstitute for Nuclear Physics, the MaxPlanckInstitute for ExtraterrestrialPhysics, the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington and the University of Jena.
From 1981-1992 he was affiliated with the MaxPlanckInstitute for Chemistry in Mainz and the Universities of Frankfurt, Karlsruhe and Tempe (Arizona), supported by various postdoctoral positions, a Heisenberg stipend, and a MaxPlanck research position.
At the MaxPlanckInstitute for Solar System Research he is involved mainly in observational studies of comets with the Giotto space probe and ground-based telescopes.