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The maxillary central incisor is usually the most visible tooth, since it is the top center two teeth in the front of a mouth, and it is located mesial (closer to the midline of the face) to the maxillary lateral incisor. As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication, commonly known as chewing. There are no cusps on the teeth. Instead, the surface area of the tooth used in eating is called an incisal ridge or incisal edge. Though relatively the same, there are some minor differences between the deciduous (baby) maxillary central incisor and that of the permanent maxillary central incisor. The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ...
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
The maxillary canine is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary lateral incisors of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary first premolars. ...
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ...
Molar 47 (left), molar 46 and premolar 45(right) Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. ...
The mandible (inferior maxillary bone) (together with the maxilla) is the largest and strongest bone of the face. ...
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
The mandibular central incisor is the tooth located adjacent to the midline of the face and is mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors. ...
The mandibular lateral incisor is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both mandibular central incisors of the mouth and mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both manibular canines. ...
The mandibular canine is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors of the mouth but mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first premolars. ...
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ...
The mandibular first premolar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular canines of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second premolars. ...
The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars. ...
Molar 47 (left), molar 46 and premolar 45(right) Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. ...
The mandibular first molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second molars. ...
The mandibular second molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular third molars. ...
The mandibular third molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second molars of the mouth with no tooth posterior to it in permanent teeth. ...
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. ...
Faces of Mother, Child. ...
Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
Shear is a form of structural failure. ...
Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is torn and/or crushed by teeth. ...
In common parlance, a cusp is an important moment usually regarded as a decision point upon which consequent events are determined. ...
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Notation
In the universal system of notation, the deciduous maxillary central incisors are designated by a letter written in uppercase. The right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as "E", and the left one is known as "F". The international notation has a different system of notation. Thus, the right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as "51", and the left one is known as "61".
In the universal system of notation, the permanent maxillary central incisors are designated by a number. The right permanent maxillary central incisor known as "8", and the left one is known as "9". In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right central incisor would have the same number, "8", but the right one would have the symbol, "┘", underneath it, while the left one would have, "└". The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent maxillary central incisor is known as "11", and the left one is known as "21".
Deciduous dentition The overall length of the deciduous maxillary central incisor is 16 mm on average, with the crown being 6 mm and the root being 10 mm (Ash p.75). In comparison to the permanent maxillary central incisor, the ratio of the root length to the crown length is greater in the deciduous tooth. The diameter of the crown mesiodistally is greater than the length cervicoincisally, which makes the tooth appear wider rather than taller from a labial viewpoint.
Permanent dentition
Defining attributes The permanent maxillary central incisor is the widest tooth mesiodistally in comparison to any other anterior tooth. It is larger than the neighboring lateral incisor and is usually not as convex on its labial surface. As a result, the central incisor appears to be more rectangular or square in shape. The mesial incisal angle is sharper than the distal incisal angle. When this tooth is newly erupted into the mouth, the incisal edges have three rounded features called mammelons. Mammelons disappear with time as the enamel wears away by friction.
Generally, there are gender differences in the appearance of this tooth. In males, the size of the maxillary central incisor is larger usually than in females. Gender differences in enamel thicknes and dentin width are low. Age differences in the gingival incisal length of maxillary central incisors are seen and are attributed to normal attrition occuring throughout life. Thus, younger individuals have a greater gingival incisal length of the teeth than older individuals. Attrition may have multiple meanings: From a military standpoint, attrition means a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through retirement, resignation, or death. ...
Labial view The labial view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side where the lips would be. The mesial outline of the tooth is slightly convex, whereas the distal outline is much more convex. Consequently, the height of curvature (the point furthest away from the central axis of the tooth) is closer to the mesioincisal angle on the mesial side while more apical on the distal side.
After the mammelons are worn away, the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor is straight mesiodistally. The center of the incisal edge curves slighly downward in the center of the tooth. The cervical line, which is seen as the border between the crown and the root of the tooth, is closer to the apex of the root in the center of the tooth. This makes the cervical line appear as a semicircle in shape.
From this view, the root is blunt and cone-shaped. Although there is a large amount of variation between people, the length of the root is usually 2-3 mm longer the length of the crown (Ash p.156). Large curvatures of the root are usually not seen in this tooth.
Lingual view The lingual view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side where the tongue would be. The lingual side of the maxillary central incisor has a small convexity, called a cingulum near the cervical line and has a large concavity, called the lingual fossa. Along the mesial and distal sides are slightly raised portions called marginal ridges. The lingual incisal edge is also raised slightly to the level of the marginal ridges. The lingual fossa is bordered incisally by the lingual incisal edge, mesially by the mesial marginal ridge, distally by the distal marginal ridge, and cervically by the cingulum. Developmental grooves are found on the cingulum and lying into the lingual fossa.
This side of the tooth tapers in size from the labial side of the tooth. As a result, the mesial and distal sides of the tooth are further away on the labial side than on the lingual side. Furthermore, a cross-section of the tooth at the cervical line would show a general triangle appearance. One of the triangle's sides would be the facial surface, and the other two sides would be the mesial side and the slightly shorter distal side tapering lingually.
Mesial view The mesial view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side closest to where the middle line of the face would be.
References - Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition.
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